Objective To analyze the clinical significance of subjective visual vertical (SVV) tests at different head deflection angles in assessing utricle function in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods A total of 61 BPPV patients who were treated at the Hearing Impairment and Vertigo Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2022 to May 2023 were retrospectively included, and 29 healthy adults were selected as controls. SVV tests were performed on all research subjects at different head deflection angles: upright head (0°), left head 45° (L45°), right head 45° (R45°). The test results between the two groups were compared. Results SVV absolute value at R45° in BPPV group was lower than that in the control group (P＝0.003); there was no significant difference in SVV values at 0° and L45° between the two groups. There was no statistical difference in SVV values at different head deflection angles between the control group and the left BPPV group. SVV absolute value at R45° in right BPPV group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.001); there was no statistical difference in SVV values at 0° and L45° between the two groups. Conclusions SVV test can provide subjective information about the utricle, and SVV tests at different head deflection angles can fine-tune evaluate the function of the utricle in BPPV patients.

Objective:To investigate the longitudinal relationships among resilience, social support, and negative emotions in college students.Methods:Questionnaire surveys were administered to 1 739 college students from a university in Hebei Province born in the same year in November 2020 and November 2021 respectively, and 1 183 valid responses were finally obtained. The survey battery comprised the 11-item resilience scale, the social support questionnaire, and the 21-item depression anxiety stress scales. Cross-lagged panel analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.3 software. Mediating effects were tested via the Bootstrap method.Results:The scores of resilience, social support and negative emotion at T1 were 58 (51, 65), 57 (51, 66), and 3 (0, 10), respectively. The scores of resilience, social support and negative emotion at T2 were 59 (48, 66), 56 (44, 65), and 11 (1, 24), respectively. Resilience at T1 and T2 were significantly and positively correlated with social support at T1 and T2 ( r=0.66, 0.75, 0.40, 0.33, all P<0.01), while negatively correlated with negative emotion at T1 and T2( r=-0.45, -0.23, -0.26, -0.24, all P<0.01). Social support at T1 and T2 were negatively correlated with negative emotion at T1 and T2( r=-0.44, -0.28, -0.28, -0.28, all P<0.01). T1 resilience significantly and positively predicted T2 resilience ( β=0.35) and T2 social support ( β=0.15). T1 social support significantly and positively predicted T2 resilience ( β=0.07) and T2 social support ( β=0.35), while negatively predicted T2 negative emotion ( β=-0.15). T1 negative emotion significantly and negatively predicted T2 resilience ( β=-0.06) and T2 social support ( β=-0.07). The total effect of T1 resilience on T2 negative emotion was -0.35, and the mediating effect of T2 social support was -0.09, accounting for 25.71% of the total effect. Conclusion:T2 social support partially mediates the relationship between T1 resilience and T2 negative emotions.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of depression between self-efficacy and fear of progression in elderly patients with post-stroke epilepsy.Methods:From January 2023 to June 2024, 200 elderly patients with post-stroke epilepsy at Zhumadian Central Hospital were selected as study subjects using convenience sampling. The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale (SSEQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FOP-Q-SF) .Results:A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, and 198 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 99.00%. Among 198 elderly patients with post-stroke epilepsy, the SSEQ, PHQ-9, and FOP-Q-SF scores were (52.35±4.20), (13.46±1.57), and (35.70±2.10), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that SSEQ scores were negatively correlated with both PHQ-9 and FOP-Q-SF scores, while PHQ-9 scores were positively correlated with FOP-Q-SF scores ( P<0.01). Mediating analysis showed that depression partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and fear of progression in elderly patients with post-stroke epilepsy. The mediating effect was -0.046, with a total effect of -0.346, and the mediating effect accounted for 13.30% of the total effect. Conclusions:Depression partially mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and fear of progression in elderly patients with post-stroke epilepsy. Controlling depression not only helps enhance patients' self-efficacy but may also reduce their fear of progression.

Meniere's disease represents an idiopathic inner ear disorder characterized by endolymphatic hy-drops.Currently,the research methods for identifying genes associated with this disease mainly involve first-genera-tion sequencing and second-generation sequencing.This article reviews research on the genetic study of Meniere's disease,mainly summarizing the candidate genes with repeated pedigree validation in familial Meniere's disease,as well as those frequently reported in sporadic Meniere's disease.

