Objective: To investigate the prevalence of co-occurrence of common diseases among junior high school students in Yunnan Province and to identify latent comorbidity patterns and analyze their associated factors, so as to provide evidence for the comprehensive prevention and control of common diseases among students. Methods: From September to November 2025, a stratified cluster sampling method was employed to survey 71 791 students in grades 7-9 recruited from 258 junior high schools in Yunnan Province. Information on six common diseases, including screening myopia, dental caries, overweight/obesity, malnutrition, elevated blood pressure, and abnormal spinal curvature, was collected through physical examinations and questionnaire surveys, along with data on demographic characteristics, physical activity, and sleep. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify comorbidity patterns of common diseases, and multinomial Logistic regression was performed to analyze the factors associated with each pattern. Results: The detection rates of screening myopia, dental caries, overweight/obesity, elevated blood pressure, malnutrition, and abnormal spinal curvature among junior high school students were 65.2%, 62.1%, 22.4%, 10.9% , 8.2%, and 5.7%, respectively. LCA identified three latent comorbidity patterns of common diseases: a high prevalence screening myopia-dental caries-spinal curvature abnormality pattern (C1, 63.8%), an overweight/obesity elevated blood pressure pattern (C2, 24.1%), and a relatively low burden pattern (C3, 12.0%). With C3 as the reference, multinomial Logistic regression showed that girls were more likely than boys to be assigned to C1 and C2 [ OR (95% CI )=2.12(2.02-2.23), 1.31(1.23-1.38)]; non-Han students were less likely than Han students to belong to C1 and C2 [ OR (95% CI )=0.88(0.83-0.92), 0.81(0.77-0.86)]; students in grades 8 and 9 were more likely than those in grade 7 to belong to C1 and C2, with the highest likelihood observed among grade 9 students [ OR (95% CI )=1.43(1.35-1.52), 1.27(1.19-1.36)]; insufficient sleep was associated with increased odds of belonging to C1 and C2 [ OR (95% CI )=1.15(1.09-1.22), 1.25(1.18-1.33)] (all P <0.05). Compared with students who engaged in outdoor activities during breaks, those who stayed indoors, either inside the teaching building but outside the classroom or inside the classroom, were more likely to belong to C1 [ OR (95% CI )=1.09(1.02-1.16), 1.17(1.09-1.26)] and C2 [ OR (95% CI )=1.13(1.05-1.21), 1.25(1.15-1.35)]; students not living with their parents were less likely to belong to C1 and C2 [ OR (95% CI )=0.83(0.77-0.90), 0.74(0.68-0.81)] (all P <0.05). Conclusions The co-occurrence of common diseases is relatively prominent among junior high school students in Yunnan Province, with distinct latent stratification patterns. Tiered and precise comprehensive interventions should be implemented targeting key populations to promote the prevention and control of common diseases among students.

Objective: To understand the association between beverage and snack intake and insufficient serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted intervention measures. Methods: From October to December 2021, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 477 primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 15 years old from 9 counties in Yunnan Province implemented the Nutrition Improvement Plan for Rural Compulsory Education Students. The intake of beverages and snacks was investigated using the Rural Student Nutrition Monitoring Questionnaire from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The snack intake intensity was calculated and classified into no intake, extremely low, low, medium, and high intensity. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in the laboratory, and levels <20 ng/mL were defined as insufficient. Chi square tests, LASSO regression, random forest and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the association between 20 types of beverages and snacks and serum 25(OH)D insufficiency. Results: Insufficient serum 25(OH)D was detected in 564 boys (45.9%) and 855 girls (68.5%), with a total of 1 419 cases (57.3%). Binary Logistic regression results showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages ( OR =1.51), plant protein beverages ( OR =1.61), and milk tea beverages ( OR =1.39) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D, while protective factors were fruits and vegetables ( OR =0.77) and pure milk and yogurt ( OR =0.74) (all P <0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, milk containing beverages, tea beverages, fruit and vegetable juices, and plant protein beverages increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in girls ( OR =2.22, 1.72, 1.67, 1.74, 1.92), and high intake intensity increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in boys ( OR =1.73, 1.48, 1.52, 1.49, 1.97) (all P <0.05). Extremely low intake intensity of carbonated beverages, plant protein beverages, and milk tea beverages in junior high school students ( OR =1.92, 2.54, 1.68) and low intake intensity in primary school students ( OR =1.40, 1.33, 1.45) increased the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D (all P <0.05). Conclusions Frequent intake of beverages and highly processed snacks increases the risk of insufficient serum 25(OH)D in primary and secondary school students, while natural foods such as fruits, vegetables, pure milk and yogurt can reduce the risk. Girls and junior high school students are more susceptible to these effects.

