Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell （hUC-MSC） as a cell-based therapeutic strategy have demonstrated significant application potential in the field of intervention for neurodegenerative disease （NDD） due to their advantages such as self-renewal， multi-directional differentiation， and low immunogenicity. hUC-MSC effectively intervenes in the pathological features and neurological functions of various disease models such as Alzheimer disease， Parkinson’s disease， amyotrophic lateral sclerosis， and multiple sclerosis primarily through multiple mechanisms such as homing and differentiation， mediating paracrine actions and releasing exosomes， as well as immune regulation and anti-inflammation. Some clinical studies have also preliminarily verified their safety and effectiveness. Currently， its research still faces challenges such as immune rejection reactions requiring further observation， long-term safety needing evaluation， mechanisms of action not being fully elucidated， and slow progress in clinical trials. Future research needs to establish pharmaceutical standards for hUC-MSC， deepen their pharmacological mechanisms and clinical trials， ultimately providing new and effective drug treatment options for patients with NDD.

Objective: To explore the association role of anxiety and depressive symptoms with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and emotional-behavioral problems among junior high school students, so as to provide references for preventing the occurrence and progression of emotional-behavioral problems in middle school students. Methods: From September to October 2024, a random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 38 069 students from 28 junior high schools in 14 counties (cities and districts) and functional areas of Jining City, Shandong Province. Surveys were conducted by Nine item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The correlation of emotional and behavioral issues, online game addiction, anxiety and depressive symptoms among junior high school students was analyzed by Speaman correlation analysis. Mediation analysis was used to explore the role of anxiety and depressive symptoms between IGD and emotional-behavioral problems among junior high school students. Results: The detection rates of emotional-behavioral problems, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and IGD among junior high school students were 19.24 %, 9.48%, 16.69%, and 19.68%, respectively. The scores of emotional-behavioral problems, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms and IGD were 10.00 (6.00, 15.00), 3.00 (0.00, 7.00), and 4.00 (1.00, 8.00), 13.00 (10.00, 19.00), respectively. There were positive correlations between each pair of emotional-behavioral problem, IGD, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms scores ( r =0.51-0.81, all P <0.01). Anxiety and depressive symptoms played mediating roles between IGD and emotional-behavioral problems among junior high school students, with mediating effect values of 0.16 (95% CI =0.15-0.17) and 0.12 (95% CI =0.11-0.14), respectively (both P <0.01). Conclusions Anxiety and depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between IGD and emotional-behavioral problems among junior high school students. It is necessary to identify early signs of IGD among junior high school students, strengthen intervention for anxiety and depressive symptoms, to prevent the occurrence and development of emotional and behavioral issues.

Objective To evaluate the effect of remimazolam premedication on emergence delirium （ED） in children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Methods Children aged 3-6 years who underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy with general anesthesia in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from July 2023 to September 2024 were randomly divided into 0.1 mg/kg remimazolam group （group R1）, 0.2 mg/kg remimazolam group group R2） and normal saline group （group P）. Three groups were sedated preoperatively with remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg, remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg and normal saline, respectively. The primary outcome was the incidence of ED. The secondary outcomes included the parental separation anxiety scale （PSAS） score when entering the operating room, the induction compliance checklist （ICC） score at induction, the anesthetic recovery time, the incidence of rescue propofol for ED, the face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability （FLACC） score and the incidence of postoperative pain during the recovery period, the incidence of adverse reactions during the operation and postoperatively, and the incidence of negative postoperative behavioral changes （NPOBCs） at first day, 7th day, 30th day postoperatively. Results A total of 119 children completed the study, including 41 children in group R1, 38 children in group R2, and 40 children ingroup P. The incidence of ED and propofol rescue, the PSAS scores and ICC scores of group R1 and R2 were lower than that of group P （P<0.05）, and the above results in group R2 was better than those in group R1 （P<0.05）. The FLACC score, the incidence of postoperative pain, and the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups had no difference （P>0.05）. The incidence of NPOBCs at 1st day and 7th day postoperatively in group R1 and group R2 was lower than that in group P （P<0.05）, but no difference was detected at 30th day postoperatively among the three groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion Remimazolam used for preoperative sedation could reduce the incidence of ED in children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, and had a positive effect on alleviating the preoperative anxiety and preventing NPOBCs.