Objective:To investigate the longitudinal relationships among resilience, social support, and negative emotions in college students.Methods:Questionnaire surveys were administered to 1 739 college students from a university in Hebei Province born in the same year in November 2020 and November 2021 respectively, and 1 183 valid responses were finally obtained. The survey battery comprised the 11-item resilience scale, the social support questionnaire, and the 21-item depression anxiety stress scales. Cross-lagged panel analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.3 software. Mediating effects were tested via the Bootstrap method.Results:The scores of resilience, social support and negative emotion at T1 were 58 (51, 65), 57 (51, 66), and 3 (0, 10), respectively. The scores of resilience, social support and negative emotion at T2 were 59 (48, 66), 56 (44, 65), and 11 (1, 24), respectively. Resilience at T1 and T2 were significantly and positively correlated with social support at T1 and T2 ( r=0.66, 0.75, 0.40, 0.33, all P<0.01), while negatively correlated with negative emotion at T1 and T2( r=-0.45, -0.23, -0.26, -0.24, all P<0.01). Social support at T1 and T2 were negatively correlated with negative emotion at T1 and T2( r=-0.44, -0.28, -0.28, -0.28, all P<0.01). T1 resilience significantly and positively predicted T2 resilience ( β=0.35) and T2 social support ( β=0.15). T1 social support significantly and positively predicted T2 resilience ( β=0.07) and T2 social support ( β=0.35), while negatively predicted T2 negative emotion ( β=-0.15). T1 negative emotion significantly and negatively predicted T2 resilience ( β=-0.06) and T2 social support ( β=-0.07). The total effect of T1 resilience on T2 negative emotion was -0.35, and the mediating effect of T2 social support was -0.09, accounting for 25.71% of the total effect. Conclusion:T2 social support partially mediates the relationship between T1 resilience and T2 negative emotions.

This study aims to prepare nanobodies for the epitopes of spike protein(S)of porcine ep-idemic diarrhea virus(PEDV),and verify its reactivity.The expression vector pCZN1-SN was con-structed by the prokaryotic expression system,and SN fragment was expressed in prokaryotic ex-pression and purified by Ni-NTA chromatography column.The SN nanobodies were displayed u-sing phage display technology and screened from the natural nanobody library.The results showed that SN fragments with a size of 26 kDa were obtained by prokaryotic induction,and the specific nanobodies were obtained through three rounds screening by phage display technology.One strain with the best reactivity was selected for prokaryotic expression and purified.The nanobodies were obtained with a size of 14 kDa by Western blot and demonstrated to have a good binding ability to PEDV SN protein.In summary,nanobodies with epitope fragments of PEDV S protein were suc-cessfully screened and prepared based on the phage display technology,which provided a new way for the in-depth application of nanobodies.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of depression between self-efficacy and fear of progression in elderly patients with post-stroke epilepsy.Methods:From January 2023 to June 2024, 200 elderly patients with post-stroke epilepsy at Zhumadian Central Hospital were selected as study subjects using convenience sampling. The survey was conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale (SSEQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FOP-Q-SF) .Results:A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, and 198 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 99.00%. Among 198 elderly patients with post-stroke epilepsy, the SSEQ, PHQ-9, and FOP-Q-SF scores were (52.35±4.20), (13.46±1.57), and (35.70±2.10), respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that SSEQ scores were negatively correlated with both PHQ-9 and FOP-Q-SF scores, while PHQ-9 scores were positively correlated with FOP-Q-SF scores ( P<0.01). Mediating analysis showed that depression partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and fear of progression in elderly patients with post-stroke epilepsy. The mediating effect was -0.046, with a total effect of -0.346, and the mediating effect accounted for 13.30% of the total effect. Conclusions:Depression partially mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and fear of progression in elderly patients with post-stroke epilepsy. Controlling depression not only helps enhance patients' self-efficacy but may also reduce their fear of progression.