Objective:To compare the efficacy between Kirschner wire and clavicular hook plate in the fixation of distal clavicle fractures in older children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 28 pediatric patients with distal clavicle fracture who had undergone surgical treatment at Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second General Hospital of Fuzhou from December 2014 to December 2023. There were 20 boys and 8 girls. Age: 10.0 (9.0, 12.8) years old; 22 left sides and 6 right sides; by the Craig modified Neer classification: 22 cases of type Ⅱ, 5 cases of type Ⅳ, and 1 case of type Ⅴ. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on their internal fixation methods. The Kirschner wire group of 12 cases were treated with open reduction and Kirschner wire fixation; the hook plate group of 16 cases were treated with open reduction and clavicular hook plate fixation. Operation time, hospital stay, fracture healing time, incidence of complications, and scores at the final follow-up (the Constant-Murley shoulder function score, quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (quickDASH) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) for aesthetic satisfaction) were recorded and compared between the 2 groups.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data between the 2 groups, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). The postoperative follow-up period for the 28 patients was (14.8±6.5) months. The operation time in the Kirschner wire group [(34.3±12.1) min] was significantly shorter than that in the hook plate group [(49.4±16.8) min] ( P<0.05), and the VAS score for aesthetic satisfaction at the final follow-up in the Kirschner wire group [(8.2±1.1) points] was significantly higher than that in the hook plate group [(6.2±2.6) points] ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of fracture healing time, hospital stay, incidence of complications, or Constant-Murley score and quickDASH score at the final follow-up ( P>0.05). Conclusions:For pediatric patients with distal clavicle fracture, both Kirschner wire fixation and clavicular hook plate fixation can achieve good functional outcomes. However, Kirschner wire fixation has advantages of shorter operation time, higher postoperative aesthetic satisfaction, and no need of a secondary surgery for implant removal.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism and identify potential drugs for subthreshold depression (SD), and elucidate the detalied mechanism of Danzhi Xiaoyao powder (DZXY) in SD. Methods: Using RNA-sequencing, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leukocytes of SD compared to healthy controls, deciphered their functions and pathways, and identified the hub genes of SD. We also assessed changes in leukocyte transcription factor activity in patients with SD using the TELiS platform. The Connectivity Map database was retrieved to screen candidate drugs for SD. Based on network pharmacology, we elucidated the “multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway” mechanism of DZXY in the treatment of SD. Results: We identified 1080 DEGs (padj <0.05 and |log2 (fold change)| ≥ 1 & protein coding) in the leukocytes of patients with SD. These DEGs, including hub genes, were primarily involved in immune and inflammatory response-related processes. Transcription factor activity analysis revealed similarities between the leukocyte transcriptome profile in SD and the conserved transcriptional response to adversities in immune cells. Connectivity Map analysis identified 28 potential drugs for SD treatment, particularly SB-202190 and TWS-119. Constructing the “Direct Compounds-Direct Targets-Pathways” network for DZXY and SD revealed the curative mechanisms of DZXY in SD, primarily including inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, immune response, and other processes. Conclusion These results provide new insights into the characteristics and functional changes of leukocytes in SD, partially illustrate the pathogenesis of SD, and suggest potential drugs for SD. The curative mechanisms of DZXY in SD are also partially elucidated.

Objective:To establish a rapid method to detect the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem in Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) based on ompK36 gene′s GD mutation. Methods:This was a methodological evaluation study. A total of 258 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected from Lishui Municipal Central Hospital from March 2011 to December 2019. Porin gene ompK36 and carbapenemase genes blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP and blaOXA-48 were amplified by PCR and confirmed by sequencing. The MIC was detected and confirmed by microbroth dilution susceptibility test, and the corresponding patterns of genotype and MIC were constructed. Based on the patterns, a method for rapid detection of imipenem MIC by real-time fluorescence PCR (RT-PCR) was designed and established. The 159 isolates of non-repetitive Klebsiella pneumoniae collected by Lishui Disease Prevention and Control Center (CDC) from 2017 to 2019 were used for further verification. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated by fourfold table. Kappa test was used to compare the consistency between RT-PCR and microbroth dilution susceptibility test. Results:Among 258 isolates, 109 isolates did not carry carbapenemase gene, 65 isolates carried ompK36 gene GD mutation, 127 isolates carried blaKPC, 15 isolates carried blaNDM, 9 isolates carried blaIMP, and blaOXA-48 was not detected. With mircobroth dilution susceptibility test as the standard, there were 3 corresponding patterns between the drug resistance gene and the imipenem MIC of Kp: when all the 4 carbapenemase genes were negative, MIC≤1 mg/L, the sensitivity was 100% (107/107) and the specificity was 98.4% (125/127); when blaKPC was positive and ompK36 gene GD mutation was negative, 4 mg/L≤MIC≤16 mg/L, the sensitivity was 88.2% (60/68) and the specificity was 98.8% (164/166); when blaKPC and ompK36 gene GD mutation were both positive, MIC≥32 mg/L, the sensitivity was 96.6% (57/59) and the specificity was 96.6% (169/175). RT-PCR detected blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48 genes accurately.The RT-PCR results of ompK36 gene GD mutation in the KPC-producing isolates were 100% consistent with the sequencing results. In the 159 isolates from Lishui CDC, the sensitivity and specificity of imipenem MIC detected by RT-PCR were higher than 95% in all 3 patterns with mircobroth dilution susceptibility test as the standard, and Kappa value was 0.971. Conclusion:The RT-PCR based on ompK36 gene GD mutation was helpful to quickly determine the MIC range of imipenem in KPC-Kp.

