This study aims to investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on diabetic retinopathy through the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 pathway. The anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) targets of APS were identified through comprehensive searches of drug and disease-related databases. A protein-protein interaction network was then constructed, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.Molecular docking simulations were performed to evaluate the interactions of APS and metformin with Gli1 and AQP1. An in vivo T2DM rat model was established via streptozotocin (STZ) injection and treated with metformin and varying doses of APS for 12 weeks. Histological changes in retinal cells were assessed using H&E and PAS staining. The expression levels of AQP1, Gli1, and SHH in the retina were measured using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Additionally, mRNA expression of AQP1, Gli1, and SHH was quantified by RT-qPCR. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that Gli1 and AQP1, key components of the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway, may be associated with T2DM. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the STZ-induced T2DM rats exhibited significant retinal damage, which was notably mitigated by both APS and metformin treatments. Furthermore, the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway was found to be overactivated in STZ-induced T2DM rats. Treatment with APS and metformin significantly reduced the elevated expression levels of SHH, Gli1, and AQP1. APS effectively inhibits retinal damage of STZinduced T2DM rats by restraining the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway.

This study aims to investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on diabetic retinopathy through the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 pathway. The anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) targets of APS were identified through comprehensive searches of drug and disease-related databases. A protein-protein interaction network was then constructed, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.Molecular docking simulations were performed to evaluate the interactions of APS and metformin with Gli1 and AQP1. An in vivo T2DM rat model was established via streptozotocin (STZ) injection and treated with metformin and varying doses of APS for 12 weeks. Histological changes in retinal cells were assessed using H&E and PAS staining. The expression levels of AQP1, Gli1, and SHH in the retina were measured using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Additionally, mRNA expression of AQP1, Gli1, and SHH was quantified by RT-qPCR. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that Gli1 and AQP1, key components of the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway, may be associated with T2DM. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the STZ-induced T2DM rats exhibited significant retinal damage, which was notably mitigated by both APS and metformin treatments. Furthermore, the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway was found to be overactivated in STZ-induced T2DM rats. Treatment with APS and metformin significantly reduced the elevated expression levels of SHH, Gli1, and AQP1. APS effectively inhibits retinal damage of STZinduced T2DM rats by restraining the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway.

This study aims to investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on diabetic retinopathy through the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 pathway. The anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) targets of APS were identified through comprehensive searches of drug and disease-related databases. A protein-protein interaction network was then constructed, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.Molecular docking simulations were performed to evaluate the interactions of APS and metformin with Gli1 and AQP1. An in vivo T2DM rat model was established via streptozotocin (STZ) injection and treated with metformin and varying doses of APS for 12 weeks. Histological changes in retinal cells were assessed using H&E and PAS staining. The expression levels of AQP1, Gli1, and SHH in the retina were measured using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Additionally, mRNA expression of AQP1, Gli1, and SHH was quantified by RT-qPCR. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that Gli1 and AQP1, key components of the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway, may be associated with T2DM. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the STZ-induced T2DM rats exhibited significant retinal damage, which was notably mitigated by both APS and metformin treatments. Furthermore, the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway was found to be overactivated in STZ-induced T2DM rats. Treatment with APS and metformin significantly reduced the elevated expression levels of SHH, Gli1, and AQP1. APS effectively inhibits retinal damage of STZinduced T2DM rats by restraining the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway.

This study aims to investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on diabetic retinopathy through the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 pathway. The anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) targets of APS were identified through comprehensive searches of drug and disease-related databases. A protein-protein interaction network was then constructed, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.Molecular docking simulations were performed to evaluate the interactions of APS and metformin with Gli1 and AQP1. An in vivo T2DM rat model was established via streptozotocin (STZ) injection and treated with metformin and varying doses of APS for 12 weeks. Histological changes in retinal cells were assessed using H&E and PAS staining. The expression levels of AQP1, Gli1, and SHH in the retina were measured using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Additionally, mRNA expression of AQP1, Gli1, and SHH was quantified by RT-qPCR. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that Gli1 and AQP1, key components of the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway, may be associated with T2DM. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the STZ-induced T2DM rats exhibited significant retinal damage, which was notably mitigated by both APS and metformin treatments. Furthermore, the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway was found to be overactivated in STZ-induced T2DM rats. Treatment with APS and metformin significantly reduced the elevated expression levels of SHH, Gli1, and AQP1. APS effectively inhibits retinal damage of STZinduced T2DM rats by restraining the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway.

