Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the application of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in adult lung transplant recipients, and to explore their clinical value in assessing quality of life following transplantation.Methods:This study was a systematic review. Relevant studies published between January 2014 and July 2024 were searched in the PubMed and OVID Medline databases using keywords such as "lung transplantation" "quality of life" "HRQoL" "health indice" "patient-reported outcome measure" "questionnaire" "profile" "scale" "score" and "survey". Only English-language articles were included. Eligible studies were those that applied PROMs to assess quality of life in adult lung transplant recipients and were approved by ethics committees. Reviews, case reports, abstracts, and studies involving transplant candidates or recipients of lung-liver or lung-kidney combined transplantation were excluded. Data extracted included basic study information, study design, participant characteristics, and PROM usage. Frequently used PROMs and lung transplant-specific PROMs were summarized, and results with clearly reported time points were analyzed.Results:A total of 63 studies were included, comprising 54 (85.7%) observational studies and 9 (14.3%) interventional studies. The majority of studies originated from the United States (18 studies, 28.6%). A total of 55 different PROMs were identified, including 30 generic and 25 disease-specific instruments. The five most frequently used PROMs were the Short Form 36 (SF-36; 30 studies, 47.6%), the EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ-5D; 12 studies, 19.0%), the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ; 11 studies, 17.5%), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; 7 studies, 11.1%), and the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC; 5 studies, 7.9%). Lung transplant-specific PROMs included the Lung Transplant Quality of Life questionnaire (LT-QOL), the Lung Transplant Valued Life Activities (LT-VLA) scale, and the Pulmonary-Specific Quality of Life Scale (PQLS), which were applied in only 6 studies (9.5%). Across studies, lung transplantation was associated with significant improvements in recipients' quality of life, sustained over a follow-up period of 3 to 60 months.Conclusions:A wide range of PROMs have been employed to assess health-related quality of life in lung transplant recipients; however, transplant-specific PROMs remain relatively scarce. PROMs provide valuable insights for reflecting and dynamically monitoring long-term quality of life, supplementing evidence for clinical decision-making, and optimizing post-transplant care strategies.

Objective To explore the ^“contribution^” of different exposures to cardiovascular diseases at the population level and to construct a risk prediction model for the effective allocation of prevention resources. Methods The CHNS (China Health and Nutrition Survey) database was used. In 2009, 2011 and 2015, 9 899 permanent residents aged 35 to 75 years in 10 provinces and cities in the central and eastern regions (Beijing, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shanghai, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi and Jiangsu) were selected as the research subjects. A single-factor analysis was conducted to examine the risk factors including sex, age, BMI, marital status, urban/rural area, sleep time, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, education, and health insurance. The multifactor-adjusted population-attributable risk of certain risk factors was also estimated based on logistic regression analysis. The cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction model was developed using a modeling group of 6 927 randomly selected individuals (70%) and a validation group of 2 974 individuals (30%). The model's differentiation and calibration were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results The results showed that the adjusted population attributable risk and 95% confidence interval for BMI, sleep time, smoking, drinking and diabetes were 32.20% (27.67%-36.89%), 7.90% (1.68%-16.58%), 18.56% (11.35%-26.24%), 6.47% (0.11%-13.25%) and 5.73% (4.42%-7.03%). The results of multivariate adjusted population attributable risk percentage showed that BMI was the dominant cause of cardiovascular diseases, followed by smoking, sleep time, drinking and diabetes. The low-risk prevalence rate was 18.44%, the higher-risk prevalence rate was 14.19%, and the high-risk prevalence rate was 42.52%. The area under ROC curve AUC was 0.711, P<0.001, and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed P=0.257. Conclusion In the future, it is important to focus on high-risk groups , control body mass index to the normal range, and reduce smoking , which is of great significance for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The risk prediction model has the value of good differentiation and practicability , and can provide certain prediction ability for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Designation of ideological and political teaching of Medical Immunology courses focuses on"cultivate talent for Party and the State",and adheres to goal of"build morality and cultivate people".From perspective of big ideology and politics,with basic foundation of"major guiding,disciplines supporting and curriculum shaping",principle of"six combinations"is applied to con-struct ideological and political cases of Medical Immunology courses,to create an infiltrating teaching pattern,which simultaneously cultivate talent for the Party and the State,and forms a synergistic effect of professional course learning and ideological and political learning.

Designation of ideological and political teaching of Medical Immunology courses focuses on"cultivate talent for Party and the State",and adheres to goal of"build morality and cultivate people".From perspective of big ideology and politics,with basic foundation of"major guiding,disciplines supporting and curriculum shaping",principle of"six combinations"is applied to con-struct ideological and political cases of Medical Immunology courses,to create an infiltrating teaching pattern,which simultaneously cultivate talent for the Party and the State,and forms a synergistic effect of professional course learning and ideological and political learning.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the application of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in adult lung transplant recipients, and to explore their clinical value in assessing quality of life following transplantation.Methods:This study was a systematic review. Relevant studies published between January 2014 and July 2024 were searched in the PubMed and OVID Medline databases using keywords such as "lung transplantation" "quality of life" "HRQoL" "health indice" "patient-reported outcome measure" "questionnaire" "profile" "scale" "score" and "survey". Only English-language articles were included. Eligible studies were those that applied PROMs to assess quality of life in adult lung transplant recipients and were approved by ethics committees. Reviews, case reports, abstracts, and studies involving transplant candidates or recipients of lung-liver or lung-kidney combined transplantation were excluded. Data extracted included basic study information, study design, participant characteristics, and PROM usage. Frequently used PROMs and lung transplant-specific PROMs were summarized, and results with clearly reported time points were analyzed.Results:A total of 63 studies were included, comprising 54 (85.7%) observational studies and 9 (14.3%) interventional studies. The majority of studies originated from the United States (18 studies, 28.6%). A total of 55 different PROMs were identified, including 30 generic and 25 disease-specific instruments. The five most frequently used PROMs were the Short Form 36 (SF-36; 30 studies, 47.6%), the EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ-5D; 12 studies, 19.0%), the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ; 11 studies, 17.5%), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; 7 studies, 11.1%), and the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC; 5 studies, 7.9%). Lung transplant-specific PROMs included the Lung Transplant Quality of Life questionnaire (LT-QOL), the Lung Transplant Valued Life Activities (LT-VLA) scale, and the Pulmonary-Specific Quality of Life Scale (PQLS), which were applied in only 6 studies (9.5%). Across studies, lung transplantation was associated with significant improvements in recipients' quality of life, sustained over a follow-up period of 3 to 60 months.Conclusions:A wide range of PROMs have been employed to assess health-related quality of life in lung transplant recipients; however, transplant-specific PROMs remain relatively scarce. PROMs provide valuable insights for reflecting and dynamically monitoring long-term quality of life, supplementing evidence for clinical decision-making, and optimizing post-transplant care strategies.

Objective:To investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on neutrophil hypoxia and pyroptosis through nucleotide binding of oligomeric domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and to analyze the role of pyroptosis on respiratory tract inflammotion induced by ZnO-NPs.Methods:In October 2022, primary cultured neutrophils were obtained from the abdominal aortic blood of SPF adult healthy SD rats. The neutrophils were treated with ZnO-NPs solution (0, 5, 10, 20 μg/ml) at different concentrations, and hypoxia group (5% O 2) was set up. Hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cleaved Caspase-1 were measured by Western blot. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant was measured by coloration, and the content of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in cell culture supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Results:Compared with the control group, hypoxia and ROS levels of neutrophils in hypoxia group and ZnO-NPs groups were significantly increased ( P<0.05), and NLRP3, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity and IL-1β content were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with hypoxia group, hypoxia and ROS levels of neutrophils in 5 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml ZnO-NPs groups were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), NLRP3, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity, and IL-1β content were decreased significantly ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hypoxia, ROS levels, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity, and IL-1β content between the 20 μg/ml ZnO-NPs group and the hypoxia group ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:ZnO-NPs treatment may activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce pyroptosis of neutrophils which may be related to ROS and hypoxia.

Objective:To investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on neutrophil hypoxia and pyroptosis through nucleotide binding of oligomeric domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and to analyze the role of pyroptosis on respiratory tract inflammotion induced by ZnO-NPs.Methods:In October 2022, primary cultured neutrophils were obtained from the abdominal aortic blood of SPF adult healthy SD rats. The neutrophils were treated with ZnO-NPs solution (0, 5, 10, 20 μg/ml) at different concentrations, and hypoxia group (5% O 2) was set up. Hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), cleaved Caspase-1 were measured by Western blot. The activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant was measured by coloration, and the content of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in cell culture supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Results:Compared with the control group, hypoxia and ROS levels of neutrophils in hypoxia group and ZnO-NPs groups were significantly increased ( P<0.05), and NLRP3, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity and IL-1β content were significantly increased ( P<0.05). Compared with hypoxia group, hypoxia and ROS levels of neutrophils in 5 μg/ml and 10 μg/ml ZnO-NPs groups were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), NLRP3, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity, and IL-1β content were decreased significantly ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hypoxia, ROS levels, ASC, cleaved Caspase-1 protein expression levels, LDH activity, and IL-1β content between the 20 μg/ml ZnO-NPs group and the hypoxia group ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:ZnO-NPs treatment may activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce pyroptosis of neutrophils which may be related to ROS and hypoxia.

Objective:To develop the Nurse Managers Negative Leadership Behavior Scale and test its reliability and validity.Methods:This study is a cross-sectional study. The Nurse Managers Negative Leadership Behavior Scale item pool was formed through literature review and semi-structured interviews. A total of 28 nursing management experts from Hubei Province, Beijing, Guangdong Province and other places were selected for expert consultation to form the first draft of the scale. The scale was further revised through pre-experiment and item analysis. In May 2022, 300 nurses from the Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were selected by convenient sampling for a questionnaire survey to test the reliability and validity of the scale. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed, and 265 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 88.33%. One week after the survey, 20 nurses were randomly selected to re-issue the questionnaire for the retest reliability test of the scale.Results:Totally, 19 experts completed two rounds of expert consultation, with expert authority coefficient of 0.880, Kendall harmony coefficient of 0.160 and 0.130 ( P<0.05) . Exploratory factor analysis extracted six factors, including neglect of needs, personal attack, right satisfaction, unpredictable behavior, slack work and improper supervision, and the cumulative variance interpretation rate was 75.125%. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fitted well and the factor structure was stable. The Nurse Managers Negative Leadership Behavior Scale included six dimensions and 36 items. The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.880, the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.895, and the retest reliability coefficient was 0.876. The content validity index of the scale was 0.930, and the content validity index of each item was 0.800 to 1.000. Conclusions:The Nurse Managers Negative Leadership Behavior Scale has good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate the negative leadership behavior of head nurses in China.