The research investigated the characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in different infection states. The retrospective cross-sectional study selected 194 children with pneumonia from October 2023 to January 2024 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University as the study objects, patients aged 7 months to 13 years old, including 91 female children and 103 male children. According to the types of pathogens, the children with pneumonia were divided into single MP infection group (80 cases), non-MP infection group (29 cases) and mixed pathogen infection group (85 cases). According to the mutation of MP23S rRNA gene, the MPP children were divided into drug-resistance group (112 cases) and non-drug-resistance group (53 cases). According to the results of bronchoscopy and imaging, the MPP children were divided into severe group (35 cases) and mild group (130 cases). Pathogen infection, the percentage and absolute count of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, hypersensitive CRP, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, interleukin-4, interleukin-6 and interleukin-2 in each group were analyzed retrospectively. The levels of the test items in each group were compared. The value of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in the diagnosis of MPP in children was evaluated by ROC curve. The results showed that the co-infection rate of MPP children was 51.51% (85/165). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common co-infection (39/85, 45.88%), followed by Haemophilus influenzae (26/85, 30.89%). The mutation rate of MP resistance gene was 67.88% (112/165) in MPP children tested for tNGS in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The absolute counts (cells/μl) of CD3 +, CD3 +CD4 +, CD3 +CD8 +, CD3 -CD19 +, CD3 -CD16 +CD56 +and CD3 +CD16 +CD56 + in the simple MP group (1 164, 612, 415, 242, 168, 50) and the mixed pathogen group (1 285, 694, 457, 313, 176, 52) were significantly lower than those in the non-MP group (2 092, 1 037, 660, 541, 295, 86) ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between drug-resistant group and non-drug-resistant group ( P>0.05). The CD3 +CD4 +% (34.91) and the absolute counts of CD3 -CD16 +CD56 + (148 cells/μl) in severe group was significantly lower than that in mild group (37.91, 187 cells/μl), and CD3 -CD19 +% (19.48) was significantly higher than that in mild group (16.33) ( P<0.05). The median values (cells/μl) of CD3 + (1 093, 925), CD3 +CD4 + (576, 543), CD3 +CD8 + (401, 356), CD3 -CD19 + (238, 234) and CD3 -CD16 +CD56 + (181, 153) in MPP children aged 4 to 8 years and 9 to 12 years were lower than the reference range in corresponding age. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets for MPP diagnosis was 0.813, and the sensitivity was 79.3%, the specificity was 75%. In conclusion, the co-infection rate of MPP children was higher than single MP infection. The characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in children with pneumonia were that the absolute count test value of MPP children was significantly lower than that of non-MP infection, and there are differences between MPP children clinical types.

The research investigated the characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in different infection states. The retrospective cross-sectional study selected 194 children with pneumonia from October 2023 to January 2024 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University as the study objects, patients aged 7 months to 13 years old, including 91 female children and 103 male children. According to the types of pathogens, the children with pneumonia were divided into single MP infection group (80 cases), non-MP infection group (29 cases) and mixed pathogen infection group (85 cases). According to the mutation of MP23S rRNA gene, the MPP children were divided into drug-resistance group (112 cases) and non-drug-resistance group (53 cases). According to the results of bronchoscopy and imaging, the MPP children were divided into severe group (35 cases) and mild group (130 cases). Pathogen infection, the percentage and absolute count of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, hypersensitive CRP, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, interleukin-4, interleukin-6 and interleukin-2 in each group were analyzed retrospectively. The levels of the test items in each group were compared. The value of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in the diagnosis of MPP in children was evaluated by ROC curve. The results showed that the co-infection rate of MPP children was 51.51% (85/165). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common co-infection (39/85, 45.88%), followed by Haemophilus influenzae (26/85, 30.89%). The mutation rate of MP resistance gene was 67.88% (112/165) in MPP children tested for tNGS in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The absolute counts (cells/μl) of CD3 +, CD3 +CD4 +, CD3 +CD8 +, CD3 -CD19 +, CD3 -CD16 +CD56 +and CD3 +CD16 +CD56 + in the simple MP group (1 164, 612, 415, 242, 168, 50) and the mixed pathogen group (1 285, 694, 457, 313, 176, 52) were significantly lower than those in the non-MP group (2 092, 1 037, 660, 541, 295, 86) ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between drug-resistant group and non-drug-resistant group ( P>0.05). The CD3 +CD4 +% (34.91) and the absolute counts of CD3 -CD16 +CD56 + (148 cells/μl) in severe group was significantly lower than that in mild group (37.91, 187 cells/μl), and CD3 -CD19 +% (19.48) was significantly higher than that in mild group (16.33) ( P<0.05). The median values (cells/μl) of CD3 + (1 093, 925), CD3 +CD4 + (576, 543), CD3 +CD8 + (401, 356), CD3 -CD19 + (238, 234) and CD3 -CD16 +CD56 + (181, 153) in MPP children aged 4 to 8 years and 9 to 12 years were lower than the reference range in corresponding age. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets for MPP diagnosis was 0.813, and the sensitivity was 79.3%, the specificity was 75%. In conclusion, the co-infection rate of MPP children was higher than single MP infection. The characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in children with pneumonia were that the absolute count test value of MPP children was significantly lower than that of non-MP infection, and there are differences between MPP children clinical types.

Objective:To investigate the difference and characteristics of autoantibodies expression in patients infected by 2019-nCoV with various severity, and explore the associations between expression profile of autoantibodies and prognosis of COVID-19 patients.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted on patients with COVID-19 admitted to Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University from January 30, 2020 to March 16, 2020. Data on medical records, expression of autoantibodies including antinuclear antibody profile (ANA), anticardiolipin antibody (ACA), inflammatory factor and other laboratory indexes were collected and analyzed. The age and sex matched disease controls (cases of pulmonary infection unrelated to 2019-nCoV infection and autoimmune disease) and healthy controls (healthy check-up individuals) were also included. Following groups were established, ANA test groups: 72 cases of COVID-19 group (including 17 critical and severe cases, and 55 mild cases), 37 disease controls and 44 healthy controls; ACA test groups: 111 cases of COVID-19 group (including 37 critical and severe cases, and 74 mild cases), 37 disease controls and 40 healthy controls. The difference of positive rate or expression level of autoantibodies among various groups was analyzed, and the difference of inflammatory biomarkers and other parameters were compared between patients with ANA positive results and negative results. The Spearman correlation test was applied to determine the relationship between ACA and other parameters. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to plot survival curves, the log-rank analysis was utilized to explore the association between antibodies and outcome of COVID-19 patients.Results:The positive rate of antibodies was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than disease and healthy control groups, the ANA fluorescence: 22.22% (16/72), 5.41% (2/37), 6.82% (3/44); ANA spectrum:26.39% (19/72), 8.11% (3/37), 9.09% (4/44); and ACA:37.84% (42/111), 8.11% (3/37), 5.00% (2/40); all P<0.05. The positive rate of ANA, ACA-IgM and the expression level of ACA-IgM were significantly higher in severe COVID-19 subgroups (critically and severe COVID-19 patients) than in the mild COVID-19 patients (the ANA fluorescence: 47.06% [8/17] vs. 14.55% [8/55], ANA spectrum:66.67% [9/17] vs. 18.18% [10/55], ACA-IgM:30.43% [10/37] vs. 9.46% [7/74]; all P<0.05). There were significant differences in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, activated partial thromboplastin time, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and serum amyloid A between COVID-19 ANA-positive group and COVID-19 ANA-negative group (all P<0.05). The level of ACA-IgM was positively correlated with white blood cell count ( r=0.354, P<0.001), neutrophil count ( r=0.344, P<0.001), platelet count ( r=0.198, P=0.038), D-Dimer ( r=0.260, P=0.009), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase ( r=0.214, P=0.024), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase ( r=0.283, P=0.003), blood urea nitrogen ( r=0.223, P=0.019), and negatively correlated with superoxide dismutase ( r=-0.228, P=0.020). Survival analysis showed that cumulative survival rate of event-free survival (EFS) was lower in patients with positive ANA/ACA-IgM results than in patients with negative ANA/ACA-IgM results ( P<0.05). Conclusions:ANA and ACA autoantibodies can be detected in COVID-19 patients. The positive rate and the expression level of ANA and ACA increase in proportion with the severity of COVID-19 patients. ANA and ACA-IgM could be used as risk stratification determinants for predicting survival of COVID-19 patients.

AIM:To investigate the correlation between cerebral glucose metabolism and paediatric epilepsy or seizure type and seizure frequency.METHODS:To observe the cerebral glucose metabolism in epileptogenic focus,18F-FDG positron emission computed tomography(PET) brain imaging tests were carried out in 86 cases of paediatric epilepsy diagnosed by EEG and MRI.RESULTS:Compared to control group,significantly statistical differences between children epilepsy group and control group in PET brain imaging were observed(P0.05) was observed.CONCLUSION:Cerebral glucose metabolism of paediatric epilepsy is abnormal.The abnormal PET with varieties of epilepsy is found in different brain district.There is positive correlation between the abnormal intensity of PET imaging and the severity or seizure frequency of epilepsy.