Wilson disease （WD） is one of the few treatable neurogenetic disorders. Currently， Western medicine remains the main treatment method for WD， while since the 1990s， multiple studies conducted by Professor Yang Renmin and his team have shown that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） also has a favorable therapeutic effect. Based on the principle of low-copper diet for WD， this article systematically elaborates on the advantages， limitations， and key considerations of current Western medicine therapies （pharmacotherapy， liver transplantation， and splenectomy） and reviews the research findings of TCM in China， especially the wide application of Gandou Decoction in clinical practice. Studies have shown that Gandou Decoction can effectively improve neurological symptoms， protect hepatic and renal function， and avoid the adverse drug reactions associated with metal chelating agents， and therefore， it can be used an effective long-term adjuvant therapy for WD. It should be noted that symptoms and signs should be considered in integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy for WD， and high-copper TCM drugs should be avoided to prevent deterioration.

Based on spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness as the core pathogenesis of obesity， and integrating recent advances in modern medicine regarding the key role of immune inflammation in obesity， this paper proposes a multidimensional pathogenic network of "obesity-spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness-immune imbalance". Various traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） herbs that strengthen the spleen， regulate qi， and resolve phlegm and dampness can treat obesity by improving spleen-stomach transport and transformation， promoting water-damp metabolism， and regulating immune homeostasis. This highlights immune inflammation as an important entry point to elucidate the TCM concepts of "spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness" and the therapeutic principle of "strengthening the spleen and eliminating dampness to treat obesity". By systematically analyzing the intrinsic connection between "spleen deficiency generating dampness， internal accumulation of phlegm dampness" and immune dysregulation in obesity， this paper aims to provide theoretical support for TCM treatment of obesity based on dampness.

Objective: To explore the barriers to physical activity behavior among overweight and obese children and adolescents, so as to provide evidence for developing physical activity intervention programs. Methods: From March to April 2025, 13 overweight or obese children and adolescents from one primary school and one secondary school in Nanjing were selected by purposive sampling for semi structured interviews. Guided by the capability, opportunity and motivation-behavior model, data were coded, categorized and analyzed using content analysis. Results: A total of 13 interviews were completed, with a cumulative duration of 358 minutes. Three themes and eight subthemes were identified:capability factors, including physical discomfort and limited physical fitness, weak exercise skills and insufficient behavioral regulation ability, and insufficient psychological capability; opportunity factors, including insufficient family support and negative influence, pressure from school and peer environments, and limited time resources and exercise conditions; and motivation factors, including low self efficacy and situations prone to giving up, and insufficient positive feedback and lack of attractiveness of exercise forms. Conclusions Barriers to physical activity among overweight and obese children and adolescents result from the combined effects of capability, opportunity and motivation. It is necessary to lower the threshold for initiating exercise, strengthen positive experiences and feedback, and build integrate family-school support environments to promote the initiation and maintenance of physical activity behaviors in children and adolescents.

High-throughput sequencing-based high-throughput screening （HTS²） technology， as a new advancement in the field of high-throughput biotechnology， is the world's first technology to integrate high-throughput sequencing into large-scale drug screening and target discovery. The artificially designed DNA probes were bound to the undetermined mRNAs of thousands of genes in cell lysates， and then the probes were ligated with ligases. The large-scale simultaneous detection of gene expression changes in thousands of drug-treated cell samples was performed using barcoding， automated operating platforms， and high-throughput sequencers. This technology enables high-throughput identification of drugs that significantly perturb the gene expression profiles characteristic of diseases. It can also take gene expression signature as the readout and exert great high-throughput advantages in the screening of multi-drug， multi-component， and multi-target drugs， as well as the research on complex mechanisms. Therefore， it is particularly suitable for elucidating the multi-target mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine and identifying its multi-effective components. Its main technical advantages include high throughput， automation， and low cost. In recent years， HTS² technology has yielded important achievements in the elucidation of the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine formulas， the scientific connotation analysis of the regional characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine， the targeted isolation of active compounds of traditional Chinese medicine， and the discovery of novel pharmacological functions of monomeric compounds of traditional Chinese medicine. In the era of artificial intelligence， HTS² technology will serve as a powerful tool for generating high-quality， original big data of traditional Chinese medicine， providing core data support and promoting AI-driven traditional Chinese medicine research. Ultimately， HTS² technology offers new strategies and critical data support for deeply analyzing the scientific connotation of traditional Chinese medicine and discovering novel traditional Chinese medicine-based drugs， thereby accelerating the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine in China.

BackgroundThe global prevalence of depressive disorders is high， with a significant treatment gap remaining. Escitalopram oxalate， as a commonly used antidepressant in clinical practice， has a single target and is prone to cause adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal discomfort. The traditional Mongolian medicine Zadi-5 pills has a multi-target anti-depression mechanism and unique advantages such as improving the intestinal flora. However， there is currently a lack of randomized controlled trial evidence for the combined treatment of first-episode depression， along with insufficient research on its metabolic safety and potential drug interactions. ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of Zadi-5 pills combined with escitalopram oxalate in the treatment of the first-episode depression， so as to provide references for Mongolian medicine in depression management. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 103 patients with first-episode depression who were treated in the outpatient or inpatient departments of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mental Health Center from January 2023 to December 2024 and met the diagnostic criteria for depressive episode as defined in International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） were included. Random numbers were generated using the RAND function in Excel software， and the patients were divided into the study group （n=52） and the control group （n=51）. Both groups received escitalopram oxalate treatment， starting from 5 mg/d and gradually increasing to 20 mg/d. The study group additionally received Zadi-5 pills， 13 pills per day. The treatment duration for both groups was 6 weeks. Before treatment and at the 2^nd， 4^th， and 6^th weeks of treatment， the severity of depressive symptoms was evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item （HAMD-24）. At these time points， blood was collected on an empty stomach at 7∶00 for the detection of liver function （aspartate aminotransferase， alanine aminotransferase）， triglycerides， and the blood concentration of escitalopram oxalate. ResultsA total of 100 patients completed the study， with 50 cases in the study group and the control group. The results of the repeated measures ANOVA showed that the interaction effect between group and time in the HAMD-24 score was statistically significant （F _interaction= 18.070， P<0.01）. At the end of the 4^th and 6^th weeks of treatment， the HAMD-24 score of the study group was lower than those of the control group （P<0.05）. At each time point after treatment， the reduction rate of the HAMD-24 score in the study group was higher than those of the control group， and the differences were all statistically significant （P<0.05）. The interaction effect between the triglyceride level groups and time was statistically significant （F_interaction=3.381， P<0.05）.After treatment， the triglyceride levels in the study group showed a downward trend， while those in the control group showed an upward trend. There was no statistically significant interaction effect between the groups and time for liver function （aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase） and the blood concentration of escitalopram oxalate （P>0.05）. ConclusionCompared with escitalopram oxalate treatment alone， the combination of Zadi-5 pills and escitalopram oxalate is more effective in treating the first-episode depression， without increasing the risk of liver damage. The combined medication may have a potential beneficial effect on lipid metabolism. ［Funded by Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Health Science and Technology Planning Project （number， 202202107）］

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which villin-like protein VILL (VILL) inhibits proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. METHODS: Co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) assay, mass spectrometry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and GST pull-down assay were employed to identify and confirm the protein interacting with VILL that had the highest abundance in NPC cell lines. Transgenic experiments were conducted in both NPC cell lines and nude mice to validate the regulatory role of VILL and its target protein in NPC proliferation. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to assess the correlation of the expression levels of VILL and its target protein in clinical tissue specimens of NPC with the clinical features of the patients. RESULTS: In NPC cell lines (HONE1 EBV and S18), VILL was found to interact most abundantly with the E3 ubiquitin ligase LMO7, and both proteins co-localized in the cytoplasm with direct interactions. Overexpression of LMO7 partially counteracted the inhibitory effect of VILL on NPC cell proliferation. The expression of VILL was significantly downregulated in 136 NPC tissue samples compared to 67 non-cancerous nasopharyngeal tissues (P<0.00001) with close correlation with clinical T stage (P=0.04), N stage (P=0.01), and M stage (P=0.013), whereas LMO7 was highly expressed in all the NPC tissues. CONCLUSIONS VILL overexpression inhibits NPC proliferation probably by suppressing the oncogenic function of LMO7.
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Humans ; LIM Domain Proteins/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Animals ; Mice ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Mice, Nude ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Carcinoma ; Female ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics* ; Male ; Middle Aged

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans ; Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Pulpitis/therapy* ; Pulpotomy/standards*

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective:To evaluate the clinical equivalence between a domestic calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment and the originator product in the treatment of stable plaque psoriasis.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group, active- and placebo-controlled study was conducted, and 449 patients aged 18 - 65 years with stable plaque psoriasis were enrolled from 25 hospitals (such as the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University). Eligible patients had a baseline physician's global assessment (PGA) score of ≥ 3 points, baseline body surface area (BSA) involvement of 5% - 30%, and a target lesion psoriasis area and severity index (TL-PASI) for plaque elevation of ≥ 3 points. Participants were randomly assigned in a 2:2:1 ratio to the test group ( n = 179), reference group ( n = 180), and placebo group ( n = 90), and applied the domestic calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment, originator product, and ointment base respectively, once daily in the evening for 4 weeks. Efficacy and safety were assessed at weeks 1, 2, and 4. The primary efficacy endpoints were the treatment success rates and clinical success rates in each group at week 4. The per-protocol set (PPS) was used for the primary efficacy analysis, and the intention-to-treat (ITT) set for supplementary efficacy analysis. Equivalence between the test and reference preparations was tested using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method adjusted for randomization strata. Superiority of the test and reference preparations over the placebo was also tested. Measurement data were compared among the 3 groups using analysis of variance or non-parametric tests, while treatment success rates, clinical success rates, and incidence rates of adverse reactions were compared using the chi-square test. Results:The ITT, PPS, and safety sets included 447, 420, and 448 patients, respectively. In the ITT set, patients were aged 43.6 ± 12.8 years, including 320 (71.6%) males and 127 (28.4%) females, and the disease duration was 11.21 ± 9.05 years; 316 (70.7%) had a PGA score of 3 points and 131 (29.3%) had a PGA score of 4 - 5 points. No significant differences in the baseline characteristics (including age, sex, disease duration and disease severity) were observed among the 3 groups (all P > 0.05). Based on the PPS analysis, the treatment success rates were 57.9% (99/171) in the test group, 50.3% (86/171) in the reference group, and 7.7% (6/78) in the placebo group, and the clinical success rates were 57.9% (99/171), 50.3% (86/171), and 10.3% (8/78), respectively; both the test and reference groups were superior to the placebo group in both treatment and clinical success rates (all P < 0.001) ; the rate differences for treatment success (90% confidence interval [ CI]: -1.3% - 16.4%) and clinical success (90% CI: -1.3% - 16.3%) between the test and reference groups were entirely within the pre-defined equivalence margin (-20% - 20%). Subgroup analyses by baseline PGA scores: for patients with a baseline PGA score of 3 points, the treatment success rates in the test, reference, and placebo groups were 60.8% (73/120), 52.1% (62/119), and 11.1% (6/54), respectively, and the corresponding clinical success rates were 61.7% (74/120), 53.8% (64/119), and 13% (7/54), respectively; the test and reference groups did not differ significantly in treatment or clinical success rates (both P > 0.05), but both showed higher success rates than the placebo group (all P < 0.001) ; the results of statistical comparisons among the 3 groups in patients with a baseline PGA score of 4 - 5 points were consistent with those observed in patients with a baseline PGA score of 3 points. The percentage reductions in PGA and TL-PASI scores from baseline to weeks 1, 2, and 4 showed significant differences among the 3 groups, which were significantly higher in the test and reference groups than in the placebo group (all P < 0.001), but did not differ between the test and reference groups (all P > 0.05). The primary adverse reactions were local skin reactions, such as pruritus, pain, and erythema. The incidence rates of adverse reactions were 8.9% (16/179) in the test group, 7.3% (13/179) in the reference group, and 7.8% (7/90) in the placebo group, with no significant difference among the 3 groups ( P > 0.05) . Conclusions:The domestic calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate ointment demonstrated clinical equivalence to the originator product in the treatment of stable plaque psoriasis, and the two agents exhibited comparable efficacy for patients with varying degrees of disease severity, and were comparable in the speed and degree of clinical improvement, with similar favorable safety profiles.