Objective:To explore the diagnosis and treatment of humeral medial epicondyle fracture combined with radial neck fracture in children and adolescents.Methods:The clinical data were retro-spectively analyzed of the 12 pediatric patients with fractures of the humeral medial epicondyle plus the radial neck who had been admitted from February 2015 to August 2021 to Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Fuzhou. There were 6 males and 6 females, with an age of (11.1 ± 2.5) years. According to the Papavasiliou classification, the humeral medial epicondyle fractures were type Ⅱ in 7 cases, type Ⅲ in 2 cases and type Ⅳ in 3 cases; according to the Judet classification, the radial neck fractures were type Ⅰ in 3 cases, type Ⅱ in 4 cases and type Ⅲ in 5 cases. Two Judet-Ⅰ radial neck fractures were missed by X-ray exam-ination but diagnosed by CT examination. Of the humeral medial epicondylar fractures, 9 were treated by open reduction and hollow screwing and 3 by closed reduction and Kirschner wiring. Of the radial neck fractures, 8 were treated by closed reduction and elastic intramedullary nailing and 4 conservatively. Fracture healing was followed up by postoperative radiographs. At the last follow-up, the carrying angles were measured, Kim Elbow Function Score (KEPS) was used to evaluate the functional recovery of the injured limb, and related complications were recorded.Results:All the 12 patients were followed up for (40.0±25.6) months. Fractures headed after (6.3±1.2) weeks. At the last follow-up, the carrying angle was 15.5°±2.6° on the injured side and 14.7°±2.0° on the healthy side, showing no significant difference ( P>0.05); KEPS was (96.3±5.3) points on the injured side and (98.8±2.3) points on the healthy side, showing no significant difference either ( P>0.05). No incision infection, bone nonunion, elbow valgus, joint stiffness or other complications were found; the postoperative elbow stability recovered well. Conclusions:As the fracture of the humeral medial epicondyle combined with the radial neck fracture is a special type of injury of straightened elbow during valgus stress in children and adolescents, it is likely to be missed in diagnosis. The goal of treatment is good functional recovery by restoring the articular match and elbow stability.

Objective:To investigate the biomechanical properties of a new pediatric femoral neck system in the fixation of pediatric femoral neck fractures with a free fracture fragment.Methods:Ten Sawbones model bones were randomly divided into 2 even groups ( n=5), all of which were made into Delbet Type Ⅱ femoral neck fractures with a Pauwels angle of 70°. A free bone block was removed from the bottom at the proximal end of the fracture to simulate a femoral neck fracture with a free fragment. Group A were fixed with traditional inverted triangle cannulated screws, and group B with a new pediatric femoral neck system. After the 2 groups of specimens were placed on a biomechanical testing machine, each specimen was subjected to a static axial compression test, an anti-torsion test and a cyclic load test in turn. The biomechanical results were compared between groups A and B in aspects of axial compression stiffness, torsional stiffness and maximum displacement difference. Results:The axial compression stiffness [(321.718±5.770) N/mm] and torsional rigidity [(1.448±0.079) N·m/°] in group B were significantly higher than those in group A [(266.722±4.788) N/mm and (1.282±0.023) N·m/°] ( P<0.05). The maximum displacement difference in the cyclic load test in group B [(0.063±0.038) mm] was also significantly smaller than that in group A [(0.117±0.056) mm] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In fixation of pediatric femoral neck fractures with a free fracture fragment, the new pediatric femoral neck system can lead to better biomechanical stability than the traditional inverted triangle cannulated screws.