Objective:To investigate the expression of the proinflammatory factor IL-18-mediated NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3/nuclear factor κB(NLRP3/NF-κB)signaling pathway in penile tissues of rats with high-fat diet-in-duced erectile dysfunction(ED),and to explore the intervention effect of sildenafil.Methods:Fifty-five sexually normal male SD rats were randomly divided into 10 cases as the normal control group,and the rest of the rats were fed with high-fat chow to establish the ED rat model,and the successfully screened ED rats were randomly divided into the ED group,the Sil group,the IL-18 group,and the IL-18+Sil group,with 8 rats in each group.Following 14 days of nonstop treatment,the morphological alterations in the penile tis-sue were observed by HE staining.Using immunohistochemistry,the amount and distribution of NF-κB p65 and Adropin in penile tis-sues were found.RT-qPCR was used to identify the expression of NLRP3 and NF-κB p65 mRNA in penile tissues.Western blot exami-nation showed the expression of the proteins NLRP3,pro-IL-18,p-NF-κB p65,NF-κB p65,and Adropin in penile tissues.Results:The ED group showed altered penis tissue morphology,destroyed muscle fibers,enlarged sinus cavity,increased mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and pro-IL-18(all P<0.05),and decreased Adropin protein expression(P<0.05).While the protein expression of Adropin was increased(P<0.05),the mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and pro-IL-18 in the penis tissues were decreased(all P<0.05)when compared to the ED group.The muscle fibers and sinus cav-ities of the penis were recovered to varying degrees in the Sil group.The IL-18 group experienced the destruction of muscle fibers,an enlargement of the sinus cavity,an increase in the mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and pro-IL-18 in the penile tissues(all P<0.05),as well as a decrease in the protein expression of Adropin(P<0.05).The rat penile tissues in the IL-18+Sil group showed variable degrees of recovery in the muscle fibers and sinus cavities when compared to the IL-18 group.Ad-ditionally,there was a drop(all P<0.05)in the expressions of NLRP3,pro-IL-18 m RNA and protein,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65,and p-NF-κB p65 in the penile tissues.The expression of the Adropin protein was elevated(P<0.05).Conclusion:Significant changes have been observed in the NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway,which is regulated by IL-18,in the hyperlipidemia ED rat model.In ED rats,sildenafil can increase erectile function by promoting the production of Adropin and blocking the activation of this pathway.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and pathological significance of the DICER1 mutation in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC).Methods:Sixty-eight cases of primary FTC resected between 2009 and 2023 were retrieved from The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. Sanger sequencing was performed to identify DICER1 and TERT promoter mutations in all cases. Cases with DICER1 or TERT promoter mutations were subject to additional examination of potential mutations in KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS. The clinical and pathological features of DICER1-mutant FTCs were then analyzed. The relationship between DICER1 mutations and TERT-promoter/RAS mutations was also assessed.Results:DICER1 mutations were detected in 16 of the 68 FTC cases (23.5%), with 11 near E1813 at exon 25, 6 near D1709 at exon 24, and 1 in the splice region of exon 25. Two cases harbored two (distinct) mutations. All patients with DICER1-mutant FTC were female. Compared with patients with DICER1-wild-type FTC, those with DICER1-mutant were much younger, and had a higher proportion of minimally invasive subtype. Nine FTCs with DICER1 mutations were subject to further sequencing on adjacent non-cancerous tissues or lymph node tissues, but no mutations were detected. TERT-promoter or RAS hotspot mutations were not identified in any of the DICER1-mutant cases. However, TERT-promoter mutation was found in 6 DICER1-wild-type cases (8.8%, 6/68), with 3 cases also having RAS hotspot mutations and exhibiting highly aggressive biological behaviors.Conclusion:DICER1 mutations may occur in FTCs and appear mutually exclusive with RAS and TERT-promoter mutations, warranting further study as RAS-like mutations.

Sennoside A(SA),a typical prodrug,exerts its laxative effect only after its transformation into rhei-nanthrone catalyzed by gut microbial hydrolases and reductases.Hydrolases have been identified,but reductases remain unknown.By linking a photoreactive group to the SA scaffold,we synthesized a photoaffinity probe to covalently label SA reductases and identified SA reductases using activity-based protein profiling(ABPP).From lysates of an active strain,Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum(B.pseu-docatenulatum),397 proteins were enriched and subsequently identified using mass spectrometry(MS).Among these proteins,chromate reductase/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)phosphate(NADPH)-dependent flavin mononucleotide(FMN)reductase/oxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase(nfrA)was identified as a potent SA reductase through further bioinformatic analysis and The Universal Protein Resource(UniProt)database screening.We also determined that recombinant nfrA could reduce SA.Our study contributes to further illuminating mechanisms of SA transformation to rheinanthrone and simultaneously offers an effective method to identify gut bacterial reductases.