Objective: To prospectively evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of multiparameter MRI-guided percutaneous biopsy using a 1T open MRI scanner for evaluating suspicious centrally located lung lesions with associated post-obstructive atelectasis. Materials and Methods: In this single-center study, MRI-guided percutaneous coaxial cutting biopsy was performed for 107 suspicious central lung lesions with associated post-obstructive atelectasis in 107 patients between July 2015 and December 2020. A fast T2-weighted imaging (T2WI)-turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence and an enhanced fast T1-weighted imaging (T1WI)-TSE sequence were used to identify, localize, and biopsy lung lesions, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was used as a supplementary sequence for identifying the lesion location. The final diagnosis was confirmed by surgical histopathology or clinical follow-up for a minimum of 24 months. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosing lung malignancies were calculated, and the complications were recorded for each case. Results: Using multiparameter MRI, central lung lesions could be clearly distinguished from post-obstructive atelectasis in 96 patients (89.7%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI-guided percutaneous biopsy for diagnosing lung malignancy was 97.0% (98/101), 100% (6/6), and 97.2% (104/107), respectively. Self-limited hemoptysis occurred in three patients. Pneumothorax occurred in five patients, of which none required pleural drainage. No serious procedure-related complications were observed. Conclusion As a technology that does not involve ionizing radiation, multiparameter MRI-guided percutaneous coaxial cutting biopsy is a safe and accurate diagnostic technique for evaluating centrally located lung lesions associated with post-obstructive atelectasis.

Objective To detect the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA),FoxP3,and CD4 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and to analyze the effect of bufalin on LDHA as well as on the differentiation and function of regulatory T(Treg)cells in the tumor microenvironment of HCC mice.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the difference in the expression of LDHA,FoxP3(Treg cell marker),and CD4 between the tumor and adjacent tissues from 91 HCC patients.Hepl-6 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse model was established.The mice were randomly divided into control,bufalin+pyruvic acid,oxalate,and bufalin groups(n=5 each group).The mass and volume of subcutaneous tumors were compared.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of LDHA,FoxP3,and CD4 in tumors of mice in each group.ELISA was used to detect the levels of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β)and interleukin-10(IL-10)in the serum of mice in each group to evaluate the immune function of Treg cells.Results Compared with adjacent tissues,HCC tissues exhibited significantly higher LDHA and FoxP3 expression and lower CD4 expression(P＜0.001).The results of the correlation analysis showed that LDHA was positively correlated with FoxP3 expression and negatively correlated with CD4 expression(P＜0.05).The experimental results of Hep1-6 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice showed that the tumor volume was significantly smaller in the bufalin and oxalate groups than in the control group and was significantly larger in the bufalin+pyruvic acid group than in the bufalin group(P＜0.001).The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression levels of LDHA and the percentage of FoxP3+cells in the bufalin and oxalate groups were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the percentage of CD4+cells in the bufalin group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.001).The expres-sion level of LDHA and the percentage of FoxP3+cells in the bufalin+pyruvic acid group were significantly higher than those in the bufalin group,while the percentage of CD4+cells was significantly lower than that in the bufalin group(P＜0.001).The results of ELISA showed that the levels of TGF-β and IL-10 in the bufalin and oxalate groups were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.001).Conclusion Bufalin inhibits cell growth,downregulates LDHA expression,and suppresses the differentiation and proliferation of Treg cells in HCC mice.

A Salmonella bacteriophage,PJN025,was isolated from wastewater and characterized for its biological properties,including whole-genome sequencing and assessment of therapeutic poten-tial in animal infection models.Transmission electron microscopy classified it within the Caudovi-ricetes family.PJN025 selectively lysed S.typhimurium and S.enteritidis with an incubation period of approximately 10 min,a burst time of 80 min,and an average burst size of approximately 132 PFU/cell,demonstrating effective bactericidal activity.The phage showed robust stability at temperatures ranging from 30 to 70 ℃ and pH levels from 3 to 12.Whole-genome sequencing re-vealed a complete genome length of 46 478 bp with a G+C content of 45.9％,consisting of 82 open reading frames and one tRNA.No known virulence or resistance genes were found.In Galleria mellonella infection model,a survival rate of 70％was achieved with a preventative dose of 1 × 108 PFU/mL PJN025,compared to a 5％survival rate in the positive control group after 48 h of bacterial challenge.In SPF mice infected with S.typhimurium via intraperitoneal injection,all mices in the positive control group died within five days.However,in the co-infection group treated with 1×108 PFU/mL PJN025,a promising survival rate of 60％was observed.This study showed that the bacteriophage PJN025 had strong specificity,high lytic efficiency,good acid and alkali tol-erance,strong heat resistance,and good safety and prevention effects,providing materials and ex-perimental basis for the development of subsequent phage products.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR(mHLA-DR),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),and CD4+T lymphocytes in sepsis.Methods A total of 29 patients with sepsis who were admitted to the department of critical care medicine of Qingdao Municipal Hospital from December 2023 to September 2024 were collected as the study subjects,and the patients were divided into survival group(20 cases)and death group(9 cases)according to the 28-day prognosis.Baseline data were collected from patients at the time of admission[including gender,age,acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)score,sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA),white blood cell count(WBC),NLR,hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count(PLT),C-reactive protein(CRP),total protein(TP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatinine(Cr),CD4+T lymphocyte count]and the mHLA-DR expression rate on the 1st,3rd,and 7th days of admission,and the difference between the mHLA-DR expression rate on the 3rd,7th and 1st days of admission and the 1st day of admission was calculated,which was recorded as ΔH3 and ΔH7.The receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC curve)was used to evaluate the predictive value of mHLA-DR expression,NLR,CD4+T lymphocyte count,SOFA score and APACHEⅡscore on the 28-day mortality risk of sepsis.Results Compared with the survival group,the APACHEⅡscore,SOFA score and NLR in the death group were significantly increased,and the ΔH7 and CD4+T lymphocyte counts were significantly decreased(all P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that ΔH7,NLR,CD4+T lymphocyte count,SOFA score and APACHEⅡscore were predictive of the 28-day prognosis of sepsis patients,and area under the curve(AUC)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were 0.817(0.635-0.999),0.789(0.611-0.966),0.786(0.588-0.985),and 0.853(0.685-1.000),0.844(0.659-1.000),all P<0.05.The combined detection of ΔH7 combined with NLR,ΔH7 combined with CD4+T lymphocytes,NLR combined with CD4+T lymphocytes,and ΔH7,NLR,and CD4+T lymphocytes also had predictive value for the 28-day prognosis of sepsis patients,with AUC and 95%CI of 0.867(0.735-0.998),0.878(0.752-1.000),0.883(0.760-1.000),and 0.928(0.837-1.000),respectively,all P<0.05.Conclusion The NLR and CD4+T lymphocyte count on the first day of admission to the hospital could predict the prognosis of sepsis patients,and the dynamic monitoring of mHLA-DR expression level in sepsis patients could also predict the prognosis of sepsis patients,but a single measurement of mHLA-DR expression level within 7 days was meaningless.In terms of single indicators,ΔH7 had the best predictor of the prognosis of sepsis patients among the 3 indicators of ΔH7,NLR and CD4+T lymphocyte count,and the combined detection of the 3 indicators was more advantageous in the prognosis of sepsis patients.

Objective This study sought to establish a diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)mouse model by gavage different mass concentrations sennae folium combined with chronic restraint stress,and to determine the appropriate mass concentration of sennae folium to establish IBS-D mouse model.Methods The mass concentration of sennae folium used for the IBS-D mouse model followed suggested amounts in the literature and on that basis,the mass concentration gradient was established prior to conducting the experiment.Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into a normal group(Group N),a low-dose group(Group L;0.25 g/mL sennae solution),a medium-dose group(Group M;0.50 g/mL sennae solution),and a high-dose group(Group H;1.0 g/mL sennae solution),with 10 mice per group.After 14 days,the defecation,diarrhea index,visceral sensitivity,and morphological changes in the colonic tissue in each group were observed and recorded to compare the differences among models established with varying mass concentrations of sennae folium.Results Compared with Group N(42.90±11.90)%,Group L(80.30±5.77)%,Group M(80.50±3.44)%,and Group H(81.90±2.68)%had significantly higher 6 h fecal water content(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.00±0.00),the diarrhea index of mice in Group L(0.57±0.16),Group M(0.62±0.23),and Group H(0.60,0.23)also increased significantly(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.65(0.60,0.65)),Group M(0.32(0.24,0.39))and Group H(0.34(0.27,0.47))had significantly lower visceral pain threshold and higher visceral sensitivity(P＜0.01).Additionally,the first blue stool time in Group M(98.15(93.41,100.44)min)was significantly shorter than that in Group N(186.81(109.28,192.05)min)(P＜0.01),and the total number of stools in Group M(22.4±3.73)was significantly higher than that in Group N(17.90±4.48)(P＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with 0.25 and 1.0 g/mL,0.50 g/mL sennae folium gavage,combined with chronic restraint stress,can better simulate the clinical symptoms of IBS-D.

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a complex etiology involving multiple interacting factors.Accumulating evidence in recent years has indicated that intestinal barrier dysfunction may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IBS.This review systematically ex-amines the impact of intestinal barrier dysfunction on IBS,analyzing its associations with the mechanical,im-mune,chemical,and microbial components of the gut barrier,as well as current clinical treatment approaches.Moreover,this paper highlights the potential of intestinal barrier repair mechanisms as therapeutic targets,which may provide novel insights and directions for understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and de-veloping effective interventions for IBS.

Objective To detect the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA),FoxP3,and CD4 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and to analyze the effect of bufalin on LDHA as well as on the differentiation and function of regulatory T(Treg)cells in the tumor microenvironment of HCC mice.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the difference in the expression of LDHA,FoxP3(Treg cell marker),and CD4 between the tumor and adjacent tissues from 91 HCC patients.Hepl-6 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse model was established.The mice were randomly divided into control,bufalin+pyruvic acid,oxalate,and bufalin groups(n=5 each group).The mass and volume of subcutaneous tumors were compared.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of LDHA,FoxP3,and CD4 in tumors of mice in each group.ELISA was used to detect the levels of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β)and interleukin-10(IL-10)in the serum of mice in each group to evaluate the immune function of Treg cells.Results Compared with adjacent tissues,HCC tissues exhibited significantly higher LDHA and FoxP3 expression and lower CD4 expression(P＜0.001).The results of the correlation analysis showed that LDHA was positively correlated with FoxP3 expression and negatively correlated with CD4 expression(P＜0.05).The experimental results of Hep1-6 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice showed that the tumor volume was significantly smaller in the bufalin and oxalate groups than in the control group and was significantly larger in the bufalin+pyruvic acid group than in the bufalin group(P＜0.001).The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression levels of LDHA and the percentage of FoxP3+cells in the bufalin and oxalate groups were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the percentage of CD4+cells in the bufalin group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.001).The expres-sion level of LDHA and the percentage of FoxP3+cells in the bufalin+pyruvic acid group were significantly higher than those in the bufalin group,while the percentage of CD4+cells was significantly lower than that in the bufalin group(P＜0.001).The results of ELISA showed that the levels of TGF-β and IL-10 in the bufalin and oxalate groups were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.001).Conclusion Bufalin inhibits cell growth,downregulates LDHA expression,and suppresses the differentiation and proliferation of Treg cells in HCC mice.

Objective:To explore the value of blood lactic acid (BLA), procalcitonin (PCT), and total bilirubin (TBil) in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of patients with trauma complicated with sepsis.Methods:The clinical data of 151 patients with severe trauma admitted to the Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from July 2019 to August 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into the sepsis group (72 cases) and non-sepsis group (79 cases) according to the diagnosis. They were further divided into the death group (37 cases) and non-death group (114 cases) based on clinical outcomes. Clinical data were compared between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of the above indicators, and Spearman correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between the indicators.Results:The levels of BLA, PCT, TBil, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in the sepsis group were higher than those in the non-sepsis group (all P<0.05). The mortality rate of the sepsis group was significantly higher than that of the non-sepsis group, with a statistically significant difference [26/72(36.11%) vs 11/79(13.92%), χ 2=10.024, P=0.002]. The levels of BLA, PCT, TBil, and SOFA score in the death group were higher than those in the non-death group (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) of BLA, PCT, TBil, and their combination for diagnosing sepsis were 0.745, 0.826, 0.753, and 0.889 respectively; the sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis of sepsis were 87.5% and 72.2%. The AUCs of BLA, PCT, TBil, and their combination for predicting the prognosis of sepsis were 0.644, 0.697, 0.614, and 0.713 respectively; the sensitivity and specificity of the combined prediction of sepsis prognosis were 64.9% and 71.1%. Among the 151 patients, the levels of BLA, PCT, TBil were positively correlated with SOFA score, with statistically significant differences ( r=0.3871, 0.4399, 0.4851, all P<0.001). Conclusions:BLA, PCT, and TBil levels have certain value in the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of patients with sepsis. The combined evaluation has the best efficacy and high guiding value in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of phthalic acid esters(PAEs)on the expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)in HepG2 cells,and to construct an HO-1-based three-dimensional quantita-tive structure-activity relationship(3D-QSAR)model.METHODS ① HepG2 cells were treated with seven types of PAEs:di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP),di-n-octyl phthalate(DnOP),dimethyl phthalate(DMP),diethyl phthalate(DEP),dihexyl phthalate(DHXP),dimethylglycol phthalate(DMEP),and dibutyl phthalate(DBP),at final concentrations of 0(DMSO,solvent control),0.062 5,0.125,0.25,0.5 and 1 mmol·L-1(n=6)for 48 h at 37℃.The expression level of HO-1 was measured by Western blotting.② A 3D-QSAR model was constructed using comparative molecular similarity indices analysis(CoMSIA)based on the measured HO-1 levels.The applicability domain(AD)of the model was evaluated using the leverage method.Model fitting quality and predictive ability were evaluated via the KNIME Enalos+node to verify model stability.Additionally,molecular docking was performed to validate the binding interactions between PAEs and HO-1.RESULTS ① Compared with the solvent control group,48 h of exposure to 0.062 5 mmol·L-1 PAEs(DMP,DMEP,DEHP,DnOP and DEP)significantly increased HO-1 protein expressions,while 1 mmol·L-1 PAEs(DMP,DBP,DnOP,DEP and DHXP)significantly suppressed HO-1 expressions.② The 3D-QSAR model showed a non-cross-validated coefficient(R2)of 0.996 and a cross-validated coefficient(Q2)of 0.548.All the seven PAEs in the 3D-QSAR model were within the applicability domain(AD)and passed external validation.Molecular docking results indi-cated that DBP,DnOP,DEHP and DHXP exhibited stronger binding affinities to HO-1.CONCLUSION Forty-eight hours of exposure of HepG2 cells to 1 mmol·L-1 PAEs can significantly suppress HO-1 expres-sions.The 3D-QSAR model established in this study provides a potential tool for predicting the HO-1-related toxic effects of novel PAEs.

Objective This study sought to establish a diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)mouse model by gavage different mass concentrations sennae folium combined with chronic restraint stress,and to determine the appropriate mass concentration of sennae folium to establish IBS-D mouse model.Methods The mass concentration of sennae folium used for the IBS-D mouse model followed suggested amounts in the literature and on that basis,the mass concentration gradient was established prior to conducting the experiment.Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into a normal group(Group N),a low-dose group(Group L;0.25 g/mL sennae solution),a medium-dose group(Group M;0.50 g/mL sennae solution),and a high-dose group(Group H;1.0 g/mL sennae solution),with 10 mice per group.After 14 days,the defecation,diarrhea index,visceral sensitivity,and morphological changes in the colonic tissue in each group were observed and recorded to compare the differences among models established with varying mass concentrations of sennae folium.Results Compared with Group N(42.90±11.90)%,Group L(80.30±5.77)%,Group M(80.50±3.44)%,and Group H(81.90±2.68)%had significantly higher 6 h fecal water content(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.00±0.00),the diarrhea index of mice in Group L(0.57±0.16),Group M(0.62±0.23),and Group H(0.60,0.23)also increased significantly(P＜0.01).Compared with Group N(0.65(0.60,0.65)),Group M(0.32(0.24,0.39))and Group H(0.34(0.27,0.47))had significantly lower visceral pain threshold and higher visceral sensitivity(P＜0.01).Additionally,the first blue stool time in Group M(98.15(93.41,100.44)min)was significantly shorter than that in Group N(186.81(109.28,192.05)min)(P＜0.01),and the total number of stools in Group M(22.4±3.73)was significantly higher than that in Group N(17.90±4.48)(P＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with 0.25 and 1.0 g/mL,0.50 g/mL sennae folium gavage,combined with chronic restraint stress,can better simulate the clinical symptoms of IBS-D.