The emergence of high virulent mutant strains of infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV)becomes a serious threat to the poultry industry.However,the live attenuated IBDV vaccine can potentially revert to a virulent strain.Therefore,it is a necessary to develop safe and effective IB-DV-associated vaccines.The construction of a recombinant Marek's disease(MD)vaccine strain,CVI988,expressing the IBDV VP2 protein,can protect against disease induced by both IBDV and Marek's disease virus(MDV).Here,the IBDV-VP2 gene was integrated into the UL55 locus of CVI988 by bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC)technique,resulting in the recombinant virus CVI988 BAC-VP2.The recombinant virus was characterized by PCR,IFA and subsequently the bi-ological properties of the recombinant virus were investigated.The results showed that the recom-binant virus CVI988 BAC-VP2 was successfully rescued.The VP2 protein stably expressed in chick-en embryo fibroblasts(CEF).The growth kinetics and plague size assays showed that there was comparable replication ability between recombinant virus and parental virus.This study provides the basis for the development of a low-cost vaccine against both IBDV and MDV infections.

Objective:To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture treatment on the integrity of myelin and the related molecules in the spinal dorsal horn of neuropathic pain model rat.Methods:Totally 32 SPF grade Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, pain model group, electroacupuncture group and sham electroacupuncture group, with 8 rats in each group. Neuropathic pain model was established by right sciatic nerve ligation. Electroacupuncture stimulation of Huantiao point and Yanglingquan point was started from 1 day after surgery, 30 min/d, and lasted for 14 days. The paw withdraw mechanical threshold (PWMT) were tested before surgery, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after surgery. Immunofluorescence was used to detect myelin basic protein (MBP) in the ipsilateral Ⅰ-Ⅲ laminae of spinal dorsal horn and Western blot was used to measure the expression of β-secreatase 1(BACE1), neuregulin 1 type Ⅲ (NRG1 Ⅲ) and phosphorylated ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (p-ErbB2) at 14 days after surgery.SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical analysis.Repeated measurement ANOVA was used for behavioral analysis and one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test was used for Western blot and immunofluorescence data analysis.Results:(1) The results of pain behaviors showed that the interaction effect of time and group on PWMT was significant ( F=29.817, P<0.001), and both the time main effect ( F=240.598, P<0.001) and group main effect ( F=304.291, P<0.001) were significant. There were no significant differences among 4 groups before surgery. Compared with pain model group, the PWMT of electroacupuncture group were significantly increased at 3 days ((16.87±1.82) g, (11.31±1.36) g), 7 days ((15.09±1.75) g, (10.33±0.73) g) and 14 days ((15.07±1.49) g, (9.87±0.98) g) after surgery (all P<0.01). (2)The difference of the intensity of MBP in the ipsilateral Ⅰ-Ⅲ laminae of spinal dorsal horn staining was significant among 4 groups ( F=92.06, P<0.001). Compared with sham group, the intensity of MBP staining in the ipsilateral Ⅰ-Ⅲ laminae of spinal dorsal horn in pain model group was significantly decreased ((13.26±1.90)%, (36.37±0.68)%) ( P<0.01) ). Compared with pain model group, the intensity of MBP staining in the ipsilateral Ⅰ-Ⅲ laminae of spinal dorsal horn in electroacupuncture group ((28.21±3.15)%) was significantly increased after electroacupuncture treatment ( P<0.01). (3) The differences of the expressions of BACE1, NRG1 Ⅲ and p-ErbB2 in the ipsilateral Ⅰ-Ⅲ laminae of spinal dorsal horn were significant among the 4 groups ( F=31.04, 21.20, 11.74, all P<0.01). Compared with sham group, the expressions of BACE1, NRG1 Ⅲ and p-ErbB2 in the ipsilateral Ⅰ-Ⅲ laminae of spinal dorsal horn in pain model group were significantly downregulated (BACE1 (0.42±0.09), (1.16±0.13); NRG1 Ⅲ (0.54±0.05), (1.00±0.10); p-ErbB2 (0.73±0.06), (1.02±0.15) ) (all P<0.05). Compared with pain model group, the expression of BACE1 (0.86±0.09), NRG1 Ⅲ (0.81±0.05) and p-ErbB2 (1.12±0.04) in the ipsilateral Ⅰ-Ⅲ laminae of spinal dorsal horn in electroacupuncture group were upregulated(all P<0.05). Conclusion:Electroacupuncture treatment could relieve neuropathic pain, improve the demyelination and upregulate the expressions of myelin-related proteins in the ipsilateral Ⅰ-Ⅲ laminae of spinal dorsal horn.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of transvaginal contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating benign from malignant endometrial lesions and assessing the extent of myometrial invasion. Methods: A total of 70 patients who underwent surgery for endometrial lesions at the authors’ hospital were selected. Transvaginal ultrasound examination and CEUS were performed for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the CEUS results, an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) disease grade was assigned and compared with pathological findings. Results: Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding is a key clinical manifestation of endometrial carcinoma. Among the patients with endometrial carcinoma, compared with normal myometrium, the lesion areas exhibited a greater rate of rise (defined as enhanced intensity divided by enhancement time) and a shorter half-clearance time (P<0.05). These findings suggest that in endometrial carcinoma, the contrast agent displays a "fast-in/fast-out/hyperenhancement" perfusion pattern. In contrast, the characteristic perfusion pattern for benign endometrial lesions is low enhancement (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of CEUS in detecting myometrial invasion was 88% (22 of 25 cases). Conclusion Transvaginal CEUS is a practical and effective diagnostic imaging method for distinguishing between benign and malignant endometrial lesions. It can also be used to evaluate the depth of myometrial invasion in patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of transvaginal contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating benign from malignant endometrial lesions and assessing the extent of myometrial invasion. Methods: A total of 70 patients who underwent surgery for endometrial lesions at the authors’ hospital were selected. Transvaginal ultrasound examination