This study aims to investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on diabetic retinopathy through the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 pathway. The anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) targets of APS were identified through comprehensive searches of drug and disease-related databases. A protein-protein interaction network was then constructed, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.Molecular docking simulations were performed to evaluate the interactions of APS and metformin with Gli1 and AQP1. An in vivo T2DM rat model was established via streptozotocin (STZ) injection and treated with metformin and varying doses of APS for 12 weeks. Histological changes in retinal cells were assessed using H&E and PAS staining. The expression levels of AQP1, Gli1, and SHH in the retina were measured using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and ELISA. Additionally, mRNA expression of AQP1, Gli1, and SHH was quantified by RT-qPCR. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that Gli1 and AQP1, key components of the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway, may be associated with T2DM. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that the STZ-induced T2DM rats exhibited significant retinal damage, which was notably mitigated by both APS and metformin treatments. Furthermore, the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway was found to be overactivated in STZ-induced T2DM rats. Treatment with APS and metformin significantly reduced the elevated expression levels of SHH, Gli1, and AQP1. APS effectively inhibits retinal damage of STZinduced T2DM rats by restraining the SHH-Gli1-AQP1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To examine a nomogram model for individualized prediction of the risk for recurrence of early gastric cancer(EGC)in elderly patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD).Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study, with a total of 3 987 elderly EGC patients who underwent ESD treatment between January 2000 and December 2016 after admission to the gastroenterology department of our hospital.Twenty-eight relapsed patients with complete clinicopathological data and follow-up data were selected as the relapse group, and 276 non-relapsed patients were selected as the control group.General data of all patients were collected and a logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze independent risk factors for the recurrence of EGC in patients after ESD.A corresponding nomogram risk prediction model was established by using the R software.Results:Among the 3 987 elderly EGC patients, 29 relapsed after an average follow-up of 2.7 years, and the recurrence rate was 0.73%(29/3 987). The differences in baseline data such as age(≥75 years old), lesion size(≥3 mm), T stage and lymph node metastasis between the recurrence group and the control group were statistically significant(11 cases or 39.3% vs.171 cases or 62.0%, 19 cases or 67.9% vs.111 cases or 40.0%, 9 cases or 32.1% vs.153 cases or 55.4%, 19 cases or 67.9% vs.102 cases or 39.0%, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age over 75 years( OR=2.128, 95% CI: 1.373-3.624), T stage( OR=1.763, 95% CI: 1.079-2.934), lesion size≥3 mm( OR=2.604, 95% CI: 1.363-4.217), and lymph node metastasis( OR=2.871, 95% CI: 1.425-5.639)were independent risk factors for the recurrence after ESD in EGC patients( P<0.05). The nomogram model was established based on the above risk factors, and the validation results showed that the predicted value was basically the same as the actual measured value and had good predictive performance.The internal validation results showed that the consistency index was 0.817(95% CI: 0.722-0.941), suggesting that the model had a high accuracy and discrimination. Conclusions:Before ESD for elderly EGC patients is performed, factors such as age, tumor size, T stage and lymph node metastasis should be fully considered to comprehensively evaluate the recurrence rate of EGC after the procedure.This predictive model can improve the diagnostic efficacy of postoperative recurrence and has high clinical value.