Objective:To investigate the clinical results of Bouquet technique [multiple elastic stable intramedullary nails (ESIN)] in the treatment of unstable pediatric femoral shaft fractures.Methods:From August 2016 to October 2019, 25 pediatric patients (26 sides) with unstable femoral shaft fracture were treated with Bouquet technique at Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Fuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University. They were 17 boys and 8 girls, with a mean age of 7.8 years at injury (from 5 to 11 years). Their body weight ranged from 23 kg to 62 kg, with an average of 36.3 kg. Long oblique fractures happened in 6 cases (6 sides) and comminuted fractures in 19 cases (20 sides). Ten cases (11 sides) were fixated with 3 ESINs (type 3A) and 15 cases (15 sides) with 4 ESINs (type 4A in 6 cases and type 2A+2B in 9 cases). The multiple ESINs were inserted from the medial and lateral cortex of the distal femur through the fracture sides until the head ends of the nails were distributed evenly at the proximal femur. Recorded were the fracture healing time, complications, fracture reduction quality and hip function at the last follow-up.Results:All the 25 patients were followed up for 18 to 27 months (mean, 22.4 months). Their fractures got united after 4 to 8 weeks (mean, 6.3 weeks). One case presented with femoral overgrowth of 1.1 cm and another case with nail tail irritation. Follow-ups revealed that none of the patients had such complications as incision infection, limited joint movement, nonunion or delayed fracture union. The limb alignment recovered well with no angulation, shortening or rotational deformity. At the last follow-up, according to the efficacy evaluation system for intramedullary nails by Flynn et al., the quality of reduction of femoral shaft fractures was assessed as excellent in 24 sides and as good in 2 sides, giving an excellent and good rate of 100% (26/26). According to the hip Harris scoring system, the hip function was assessed as excellent in all the 26 sides, giving an excellent rate of 100% (26/26).Conclusion:Bouquet technique is safe and effective in the treatment of unstable pediatric femoral shaft fractures, leading to fine clinical results.

OBJECTIVE：To identify and evaluate the risk factors of innovative drug clinical trials ，and to provide references for the development of risk management and control strategies. METHODS ：Using the method of literature research ，the risk factors of innovative drug clinical trials were obtained ，classified and sorted out ，and the risk evaluation indicators were initially formed. On this basis ，the questionnaire was designed. By means of interview and questionnaire survey ，54 experts were invited from 4 tertiary hospitals and 1 contract research organization to score. SPSS 24.0 software was used to perform principal component analysis on risk event status data. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The risk evaluation system included 9 first-class indicators such as policy and legal risk ，clinical trial institution risk and trial scheme design risk ，and 31 second-class indicators such as industrial policy，law and regulation changes ，intellectual property risk . According to the analysis ，the risk factors of innovative drug clinical trials mainly included drug and biological sample management risk ，trial scheme design risk ，clinical trial institution risk ，safety report management risk ，ethical review risk ，policy and legal risk ，and subject management risk. Relevant parties in clinical trials need to focus on monitoring various risk factors ，establish dynamic monitoring and control mechanism and implementation guarantee mechanism ，and effectively prevent and control risk ，to promote the smooth implementation of clinical trials.

Objective:To evaluate the ultrasonography-guided percutaneous leverage reduction in the treatment of pediatric radial neck fractures.Methods:From May 2016 to May 2018, 42 patients with Judet Ⅲ or Ⅳ radial neck fracture were treated at Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Fuzhou. They were 15 boys and 27 girls, aged from 3 to 12 years. All of them were treated by percutaneous leverage reduction and Métaizeau technique. The operative procedures were guided by ultrasonography in 20 cases and by C-arm fluoroscopy in 22 cases. Postoperative evaluation was based on Métaizeau imaging criteria, Tibone and Stoltz functional criteria; complications such as radial nerve injury were recorded.Results:There were no statistically significant differences between the ultrasonography-guided group and the fluoroscopy-guided group in preoperative general data, showing comparability ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of Métaizeau imaging, Tibone or Stoltz functional scores ( P>0.05). The frequency of fluoroscopy was (2.7±0.6) times for the ultrasonography group and (14.6±3.4) times for the fluoroscopy group while the operation time averaged (25.8±5.9) min for the former and (38.1±9.2) min for the latter, showing significant differences ( P<0.05). No postoperative complications were observed in the ultrasonography group while 4 cases of radial nerve injury in the fluoroscopy group, also showing significant difference between the 2 groups ( P< 0.05). Conclusion:Ultrasonography-guided percutaneous leverage reduction is a suitable surgical treatment of radial neck fracture in children, because it is simple, effective and safe.