and CEUS were performed for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the CEUS results, an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) disease grade was assigned and compared with pathological findings. Results: Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding is a key clinical manifestation of endometrial carcinoma. Among the patients with endometrial carcinoma, compared with normal myometrium, the lesion areas exhibited a greater rate of rise (defined as enhanced intensity divided by enhancement time) and a shorter half-clearance time (P<0.05). These findings suggest that in endometrial carcinoma, the contrast agent displays a "fast-in/fast-out/hyperenhancement" perfusion pattern. In contrast, the characteristic perfusion pattern for benign endometrial lesions is low enhancement (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of CEUS in detecting myometrial invasion was 88% (22 of 25 cases). Conclusion Transvaginal CEUS is a practical and effective diagnostic imaging method for distinguishing between benign and malignant endometrial lesions. It can also be used to evaluate the depth of myometrial invasion in patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of transvaginal contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating benign from malignant endometrial lesions and assessing the extent of myometrial invasion. Methods: A total of 70 patients who underwent surgery for endometrial lesions at the authors’ hospital were selected. Transvaginal ultrasound examination and CEUS were performed for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the CEUS results, an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) disease grade was assigned and compared with pathological findings. Results: Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding is a key clinical manifestation of endometrial carcinoma. Among the patients with endometrial carcinoma, compared with normal myometrium, the lesion areas exhibited a greater rate of rise (defined as enhanced intensity divided by enhancement time) and a shorter half-clearance time (P<0.05). These findings suggest that in endometrial carcinoma, the contrast agent displays a "fast-in/fast-out/hyperenhancement" perfusion pattern. In contrast, the characteristic perfusion pattern for benign endometrial lesions is low enhancement (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of CEUS in detecting myometrial invasion was 88% (22 of 25 cases). Conclusion Transvaginal CEUS is a practical and effective diagnostic imaging method for distinguishing between benign and malignant endometrial lesions. It can also be used to evaluate the depth of myometrial invasion in patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF）， as a progressive lung disease， has a poor prognosis and no reliable and effective therapies. IPF is mainly treated by organ transplantation and administration of chemical drugs， which are ineffective and induce side effects， failing to meet the clinical needs. Therefore， developing safer and more effective drugs has become an urgent task， which necessitates clear understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF. The available studies about the pathogenesis of IPF mainly focus on macrophage polarization， epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）， oxidative stress， and autophagy， while few studies systematically explain the principles and links of the pathogeneses. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory， Qi deficiency and blood stasis and Qi-Yang deficiency are the key pathogeneses of IPF. Therefore， the Chinese medicines or compound prescriptions with the effects of replenishing Qi and activating blood， warming Yang and tonifying Qi， and eliminating stasis and resolving phlegm are often used to treat IPF. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that such medicines play a positive role in inhibiting macrophage polarization， restoring redox balance， inhibiting EMT， and regulating cell autophagy. However， few studies report how Chinese medicines regulate the pathways in the treatment of IPF. By reviewing the latest articles in this field， we elaborate on the pathogenesis of IPF and provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanism of the active ingredients or compound prescriptions of Chinese medicines in regulating IPF. Combining the pathogenesis of IPF with the modulating effects of Chinese medicines， we focus on exploring systemic treatment options for IPF， with a view to providing new ideas for the in-depth study of IPF and the research and development of related drugs.

Objective To explore the development and validation of a prediction model for severe communi-ty-acquired pneumonia in adults based on peripheral blood inflammatory indicators.Methods Venous blood samples of 204 community-acquired pneumonia in adults patients admitted to 7 hospitals in Chongqing area from April 2021 to August 2022 were collected to detect C-reactive protein(CRP),peripheral white blood cell count(WBC),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),cytokines,lymphocyte subgroups and neutrophil CD64 index.All of patients were divided into a training group and a validation group according to the time of admis-sion.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the data of the training group,the characteristic factors of severe progression for pneumonia were selected to construct the nomogram model,and the data of the validation group was used to verify the model.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,calibration curve and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to evaluate the prediction ability of the model for severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults.Results Logistic regression analysis showed that age,CRP,WBC,interleukin(IL)-4/interferon gamma ratio and IL-6/IL-10 ratio were independent risk factors for severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults.The area under the ROC curve of the nomogram model in the training group and the validation group was 0.893 and 0.880,respectively.The calibration curve and DCA results shown that the model had a good prediction effect for severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults.Conclusion The inflammatory indicators included in this model are simple and easy to obtain clinically.This model with good differentiation and accuracy,it can be used as a practical tool to predict severe community-ac-quired pneumonia in adults,and has certain clinical application value.

