Objective:To investigate Beijing residents′ preferences, marginal willingness to pay (mWTP), and utilization probabilities regarding the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) health management services provided by community health service institutions, and to provide references for promoting the application and dissemination of TCM health management at the grassroots level.Methods:A questionnaire was designed based on a discrete choice experiment involving six attributes influencing residents′ utilization of TCM health management services: medical insurance coverage, technical effectiveness, service provider, physician seniority, treatment modality, and individual average out-of-pocket cost. A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 800 residents from three community health service institutions across three administrative districts of Beijing. The survey was conducted from November to December 2024. A mixed logit model was employed to analyze the factors influencing service utilization preferences, mWTP, and utilization probabilities.Results:A total of 733 valid questionnaires were included in the analysis. All six attributes significantly influenced residents′ service utilization preferences ( P<0.05). Residents showed stronger preferences for services with lower individual average out-of-pocket costs ( β=-0.214), combination therapies involving both internal medication and external treatments ( β=0.314), provision by senior-level professionals ( β= 0.522), fixed service providers ( β=0.851), longer treatment courses with better efficacy ( β=1.323), and services covered by medical insurance ( β=1.843). When services were covered by insurance, featured longer courses with better efficacy, and involved fixed service providers, the probability of service utilization increased to 76.52%. Heterogeneity in service utilization preferences was observed across different ages, genders and chronic health conditions ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Medical insurance coverage, technical efficacy and doctor service continuity are the most influential factors affecting residents′ service utilization. Optimizing the combination of TCM health management service attributes can enhance residents′ willingness to utilize these services. It is recommended to develop multi-tiered medical security strategies, selectively include high-value TCM health management services into insurance coverage, strengthen physician-patient trust, and design differentiated " disease prevention" service packages for residents with different characteristics to improve overall population health.

Objective:To investigate Beijing residents′ preferences, marginal willingness to pay (mWTP), and utilization probabilities regarding the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) health management services provided by community health service institutions, and to provide references for promoting the application and dissemination of TCM health management at the grassroots level.Methods:A questionnaire was designed based on a discrete choice experiment involving six attributes influencing residents′ utilization of TCM health management services: medical insurance coverage, technical effectiveness, service provider, physician seniority, treatment modality, and individual average out-of-pocket cost. A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 800 residents from three community health service institutions across three administrative districts of Beijing. The survey was conducted from November to December 2024. A mixed logit model was employed to analyze the factors influencing service utilization preferences, mWTP, and utilization probabilities.Results:A total of 733 valid questionnaires were included in the analysis. All six attributes significantly influenced residents′ service utilization preferences ( P<0.05). Residents showed stronger preferences for services with lower individual average out-of-pocket costs ( β=-0.214), combination therapies involving both internal medication and external treatments ( β=0.314), provision by senior-level professionals ( β= 0.522), fixed service providers ( β=0.851), longer treatment courses with better efficacy ( β=1.323), and services covered by medical insurance ( β=1.843). When services were covered by insurance, featured longer courses with better efficacy, and involved fixed service providers, the probability of service utilization increased to 76.52%. Heterogeneity in service utilization preferences was observed across different ages, genders and chronic health conditions ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Medical insurance coverage, technical efficacy and doctor service continuity are the most influential factors affecting residents′ service utilization. Optimizing the combination of TCM health management service attributes can enhance residents′ willingness to utilize these services. It is recommended to develop multi-tiered medical security strategies, selectively include high-value TCM health management services into insurance coverage, strengthen physician-patient trust, and design differentiated " disease prevention" service packages for residents with different characteristics to improve overall population health.

Objective:To investigate the distribution characteristics of body height, body weight and body mass index (BMI) in children aged 3-17 years in China.Methods:Data were obtained from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey in 0-18 years old children in China. The study selected 70 853 children aged 3-17 years from 28 urban and rural survey sites in 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in 7 regions of China with multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. M ( Q1, Q3) was used to describe the region, age and gender specific body height, body weight and BMI in the children aged 3-17 years. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the body height, body weight, and BMI between boys and girls in same age group. Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test was used to compare the body height, body weight and BMI among boys in different age groups and among girls in different age groups, as well as among boys in same age group and among girls in same age group from different regions, and DSCF method was used for further pairwise comparisons. Results:In this study, the median body height and body weight were 172.0 cm and 62.9 kg in 17-year-old boys and 160.0 cm and 53.7 kg in 17-year-old girls. The median for children's body height, body weight, and BMI in most age groups were higher in northeastern and northern China than in southern China, and the differences could be observed until age 17 years. The differences in body weight and BMI in children in northeastern and northern China were greater in Q3 than in Q1 compared with southern China. Conclusions:The body height of children aged 3-17 years continues to increase in China. Northeastern and northern China have more children with higher bodyweight, showing an obvious body weight increase trend, to which close attention needs to be paid.

Objective:To explore the application of group sandbox game intervention on emotional state and coping style in patients with gastric cancer.Methods:A total of 92 patients with gastric cancer treated with chemotherapy in the First People′s Hospital of Lianyungang from March 2018 to March 2019 were selected by convenient sampling method, they were divided into two groups according to admission time, 46 patients in the control group received conventional care after chemotherapy, and 46 patients in the observation group received group sandplay therapy for three months which was performed after chemotherapy. The Distress Thermometer(DT), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Medical Copingmodes Questionnaire (MCMQ) were used to assess the emotional status and coping style of the patients before and after intervention.Results:After intervention, the DT, HAMA and HAMD scores of the observation group were 2.26±2.09, 13.52±2.50 and 16.47±3.61 respectively, and the DT, HAMA and HAMD scores of the control group were 3.36±2.23 and 20.85±4.53, 23.63±4.82, respectively. The DT, HAMA, HAMD scores in observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t value was 2.441, 9.608, 8.064, P<0.05). The dimensional score of the MCMQ measurement surface of the observation group after intervention was 18.35±3.19, and 14.25±3.04 in the control group. MCMQ scale escape and yield dimension scores in the observation group were 15.26±3.14, 10.24±2.56, and 17.81±2.59 and 12.84±2.64 in the control group. After the intervention, the observation group′s MCMQ surface score was higher than the control group, and the escape and yield dimension score was lower than that of the control group ( t value was 6.311, 4.249, 4.795, P<0.05). Conclusions:Group sandplay therapy can relieve negative emotion in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy, and improve their coping style.

Objective To investigate the correlation and significance of S100A12 with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods Fifty-three patients with OSAHS were chosen as OSAHS group and 46 healthy volunteers were chosen as control group.The levels of S100A12 and hs-CRP in the two groups were compared,and its relationship with those of epworth (ESS),apnea hypopnea index (AHI),and minimum blood oxygen saturation (L-SpO2) were analysised.Results The scores of ESS,BMI,A HI,L-SpO2,hs-CRP and S100A12 in two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The severity of hs-CRP in severe OSAHS group was significantly higher than that of mild OSAHS group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in hs-CRP between moderate OSAHS group and mild OSAHS group and severe group (P＞0.05).The level of S100A12 in severe OSAHS group was significantly higher than that of moderate OSAHS group and OSAHS mild group(P＜0.05).The level of S100A12 in moderate moderate group was significantly higher than that of mild group(P＜0.01).hs-CRP was negatively correlated with ESS and AHI (r=0.822,0.787,P＜0.01),was positively correlated with L-SpO2 (r=-0.740,P＜0.01),S100A12 was positively correlated with ESS and AHI (r =0.707,P ＜ 0.01),and negatively correlated with ESS and AHI (r =0.707,0.807,P＜0.01),and negatively correlated with with L-SpO2 (r=-0.670,P＜0.01).Conclusion S100A12 is associated with OSAHS.The higher the severity of OSAHS,the higher the S100A12 value,which can be used as a new predictor of cardiovascular disease risk in OSAHS patients.

Objective: To investigate the average dietary nutrients intake status among Chinese residents between 2010-2012, and to compare the difference between rural and urban areas. Methods: Data were collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance between 2010-2012. Based on regional features and economic development levels, China's county-level divisions were classified into four types: big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area. A total of 62 857 valid subjects, including 14 017, 16 539, 19 910 and 12 391 respondents in each group separately, were enrolled by Multi-stage stratified proportion to the population cluster random sampling method. The dietary survey was conducted by recalling the 24 h diet in 3 consecutive days and weighting condiment. The daily dietary intake of energy, macronutrient, dietary fiber, vitamin, and mineral substance per resident were calculated based on China Food Composition. Results: The average energy intake per resident in Mainland China was 9 047.1 kJ, with highest (9 719.3 kJ) in poor rural area and lowest (8 490.4 kJ) in medium and small city. The average dietary protein intake was 64.2 g, with highest (73.9 g) in big city and lowest (60.7 g) in poor rural area. The average dietary fat intake was 79.7 g, with highest (89.4 g) in big city and lowest (70.6 g) in poor rural area. The average intake of micronutrients of vitamin A, vitamin B₂, vitamin C, calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc was separately 441.9 μg, 0.8 mg, 80.1 mg, 364.3 mg, and 21.4 mg; which were lower than Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes. The percentage of population whose average intake of vitamin A, vitamin B₂, vitamin C, calcium were lower than estimated average requirement was separately 77.0%, 90.2%, 67.7%, and 96.6%. Conclusion The supply of 3 macronutrient was sufficient in mainland China. However, it was a common issue that there was excessive intake of fat but deficient intake of micronutrients such as vitamin, calcium, iron and zinc. There were differences in nutrition intake among big city, medium and small city, ordinary rural area and poor rural area.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the mean population intake of salt in Chinese adults in 2010-2012.

METHODSData were from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. The samples were selected through the method of probability proportion to size (PPS). The study objects were 55 531 adults aged 18 and over from 150 sites in 31 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities in China. The information of oil, salt and other condiments for household was from the 3 d food weighed record. The average of salt intake for individuals was calculated based on the energy percentage in one family. The results presented the level of salt intake (x ± Sx) by analyzing the different demography characteristics. The results were calculated using complex weighting by the population data from National Bureau of Statistics in 2009.

RESULTSThe intake of salt was (9.6 ± 0.3) g/d and it was higher in men ((10.4 ± 0.4) g/d) than that in women ((8.8 ± 0.3) g/d). The intake in the age group of 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 was (9.9 ± 0.5) g/d, (10.3 ± 0.4) g/d and (9.9 ± 0.3) g/d, respectively. The adults in rural ((10.2 ± 0.3) g/d) had a higher salt intake than that of urban ((9.0 ± 0.5) g/d). An average of salt intake was increased gradually in big city ((7.9 ± 0.3) g/d), medium /small city ((9.2 ± 0.6) g/d) , general rural ((9.9 ± 0.4) g/d) and poor rural ((10.8 ± 0.7)g/d).

CONCLUSIONThe mean salt intake among Chinese adults was still in a very high level. Something should be done to reduce the salt intake for the government and policy-makers.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; Diet ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Rural Population ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Urban Population

Dehydration is one of the key steps in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids and is vital to the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Consequently, stalling dehydration cures tuberculosis (TB). Clinically used anti-TB drugs like thiacetazone (TAC) and isoxyl (ISO) as well as flavonoids inhibit the enzyme activity of the β-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase HadAB complex. How this inhibition is exerted, has remained an enigma for years. Here, we describe the first crystal structures of the MtbHadAB complex bound with flavonoid inhibitor butein, 2',4,4'-trihydroxychalcone or fisetin. Despite sharing no sequence identity from Blast, HadA and HadB adopt a very similar hotdog fold. HadA forms a tight dimer with HadB in which the proteins are sitting side-by-side, but are oriented anti-parallel. While HadB contributes the catalytically critical His-Asp dyad, HadA binds the fatty acid substrate in a long channel. The atypical double hotdog fold with a single active site formed by MtbHadAB gives rise to a long, narrow cavity that vertically traverses the fatty acid binding channel. At the base of this cavity lies Cys61, which upon mutation to Ser confers drug-resistance in TB patients. We show that inhibitors bind in this cavity and protrude into the substrate binding channel. Thus, inhibitors of MtbHadAB exert their effect by occluding substrate from the active site. The unveiling of this mechanism of inhibition paves the way for accelerating development of next generation of anti-TB drugs.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Hydro-Lyases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Protein Binding ; drug effects ; Protein Multimerization ; drug effects ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Sequence Alignment

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long-term therapeutic efficacy of muscle-region alignment needling plus dermalneedle therapy in treating post-stroke upper-limb spasticity.MethodTotally 488 patients with post-stroke upper-limb spasticity were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 244 in each group. Besides theessentialrehabilitation treatment, the treatment group was intervened by muscle-region alignment needling plus dermal needle therapy, while the control group was given regular Western medication.Thetwo groups were intervened for 3 weeks and were followed up for 6 months. The neurologic function, Functional Comprehensive Assessment (FCA), and Stroke Speciality-Quality of Life (SS-QOL) were observed for the follow-up study.ResultThe total effective rate was 93.4% in the treatment group versus 61.5% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the neurologic function, FCA score, and SS-QOL score in the treatment group were significantly superior to that in the control group at the end of the follow-up study (P<0.05).ConclusionMuscle-region alignment needling plus dermal needle therapycan produce a content long-term therapeutic efficacy in treating post-stroke upper-limb spasticity.

Objective To observe PDX-1 expression in the pancreas of type 2 diabetic rat model and effects of rosiglitazone (RGZ) on it. Methods Type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by long-term feeding with high-fat foods followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). The morphological changes of pancreas were examined by microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of PDX-1 and insulin were determined by RT-PCR. PDX-1 protein expression was detected with Western blot. Results The percentage of insulin-positive cells(12.75±2.18)，the average optical densities of PDX-1-positive area(0.240±0.051)，PDX-1 mRNA level (0.153±0.071)and PDX-1 protein level(0.253±0.028) were significantly lower in untreated diabetic rats than in the controls(42.61±2.68，0.648±0.087，0.49±0.032，0.720±0.036 respectively)(all P＜0.01)，and in RGZ-treated versus untreated group those parameters increased significantly (all P＜0.05~0.01). Conclusions Rosiglitazone could protect islet cell function，and improve PDX-1 expressions in both mRNA and protein levels.