Macrolide antibiotics are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics with the macrolide as core nucleus. Recently, antibiotic pollution has become an important environmental problem due to the irregular production and abuse of macrolide antibiotics. Microbial degradation is one of the most effective methods to deal with antibiotic pollution. This review summarizes the current status of environmental pollution caused by macrolide antibiotics, the degradation strains, the degradation enzymes, the degradation pathways and the microbial processes for degrading macrolide antibiotics. Moreover, the critical challenges on the biodegradation of macrolide antibiotics were also discussed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Macrolides

Objective: To study the impact of aging on pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis and exocrine hypofunction in patients with post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and its severity. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 786 patients who underwent ERCP at the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from June 2011 to April 2018. Patients who were aged over 75 years were grouped into the elderly group while those aged less than 75 years were grouped into the younger group. The incidences and severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis in the two groups were analyzed. Results: In the elderly group, there were 308 patients. The average age was (81.8±4.8) years. In the younger group, there were 478 patients. The average age was (57.7±12.0) years. The average operation time for the elderly group was (52.5±14.1) minutes, and that for the younger group was (50.7±14.9) minutes. There were no significant differences in operation time and in the related factors between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the rates of hyperamylasemia between the two groups (29.9% vs 30.1%, P>0.05). The overall rate of PEP was 11.3% (89/786). In the elderly group, the rate of PEP was 6.5% (20/308), which was significantly lower than that in the younger group (χ²=11.765, P<0.05). The rates of mild, moderate and severe PEP in the elderly group was significantly lower than those in the younger group (all P<0.05). Hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis in the 2 groups were alleviated after conservative treatment. Conclusions Aging (≥75 years) resulted in pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis, exocrine hypofunction which had a protective effect on PEP.

Objective: To explore the effects of vitamin D₃ on intestinal mucosal barrier of mice with severe burns. Methods: Forty-two C57BL/6C male mice aged eight to twelve weeks were divided into vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group of seven mice, vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group of fourteen mice, vitamin D₃+ sham injury group of seven mice, and vitamin D₃+ burn injury group of fourteen mice according to random number table. Mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group and vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group were injected with vehicle of vitamin D₃ at a dose of 0.1 mL intraperitoneally at 1, 24, and 48 h before burn experiment. Mice in vitamin D₃+ sham injury group and vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were injected with vitamin D₃ at a dose of 100 ng/kg dissolved in 0.1 mL vehicle intraperitoneally at the same time points. Mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group and vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were inflicted with 30% total body surface area full-thickness dermal scald (hereinafter referred to as burn) on the back by 98 ℃ hot water for 3 to 4 seconds. And mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group and vitamin D₃+ sham injury were treated with 37 ℃ water on the back for 3 to 4 seconds to simulate injury. Seven mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group and seven mice in vitamin D₃+ sham injury group at post injury hour (PIH) 24, and seven mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group and seven mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group at PIH 6 and 24 were sacrificed respectively to collect mesentery lymph nodes, spleens, livers, and intestinal tissue. The mesentery lymph nodes, spleens, and livers of mice in each group were collected to observe growth of bacteria, and number of bacteria was counted. Intestinal tissue of mice in each group was collected to detect protein expressions of zonal occludin 1 (ZO-1) and occludin by immunohistochemistry staining method, distribution of ZO-1 by immunofluorescence staining method, and expression of occludin by Western blotting. Data were processed with Kruskal-Wallis H test, Nemenyi test, one-way analysis of variance, t test, and Bonferroni correction. Results: (1) At PIH 6 and 24, bacterial counts of mesentery lymph nodes, livers, and spleens of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group were significantly higher than those of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group (P<0.05). At PIH 6, bacterial counts of livers and spleens of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were significantly lower than those of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group (P<0.05). At PIH 24, bacterial counts of mesentery lymph nodes and livers of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were significantly lower than those of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group (P<0.05). (2) At PIH 6 and 24, expressions of ZO-1 and occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group were significantly lower than those of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group, and expressions of ZO-1 and occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were close to those of mice in vitamin D₃+ sham injury group. At PIH 6 and 24, expressions of ZO-1 and occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were significantly higher than those of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group. (3) At PIH 6 and 24, compared with that of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group, distribution of ZO-1 of intestinal mucosal epithelium of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group was discontinuous. Distribution of ZO-1 of intestinal mucosal epithelium of mice in vitamin D₃+ sham injury group was normal, and the distribution of ZO-1 of intestinal mucosal epithelium of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group was with good continuity. (4) At PIH 6 and 24, expressions of occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group were 0.720±0.003, 0.638±0.052 respectively, significantly lower than 0.918±0.003 of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ sham injury group (t=57.33, 5.36, P<0.05). At PIH 6 and 24, expressions of occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group were 0.994±0.058, 1.064±0.060, close to 0.938±0.023 of mice in vitamin D₃+ sham injury group (t=0.91, 1.96, P>0.05). At PIH 6 and 24, expressions of occludin of intestinal tissue of mice in vitamin D₃ vehicle+ burn injury group were significantly lower than those of mice in vitamin D₃+ burn injury group (t=4.75, 5.35, P<0.05). Conclusions Intestinal bacterial translocation can occur in the early stage of severe burn. And vitamin D₃ plays a protective role in the intestinal mucosal barrier post severe burn to reduce the bacterial translocation by protecting tight junction proteins of intestinal epithelium.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application value of the Overlap method in digestive tract reconstruction of totally laparoscopic left colectomy(TLLC) and its potential advantage.