Cognitive impairment is a major public health challenge facing global aging societies， and currently lacks effective treatment measures. Herb pair， characterized by their rigorous compatibility and synergistic effects， demonstrate unique advantages in clinical practice. Acorus tatarinowii-Polygala tenuifolia is a classic herbal pair for treating cognitive impairment， widely utilized in various traditional Chinese medicine formulations， such as Kaixin san， Shenghui tang， and Yuanzhi san. This article summarizes the pharmacological mechanisms of A. tatarinowii， P. tenuifolia and their compatible compound prescriptions in ameliorating cognitive impairment. It is found that they can exert effects in ameliorating cognitive impairment through mechanisms such as reducing amyloid β-protein deposition and inhibiting excessive phosphorylation of Tau protein， suppressing inflammatory responses， alleviating oxidative stress， protecting neurons and regulating neurotransmitters， modulating the structure and function of the blood- brain barrier， and regulating autophagy. Subsequently， in-depth analysis can be conducted on the active ingredients of A. tatarinowii- P. tenuifolia herb pair that ameliorate cognitive impairment， along with the addition of relevant clinical trials for verification. This will provide theoretical foundations and research approaches for the treatment of cognitive impairment using traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of myopia progression control over a one-year period for defocus in-corporated multiple segments lenses(DIMS),peripheral defocus modifying(PDM)lenes and single vision spectacle lenses(SVL)in a real-world cohort.Methods A total of 188 cases in the DIMS group,116 cases in the PDM group,and 373 ca-ses in the SVL group,all diagnosed with refractive errors and aged 6-16 years,were enrolled in Department of Ophthal-mology,Fujian Provincial Hospital from July 2019 to June 2022.A 1∶1 propensity score matching(PSM)of covariates was used to balance factors between the groups.The changes in spherical equivalent(SE)and axial length(AL)in each patient before and 1 year after wearing glasses were compared without other interventions.The myopia control effects of different groups were compared through the changes in SE and AL.Results After PSM,92 cases were matched between DIMS group and PDM group,163 cases were matched between DIMS group and SVL group,and 99 cases were matched between PDM group and SVL group.The changes in SE and AL in the DIMS group were less than those in the PDM and SVL groups,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the changes in SE and AL between the PDM and SVL groups(all P＞0.05).In the age subgroup analysis,in the younger age group(6～＜13)and the older age group(13～16)the changes in SE and AL in the DIMS group were less than those in the PDM group and SVL group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).In the younger age group,the changes in SE and AL in the PDM group were less than those in the SVL group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05);while in older age group,there were no statistically significant differences in the changes in SE and AL between the PDM and SVL groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion The myopia control efficacy of DIMS is superior to that of PDM and SVL.In younger children,the myopia control efficacy of PDM is superior to that of SVL.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of myopia progression control over a one-year period for defocus in-corporated multiple segments lenses(DIMS),peripheral defocus modifying(PDM)lenes and single vision spectacle lenses(SVL)in a real-world cohort.Methods A total of 188 cases in the DIMS group,116 cases in the PDM group,and 373 ca-ses in the SVL group,all diagnosed with refractive errors and aged 6-16 years,were enrolled in Department of Ophthal-mology,Fujian Provincial Hospital from July 2019 to June 2022.A 1∶1 propensity score matching(PSM)of covariates was used to balance factors between the groups.The changes in spherical equivalent(SE)and axial length(AL)in each patient before and 1 year after wearing glasses were compared without other interventions.The myopia control effects of different groups were compared through the changes in SE and AL.Results After PSM,92 cases were matched between DIMS group and PDM group,163 cases were matched between DIMS group and SVL group,and 99 cases were matched between PDM group and SVL group.The changes in SE and AL in the DIMS group were less than those in the PDM and SVL groups,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the changes in SE and AL between the PDM and SVL groups(all P＞0.05).In the age subgroup analysis,in the younger age group(6～＜13)and the older age group(13～16)the changes in SE and AL in the DIMS group were less than those in the PDM group and SVL group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).In the younger age group,the changes in SE and AL in the PDM group were less than those in the SVL group,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05);while in older age group,there were no statistically significant differences in the changes in SE and AL between the PDM and SVL groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion The myopia control efficacy of DIMS is superior to that of PDM and SVL.In younger children,the myopia control efficacy of PDM is superior to that of SVL.