Objective To evaluate the noise hazard level of a coal mining enterprise, and identify high-risk operation types and people, and to provide a basis for preventing and controlling the health damage caused by noise. Methods A large coal mining enterprise in Shaanxi Province was selected as the research object. The noise monitoring data of the coal mine over the years was used to calculate the noise exposure matrix of each post in the enterprise, and the classification of occupational hazards at workplaces (GBZ/T 229.4-2012) was used to assess the occupational health risk levels. Results Among the 22 noise-exposed positions in the enterprise, the 8-hour working day equivalent sound level in positions of shearer driver, horseshoe driver, crusher driver, shuttle driver, relaxation screen driver, and grading screen driver were all higher than the occupational exposure limit of noise. In 2021, the noise exposure levels of shearer drivers, crusher drivers, and coal-selecting workers were all higher than 90 dB (A), and the occupational hazard level was moderate hazard level. In addition, the noise exposure levels of most other jobs also exceeded the occupational exposure limit. Conclusion The noise hazards in the coal mine industry are mainly concentrated in the posts of the coal mining system, tunneling system, and screening workshop. Among them, the shearer driver, the crusher driver, and the coal preparation workers have higher noise exposure levels. It is recommended to take corresponding noise reduction measures and strengthen the protection level to reduce the noise exposure risk of workers.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between hippocampal receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction of aged rats with chronic knee arthritis pain.Methods:Sixty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 18 months, weighing 500-550 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=16 each) using a random number table method: chronic knee arthritis pain group (group P), chronic knee arthritis pain+ operation group (group PS), RIPK1 inhibitor necrostatin-1+ chronic knee arthritis pain+ operation group (group NPS), and DMSO+ chronic knee arthritis pain+ operation group (group DPS). The knee arthritis model was prepared by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) 1 mg into the left knee joint, and 12 weeks later exploratory laparotomy was performed under sevoflurane anesthesia. Necrostatin-1 6.25 mg/kg and the equal volume of DMSO were intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before operation in NPS group and DPS group, respectively. Thermal pain threshold was measured at 1 week before MIA injection and 6 and 12 weeks after MIA injection. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the cognitive function at 7 days after surgery. Hippocampal tissues were obtained for microscopic examination of the pathological changes (after HE staining) and for determination of the expression of RIPK1, phosphorylated RIPK1 (p-RIPK1), NLRP3, activated cysteine-aspartic protease caspase-1 (cl-caspase-1), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) (by Western blot) and contents of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results:Thermal pain threshold was significantly decreased at 6 and 12 weeks after MIA injection as compared with that before injection ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in thermal pain threshold among the four groups ( P>0.05). Compared with P group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the expression of RIPK1, p-RIPK1, NLRP3, cl-caspase-1 and ASC was up-regulated, and the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 were increased ( P<0.05), and pathological changes of hippocampal neurons were marked in PS group, DPS group and NPS group. Compared with PS group and DPS group, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was increased, the expression of RIPK1, p-RIPK1, NLRP3, cl-caspase-1 and ASC was down-regulated, the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 were decreased ( P<0.05), and pathological changes of hippocampal neurons were significantly attenuated in NPS group. Conclusions:Postoperative hippocampal RIPK1 function is enhanced in aged rats with chronic knee arthritis pain, which then activates NLRP3 inflammasomes, triggering neuroinflammation, and this process may be involved in the mechanism of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction.

Hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disorder of exocrine pancreas caused by metabolism disturbances of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.Currently,hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis is characterized by an escalating incidence rate,a tendency for more severe cases,and a lack of therapeutic drugs.Traditional Chinese medicine has distinct advantages in treating this disease,but its theoretical framework has not yet been established.Hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis manifests itself as a febrile disease,aberrant accumulation of fat and turbidity may stem from dietary imbalances and visceral dysfunction in ordinary individuals.The prolonged accumulation of fat and turbidity can transform into turbid pathogen,subsequently engendering heat,constituting a pivotal pathogenic factor.Throughout the progression of the disease,the fiery pathogen consumes the fat and turbidity,resulting in the generation of toxic heat,which is a crucial mechanism in the exacerbation of the disease severity.Thus,this article posits therapeutic principles aimed at averting the transformation of fat and turbidity into turbid pathogen and counteracting toxic heat in this disease.This article reviews two key theories from traditional Chinese medicine classics relevant to hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis:the theory of fat-turbidity associated with hypertriglyceridemia and the febrile disease related to acute pancreatitis.Combining these traditional theories with modern research on the mechanisms that intensify hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis and the corresponding targets of traditional Chinese medicine,it suggests that the pathogenesis of"fat-turbidity-toxic heat"serves as the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine for the aggravated severity of hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis.The article aims to offer new insights for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis.