Objective To investigate the effects of Zhuang medicinal thread moxibustion on apoptosis of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)in gastric smooth muscle of diabetic gastroparesis(DGP)rats via regulation of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.Methods Totally 60 rats were randomly divided into a blank group(10 rats)and a modeling group(50 rats).DGP models were established in the modeling group via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.50 successfully modeled rats were further randomized into model group,Western medication group,prevention+treatment group,prevention group and treatment group,with 10 rats in each group.The Western medication group was administered mosapride citrate by gavage for 3 weeks starting at week 10;the prevention+treatment group underwent Zhuang medicinal thread moxibustion("Zhongwan",bilateral"Neiguan"and"Zusanli")intervention for 6 weeks starting at week 7;the prevention group received Zhuang medicinal thread moxibustion for 3 weeks starting at week 7;and the treatment group received Zhuang medicinal thread moxibustion for 3 weeks starting at week 10,3 cones per point,once a day;the blank group and model group received handling only.The random blood glucose and body mass of rats were detected,and the gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate were calculated.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of gastric smooth muscle tissue,TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of gastric smooth muscle tissue,ELISA was used to detect the contents of Caspase-3,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in gastric smooth muscle tissue,immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expressions of Cx43 and c-kit in gastric smooth muscle tissue,Western blot was used to detect the expressions of p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK,BAX and Bcl-2 protein in gastric smooth muscle tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the random blood glucose significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01),and the body mass,gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate significantly decreased(P<0.01),the blood vessels of gastric tissue were not clear,the surface was not smooth,the mucosal folds were less,the arrangement of gastric smooth muscle cells was disordered,the nuclear membrane was not clear,and there were vacuole like changes between cells,the apoptosis rate significantly increased(P<0.01),the contents of Caspase-3,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and the protein expressions of p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK and BAX in gastric smooth muscle tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),and the positive expressions of Cx43,c-kit,the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/BAX ratio significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the random blood glucose of rats in each intervention group decreased,and the body mass,gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate increased(P<0.01),the blood vessels of gastric tissue were clear,the inner surface of stomach was smooth,the mucosal folds were not rich,no ulcer was found,the shape of gastric smooth muscle cells was complete,the nuclear membrane was clear,and the arrangement of muscle cells was regular,the apoptosis rate significantly decreased(P<0.01),the contents of Caspase-3,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and the expressions of p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK,BAX protein in gastric smooth muscle tissue decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the positive expressions of Cx43,c-kit,the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/BAX ratio increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The overall effect of the prevention+treatment group was better than that of the Western medication group,prevention group and treatment group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Zhuang medicinal thread moxibustion may reduce gastric inflammation and ICC apoptosis in DGP rats by inhibiting p38MAPK signaling pathway,so as to improve DGP gastric motility disorder,and the effect of early intervention is more significant.

Objective:To identify the change trajectory of intrinsic capacity in people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai and explore the impact of intrinsic capacity trajectory change on overall function and dalily life activities in this population.Methods:The longitudinal data from round 1 to 3 Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health in Shanghai were used. The total intrinsic ability scores from five dimensions of cognition, psychology, sensory, vitality and locomotion were calculated. The censored normal model of group-based trajectory was used to identify the trajectory of intrinsic capacity change over time. Linear regression model and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyse the effects of different levels intrinsic capacity trajectory on the scores of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), the activity of daily living (ADL) and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).Results:A total of 2 302 study participants aged ≥50 years with 3 round complete data were included in this study, and 3 levels of intrinsic capacity trajectory were identified, low-level trajectory (9.3%), medium-level trajectory (41.7%), and high-level trajectory (49.0%). Compared with the high-level group, the medium-level and low-level groups had higher WHODAS scores, which increased by 3.578 (95% CI: 2.028-5.129) and 12.620 (95% CI: 9.951-15.289), respectively, and those with more severe disability and those in the low-level group were at higher risk for severe difficulty in ADLs ( OR=12.450, 95% CI: 4.310-35.966) and IADLs ( OR=5.479, 95% CI: 1.311-22.904). Conclusions:Heterogeneity in trajectory of intrinsic capacity exists in people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai. Middle-aged and elderly people with low initial level and rapid decline trajectory of intrinsic capacity are at greater risk for the decline of daily life ability and the increase of disability. It is necessary to strengthen the long-term dynamic monitoring and evaluation of the change trajectory of intrinsic capacity in this population.

This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of various host nucleic acid removal and non-specific amplifica-tion techniques in animal tissue samples,to increase the accuracy of pathogen identification in tissue samples.Simulated samples were prepared with a mixture of mouse lung tissue homogenates and Klebsiella pneumoniae fluids,and processed with six host nucleic acid removal kits and three non-specific amplification techniques.The effectiveness of each method in removing host DNA and enriching nucleic acids of pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated through real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and high-throughput se-quencing.For host nucleic acid removal techniques,the method of selective cleavage and quantitative degradation of host DNA(Com-plete5 kit)effectively decreased the host nucleic acid content in tissue samples and increased the relative abundance of pathogen nucleic acids.In contrast,the magnetic bead method for host DNA removal(Next microbiome DNA enrichment Kit kit)was less effec-tive.At lower pathogen concentrations(77 CFU/mL),the Vazyme kit was more effective than the other kits in removing host nucleic acids.Non-specific amplification techniques(MALBAC whole genome amplification,MDA isothermal amplification,and random primer amplification)were not applicable to tissue samples and were not effective in increasing the relative abundance of pathogen nucleic acids.Selective lysis and quantitative degradation of host DNA were suitable for processing tissue samples with high host back-ground and low pathogenic microorganism levels,whereas non-specific amplification methods were not applicable to tissue samples for pre-processing of macro-genome high-throughput sequencing.

Objective:To identify the change trajectory of intrinsic capacity in people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai and explore the impact of intrinsic capacity trajectory change on overall function and dalily life activities in this population.Methods:The longitudinal data from round 1 to 3 Study of Global Ageing and Adult Health in Shanghai were used. The total intrinsic ability scores from five dimensions of cognition, psychology, sensory, vitality and locomotion were calculated. The censored normal model of group-based trajectory was used to identify the trajectory of intrinsic capacity change over time. Linear regression model and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyse the effects of different levels intrinsic capacity trajectory on the scores of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), the activity of daily living (ADL) and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).Results:A total of 2 302 study participants aged ≥50 years with 3 round complete data were included in this study, and 3 levels of intrinsic capacity trajectory were identified, low-level trajectory (9.3%), medium-level trajectory (41.7%), and high-level trajectory (49.0%). Compared with the high-level group, the medium-level and low-level groups had higher WHODAS scores, which increased by 3.578 (95% CI: 2.028-5.129) and 12.620 (95% CI: 9.951-15.289), respectively, and those with more severe disability and those in the low-level group were at higher risk for severe difficulty in ADLs ( OR=12.450, 95% CI: 4.310-35.966) and IADLs ( OR=5.479, 95% CI: 1.311-22.904). Conclusions:Heterogeneity in trajectory of intrinsic capacity exists in people aged ≥50 years in Shanghai. Middle-aged and elderly people with low initial level and rapid decline trajectory of intrinsic capacity are at greater risk for the decline of daily life ability and the increase of disability. It is necessary to strengthen the long-term dynamic monitoring and evaluation of the change trajectory of intrinsic capacity in this population.

This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of various host nucleic acid removal and non-specific amplifica-tion techniques in animal tissue samples,to increase the accuracy of pathogen identification in tissue samples.Simulated samples were prepared with a mixture of mouse lung tissue homogenates and Klebsiella pneumoniae fluids,and processed with six host nucleic acid removal kits and three non-specific amplification techniques.The effectiveness of each method in removing host DNA and enriching nucleic acids of pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated through real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and high-throughput se-quencing.For host nucleic acid removal techniques,the method of selective cleavage and quantitative degradation of host DNA(Com-plete5 kit)effectively decreased the host nucleic acid content in tissue samples and increased the relative abundance of pathogen nucleic acids.In contrast,the magnetic bead method for host DNA removal(Next microbiome DNA enrichment Kit kit)was less effec-tive.At lower pathogen concentrations(77 CFU/mL),the Vazyme kit was more effective than the other kits in removing host nucleic acids.Non-specific amplification techniques(MALBAC whole genome amplification,MDA isothermal amplification,and random primer amplification)were not applicable to tissue samples and were not effective in increasing the relative abundance of pathogen nucleic acids.Selective lysis and quantitative degradation of host DNA were suitable for processing tissue samples with high host back-ground and low pathogenic microorganism levels,whereas non-specific amplification methods were not applicable to tissue samples for pre-processing of macro-genome high-throughput sequencing.

Objective To investigate the effects of Zhuang medicinal thread moxibustion on apoptosis of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)in gastric smooth muscle of diabetic gastroparesis(DGP)rats via regulation of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.Methods Totally 60 rats were randomly divided into a blank group(10 rats)and a modeling group(50 rats).DGP models were established in the modeling group via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.50 successfully modeled rats were further randomized into model group,Western medication group,prevention+treatment group,prevention group and treatment group,with 10 rats in each group.The Western medication group was administered mosapride citrate by gavage for 3 weeks starting at week 10;the prevention+treatment group underwent Zhuang medicinal thread moxibustion("Zhongwan",bilateral"Neiguan"and"Zusanli")intervention for 6 weeks starting at week 7;the prevention group received Zhuang medicinal thread moxibustion for 3 weeks starting at week 7;and the treatment group received Zhuang medicinal thread moxibustion for 3 weeks starting at week 10,3 cones per point,once a day;the blank group and model group received handling only.The random blood glucose and body mass of rats were detected,and the gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate were calculated.HE staining was used to observe the morphology of gastric smooth muscle tissue,TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis of gastric smooth muscle tissue,ELISA was used to detect the contents of Caspase-3,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in gastric smooth muscle tissue,immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expressions of Cx43 and c-kit in gastric smooth muscle tissue,Western blot was used to detect the expressions of p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK,BAX and Bcl-2 protein in gastric smooth muscle tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the random blood glucose significantly increased in the model group(P<0.01),and the body mass,gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate significantly decreased(P<0.01),the blood vessels of gastric tissue were not clear,the surface was not smooth,the mucosal folds were less,the arrangement of gastric smooth muscle cells was disordered,the nuclear membrane was not clear,and there were vacuole like changes between cells,the apoptosis rate significantly increased(P<0.01),the contents of Caspase-3,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and the protein expressions of p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK and BAX in gastric smooth muscle tissue significantly increased(P<0.01),and the positive expressions of Cx43,c-kit,the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/BAX ratio significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the random blood glucose of rats in each intervention group decreased,and the body mass,gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate increased(P<0.01),the blood vessels of gastric tissue were clear,the inner surface of stomach was smooth,the mucosal folds were not rich,no ulcer was found,the shape of gastric smooth muscle cells was complete,the nuclear membrane was clear,and the arrangement of muscle cells was regular,the apoptosis rate significantly decreased(P<0.01),the contents of Caspase-3,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and the expressions of p38MAPK,p-p38MAPK,BAX protein in gastric smooth muscle tissue decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the positive expressions of Cx43,c-kit,the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/BAX ratio increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).The overall effect of the prevention+treatment group was better than that of the Western medication group,prevention group and treatment group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Zhuang medicinal thread moxibustion may reduce gastric inflammation and ICC apoptosis in DGP rats by inhibiting p38MAPK signaling pathway,so as to improve DGP gastric motility disorder,and the effect of early intervention is more significant.

Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease with sacroiliac arthritis and spinal arthritis as the main manifestations.The disease mainly occurs in young men,has a high disability rate,and is a serious threat to the life and health of patients.Biological agents are expensive,and many adverse reactions to hormones,non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,and anti-rheumatic drugs have been recorded.Traditional Chinese medicine can regulate the immunity and anti-inflammatory effects of the disease,and has good clinical effects.To promote the further study of the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis and the development and screening of therapeutic drugs and therapies,in this paper,we summarize the method and mechanisms of modeling of the existing animal model of ankylosing spondylitis and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the model.To evaluate the agreements between Chinese and Western medicine clinical characteristics,we compare the characteristics of Chinese and Western medical syndromes of the animal model.Building an animal model of ankylosing spondylitis with a higher degree of consistency between traditional Chinese and Western medicine is the key to innovative research into traditional Chinese medicine method of treating ankylosing spondylitis.To lay the foundation for research into traditional Chinese medicines and acupuncture for ankylosing spondylitis,this paper analyzes the degree of concurrence between the Chinese and Western medicine clinical characteristics of animal models.

Objective To explore the acupoint selection rules in the treatment of perimenopausal syndrome(PMS)with acupuncture by using data mining technology.Methods The clinical research literature on acupuncture treatment of PMS was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,Cochrane Library,Embase,PubMed and ScienceDirect from the establishment of the databases to August 16,2023.Excel 2021 was used to establish a prescription database for acupuncture treatment of PMS,and frequency statistics and classification of acupoints were conducted.SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0 software were used to conduct association rules,clustering analysis and decision tree analysis,to explore the characteristics and compatibility rules of acupoint selection in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of PMS.Results Totally 114 articles were included,including 115 acupoint prescriptions,and 108 acupoints with a total frequency of 787.The high-frequency acupoints were Sanyinjiao,Guanyuan,Shenshu,etc.The commonly used meridians were the bladder meridian and Conception Vessel.The majority specific acupoints were intersection acupoints,wu-shu points and back-shu points.The involved acupoints were mostly located in the lower limbs,abdomen and back.Acupuncture techniques often used the method of flat reinforcement and reduction,with the most commonly used waveform of electroacupuncture being the dilatational wave and the duration of needle retention being 10-30 minutes.The decision tree selected three simplified selection paths based on the dependent variable of Guanyuan.The core acupoints group was analyzed,and 14 groups of association rules and 7 effective cluster groups were obtained.Conclusion Acupuncture treatment of PMS follows the therapeutic principles of tonifying the kidney and harmonizing yin and yang.The acupoint combinations and core acupoint groups obtained from data mining can provide reference for clinical and scientific research.

Objective To explore the clinical acupoint selection law of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS)by data mining.Methods The clinical research literature on acupuncture treatment of CP/CPPS was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data,China Biology Medicine Database,Embase,PubMed,Cochrane Library and Web of Science from the establishment of the databases to November 17,2023.The prescription database was established using Excel 2021 to perform frequency statistics of acupoints.SPSS Modeler 18.0 and SPSS Statistics 26.0 were used to conduct association rules,factor analysis and clustering analysis,to explore the characteristics and acupoint selection and compatibility law in acupuncture treatment of CP/CPPS.Results A total of 105 articles was included,and 105 acupoint prescriptions were extracted,involving a total of 75 acupoints,with a total frequency of 611 times.The high-frequency acupoints were Zhongji,Sanyinjiao,Guanyuan,etc.The commonly used meridians were Conception Vessel and the bladder meridian.Jiaohui acupoints,Mu acupoints and Wushu acupoints accounted for the vast majority.The involved acupoints were mostly located in the abdomen,lower limbs,and lumbosacral region.The core acupoints was analyzed,and 19 groups of association rules,8 factors and 8 effective cluster groups were obtained.Conclusion Acupuncture treatment of CP/CPPS follows the therapeutic principles of tonifying the kidney,removing dampness,soothing the liver and removing blood stasis.The core acupoints group is Guanyuan-Zhongji-Sanyinjiao,with differentiation of syndromes and compatibility with other acupoints.