Cognitive impairment(CI)is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive decline in advanced cognitive functions such as memory,thinking,and judgment.Its etiology and pathogenesis are complex,and there is currently a lack of specific drug interventions.Metformin,as a first-line hypoglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes,not only lowers blood glucose levels but also improves CI.This article reviews and summarizes the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of metformin in improving Alzheimer's disease,diabetes cognitive impairment,cognitive impairment after chemotherapy,in order to provide novel insights and approaches for the treatment of CI-related diseases.Studies have shown that the mechanism by which MET intervenes in CI mainly includes regulating β-amyloid protein and tau protein metabolism,reducing insulin resistance,inhibiting neuroinflammation,improving synaptic plasticity,improving mitochondrial dysfunction,regulating gut microbiota and lipid metabolism,etc.Future research needs to be conducted through interdisciplinary collaboration,fully integrating multiple omics data,and combining advanced technologies to further reveal their mechanisms of effect.

Under the backdrop of the "Healthy China 2030" strategy, running has become the most common form of exercise. Fitness running is a kind of endurance aerobic exercise. Compared with swimming, aerobics, and other sports with high activity and intensity, the risk of lower limb fatigue injury during fitness running is higher. In this review paper, the risk factors for running-related injuries were summarized by consulting and analyzing the database and focuses on discussing and analyzing the impact of running on joints. The results showed that hip adduction, knee bending, and ankle joint abnormalities are the three joint-related factors that cause the main injuries during running. Four rehabilitation intervention methods for running-related injuries were proposed, that can guide patients to generate personalized rehabilitation treatment plans through training.

Mitochondria-associated membranes(MAMs)are a subcellular compartment involved in the communication and material exchange between the mitochondrial outer membrane and endoplasmic reticulum membrane.MAMs perform various biological processes in cells under different conditions.MAM-dysfunction-mediated calcium homeostasis imbalance,endoplasmic reticulum stress,mitophagy defects,mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics imbalance,lipid metabolism disorders,and inflammatory responses are key pathogenic factors in Alzheimer's disease(AD).This article reviews the structure and function of MAMs,their involvement in AD pathology,and drug intervention targets,and discusses the role of MAMs in the pathogenesis of AD and the latest research into their mechanisms,to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AD.

Objective:To study the risk factors and complications of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus(hsPDA)in preterm infants <32 weeks.Methods:From January 2021 to March 2022, a total of 150 premature infants with gestational age <32 weeks admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Liaocheng People′s Hospital were enrolled.Nine patients who did not meet the requirements were excluded and a total of 141 infants were finally analyzed retrospectively, including PDA group with 95 cases and non-PDA group with 46 cases.According to whether hsPDA existed or not, PDA group were dirided into hsPDA group with 42 cases and non-hsPDA group with 53 cases.Univariate and regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors and complication of hsPDA.Results:Univariate analysis showed that gestational age( t=-6.861, P<0.01), birth weight( t=-4.392, P<0.01), mode of delivery( χ2=9.018, P<0.01), caffeine( χ2=4.337, P<0.05) and suffocation( χ2=7.918, P<0.01)were associated with hsPDA.Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age( OR=2.435, P<0.01, 95% CI: 1.669~3.552)was an independent risk factor for hsPDA in gestational age <32 weeks preterm infants.The incidences of necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity in the hsPDA group were higher than those in the non-hsPDA group( P<0.05). Conclusion:Gestational age is an independent risk factor for hsPDA with gestational age <32 weeks.Necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and retinopathy of prematurity are related complications of hsPDA.