METHODSThe retrospective cohort study was adopted. Clinicopathological data of 16 patients with left colon cancer who underwent TLLC and Overlap anastomosis between August 2016 and August 2017 at Tangdu Hospital were retrospectively collected as Overlap group. Twenty-one patients who underwent laparoscopic assisted left colectomy (LALC) between January 2015 and July 2016 at Tangdu Hospital were used as control (traditional group). The intraoperative and postoperative data were compared between the two groups. During digestive tract reconstruction in the Overlap group, the proximal colon and distal colon were lined up side by side; a side-to-side anastomosis was conducted on colic band with a 60 mm linear stapler; and the common entry hole was closed using running suture. While in traditional group, the bowel was pulled out of abdominal wall through the assisted incision; the sample was resected and a proximal and distal end-to-end anastomosis was performed.

RESULTSIn Overlap group, 10 cases were male and 6 cases were female, with a mean age of (66.4±4.8) years and a BMI of (23.6±2.3) kg/m; the tumor located in distal transverse colon in 1 case, in splenic flexure in 2 cases, in descending colon in 4 cases, in upper sigmoid colon in 9 cases. TLLC was successfully completed in all the cases without conversion to laparotomy. In traditional group, 12 cases were male and 9 cases were female, with mean age of (65.9±5.8) years and BMI of (22.7±2.8) kg/m; the tumor located in the distal transverse colon in 1 case, in the splenic flexure in 3 cases, in the descending colon in 6 cases, in the upper sigmoid colon in 11 cases. No statistically significant differences in baseline data were found between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared to the traditional group, the total operation time was shorter [(143.4±11.1) minutes vs. (166.4±16.5) minutes, t=4.792, P=0.000], the anastomosis time was prolonged [(44.3±3.3) minutes vs. (22.4±3.0) minutes, t=-20.948, P=0.000], the amount of bleeding was reduced [(46.6±13.6) ml vs. (70.5±20.0) ml, t=4.106, P=0.000], and the incision length was shorter [(3.9±0.9) cm vs. (6.7±1.3) cm, t=7.056, P=0.000] in the Overlap group. There were no significant differences in lymph nodes harvested (17.3±2.9 vs. 15.5±3.0), time to flatus [(2.8±1.3) days vs. (2.6±1.0)days], postoperative complications [6.2%(1/16) vs. 9.5%(2/21)] and postoperative hospitalization [(4.6±1.4) days vs.(4.7±1.2) days] between the two groups (all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe Overlap reconstruction method in totally laparoscopic left colectomy is a safe and feasible procedure, and provides less injury and better cosmetic outcome of abdominal wall.

Aged ; Colectomy ; Colonic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome