ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human bocavirus (HBoV) in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) at a single-center children’s hospital in Shanghai, thereby providing evidence for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HBoV infection. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 19 537 hospitalized children with ALRTI at Shanghai Children’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with capillary electrophoresis was used to detect HBoV and 12 other common respiratory viruses /atypical pathogens. The positive detection rate, demographic characteristics (sex, age), temporal distribution (year, season) of HBoV, as well as the clinical characteristics of severe and non-severe pneumonia were analyzed. ResultsThe overall HBoV-positive rate was 2.57% (503/19 537), with 59.44% (299/503) being single infections and 40.56% (204/503) being co-infections. The positive detection rate was significantly higher in boys than that in girls (2.78% vs 2.33%, χ²=3.88, P=0.049). The highest infection rate was observed in toddlers, followed by infants (χ²=379.57, P<0.001). The positive rate peaked in 2021 and reached its lowest point in 2023 (χ²=45.49, P<0.001), with epidemics mainly prevalent in summer and autumn. The main clinical symptoms were cough (90.06%, 453/503), fever (75.94%, 382/503), and wheezing (39.96%, 201/503). Children with severe pneumonia showed a higher incidence of wheezing compared with the non-severe group (P<0.001), while underlying diseases and co-infections had no significant association with disease severity (P>0.05). ConclusionHBoV was an important pathogen of ALRTI in children, predominantly affecting infants and toddlers, with higher susceptibility in boys and seasonal peaks in autumn and summer. The main clinical manifestations included cough, fever, and wheezing, with wheezing being more prevalent in children with severe pneumonia.

Objective:To construct a risk classification model for adverse events of medical consumables,so as to achieve automatic evaluation for risk level of such events,and enhance the capability for risk management of adverse events of medical consumables,and ensure the safety of medical apparatuses.Methods:The data of adverse events of medical consumables of 370 cases of 148 types that were reported by Shandong Provincial Third Hospital from 2020 to 2023 were selected,and they were divided into high-risk and low-risk types.Eight key factors of them,which included the number of cases,injury level,type of registration certificate,with source and without source,high-value and low-value,domestic and imports,product classification,and risk levels,were counted to form a dataset.K-nearest neighbor(KNN),support vector machine(SVM)and decision tree algorithms in machine learning were used to construct a risk classification model for adverse events of medical consumables.The data of 12 adverse events of medical consumables of 5 types of our hospital,which were newly reported in 2024,were integrated for their parameters.Then,the accuracy rate and prediction performance of the model were further analyzed.Results:By comparing the KNN,SVM and decision tree algorithm models,the effect of SVM algorithm model was better,and its accuracy rate was 90.54%,and its area under curve(AUC)value of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was 0.944,and its Kolmogorov-Smirnov(KS)test value was 0.808.The model had favorable predictive performance.The results,that invoked SVM algorithm model to conduct verification of actual prediction for 12 adverse events of medical consumables of 5 types,indicated it was same between predictive outcomes and risk levels of manual evaluation.Conclusion:The risk classification model of adverse events of medical consumables has established an operational model for assessing the risk level of such events,which can assist monitoring personnel for adverse event of medical apparatuses to quickly and accurately find risk signals of adverse events of medical consumables,and improve the monitoring capability of them for these adverse events.

Objective:To explore the application effect of family participatory multisensory support programme based on the theory of enriched environment on preterm infants and their mothers in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods:A historical comparative study was conducted. One hundred and sixteen pairs of preterm infants and their mothers admitted to NICU, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities from March to October 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method and divided into control group and experimental group according to the time of admission. The control group was given routine care, while the experimental group implemented a family participatory multisensory support programme based on the enriched environment theory on the basis of the control group. The amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) scores and the Chinese version of Parent-Child Interaction Feeding Scale (PCI-FS-C) scores before and after intervention, the Gesell developmental quotients at 40 weeks and 3 months of gestational age, the Chinese version of Maternal Attachment Inventory (CMAI) scores of preterm mothers on the day of discharge and 1 and 3 months after discharge were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 105 pairs of premature infants and their mothers were included, 52 premature infants of control group, 29 males and 23 females; 53 premature infants of experimental group, including 32 males and 21 females. Before intervention, there were no significant differences in aEEG scores and PCI-FS-C scores between the two groups (all P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of aEEG and PCI-FS-C in the experimental group were (10.91 ± 2.18) and (12.62 ± 1.32) points, respectively, which were higher than (9.67 ± 1.94) and (10.42 ± 1.45) points in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.06, 8.15, both P<0.05). The Gesell developmental quotient were (54.03 ± 9.73), (55.17 ± 11.19), (57.20 ± 11.04), (53.60 ± 9.74), (55.17 ± 10.11) at 40 weeks of gestational age, and (77.15 ± 11.55), (76.62 ± 9.90), (72.76 ± 11.90), (81.47 ± 10.01), (76.51 ± 12.25) at 3 months of gestational age, respectively, which were higher than the control group (49.70 ± 9.07), (49.06 ± 8.61), (52.41 ± 9.01), (49.28 ± 8.78), (50.07 ± 12.52), and (71.10 ± 11.87), (69.02 ± 12.53), (65.77 ± 12.24), (75.08 ± 11.08), (68.63 ± 10.89), the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.30-3.49, all P<0.05). The CMAI scores of preterm mothers in the experimental group were (82.81 ± 12.85), (87.70 ± 10.29), (95.91 ± 8.76) points on the day of discharge and 1 and 3 months after discharge, respectively, which were higher than (68.71 ± 14.15), (82.04 ± 11.87), (90.98 ± 11.13) points of the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t=5.35, 2.61, 2.52, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The family participatory multisensory support programme based on the theory of enriched environment can accelerate the maturation of brain electrical activity in preterm infants and promote brain function and neurobehavioural development; meanwhile, it improves maternal sensitivity and promotes the establishment of mother-infant attachment relationship in preterm infants.

Objective:To construct a risk classification model for adverse events of medical consumables,so as to achieve automatic evaluation for risk level of such events,and enhance the capability for risk management of adverse events of medical consumables,and ensure the safety of medical apparatuses.Methods:The data of adverse events of medical consumables of 370 cases of 148 types that were reported by Shandong Provincial Third Hospital from 2020 to 2023 were selected,and they were divided into high-risk and low-risk types.Eight key factors of them,which included the number of cases,injury level,type of registration certificate,with source and without source,high-value and low-value,domestic and imports,product classification,and risk levels,were counted to form a dataset.K-nearest neighbor(KNN),support vector machine(SVM)and decision tree algorithms in machine learning were used to construct a risk classification model for adverse events of medical consumables.The data of 12 adverse events of medical consumables of 5 types of our hospital,which were newly reported in 2024,were integrated for their parameters.Then,the accuracy rate and prediction performance of the model were further analyzed.Results:By comparing the KNN,SVM and decision tree algorithm models,the effect of SVM algorithm model was better,and its accuracy rate was 90.54%,and its area under curve(AUC)value of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was 0.944,and its Kolmogorov-Smirnov(KS)test value was 0.808.The model had favorable predictive performance.The results,that invoked SVM algorithm model to conduct verification of actual prediction for 12 adverse events of medical consumables of 5 types,indicated it was same between predictive outcomes and risk levels of manual evaluation.Conclusion:The risk classification model of adverse events of medical consumables has established an operational model for assessing the risk level of such events,which can assist monitoring personnel for adverse event of medical apparatuses to quickly and accurately find risk signals of adverse events of medical consumables,and improve the monitoring capability of them for these adverse events.

Objective Based on the assumption of spatial heterogeneity,the distribution pattern and risk characteristics of health poverty in middle-aged and elderly people with chronic diseases are described from the perspective of spatial differentiation.In order to providing a theoretical basis for the optimization of subsequent poverty reduction policies and a model policy for other countries.Methods It used factor detector and interaction detector to capture the role of single-factor and multi-factor interactions on the spatial differentiation of health poverty,and risk detectors were utilized to explore the high-risk factors in risky areas Results The single factor explanation of medical assistance and health education activities is prominent,and the factors such as PM2.5,old-age dependency ratio and urban unemployment rate have strong interaction.Furthermore,it identified high-risk factor characteristics in areas at high risk of health poverty.Conclusion The spatial differentiation pattern of health poverty among the middle-aged and elderly chronic disease population in China is the result of the synergistic driving effect of multidimensional factors,and there is variability in the risk characteristics among regions.The government should establish a contextual optimization strategy and pay attention to the joint effect of multiple factors to establish a synergistic management system.

OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze the prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)in Gansu Province in 2023 so as to provide scientific bases for formulating and optimizing prevention and control strategies for VAP in the health care institutions of the province.METHODS The data regarding to VAP of 2023 were collected from the regional surveillance platform of Gansu Province Nosocomial Infection Management Quali-ty Control Center.The influencing factors for the VAP were assessed by means of Poisson regression model.RESULTS In 2023,the median incidence of VAP was 3.51 ‰ among the 93 hospitals in Gansu Province.There was significant difference in the incidence of VAP among the different regions,levels and types of hospitals(P＜0.05).The length of hospital stay and ventilator treatment duration of the tertiary hospitals were 3458(1904,6770)days and 1 274(740,2040)days,respectively,higher than those of the secondary hospitals;the incidence of VAP was 4.89(2.82,7.40)‰ in the tertiary hospitals,higher than that in the secondary hospitals(all P＜0.05).The incidence of VAP of the general hospitals was 3.94(2.66,6.92)‰,higher than 2.06(1.03,3.27)‰ of the specialized hospitals(P＜0.001).With the respect to the regional factor,Qingyang City,Baiyin City,Dingxi City and Linxia City were at lower risk of VAP than Lanzhou City after the related factors were controlled through Poisson regression analysis(P＜0.05),while Zhangye City and Jiayuguan City were at higher risk of VAP(P＜0.05).The analysis of seasonal factors showed that the incidence of VAP presented seasonal fluctuation,the inci-dence of VAP was higher in the second and fourth quarters;however,there was no significant difference in the risk of VAP among the quarters.CONCLUSIONS The incidence of VAP is decreased in Gansu Province in 2023 as compared with that in previous years,however,there is certain difference among the different regions.The inci-dence rates of VAP are relatively high in the tertiary hospitals and the general hospitals.It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance in related areas and take active prevention and control measures,so as to reduce the in-cidence of VAP.

Objective To analyze the relationship between clinical drug utilization and the risk of nosocomial infections among hospitalized patients,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections.Methods This study adopted a retrospective case-control design.The case group included 209 patients with nosocomial infection reported from January 2023 to December 2023 in a tertiary hospital.The control group included 209 patients without nosocomial infection during the same period.The patients in the control group were selected by stratified sampling based on Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI).Results Univariate analysis showed that proton pump inhibitors,antacids,immunosuppressants and prior antimicrobial combination therapy increased the risk of nosocomial infection(P＜0.05).Multivariate log-binomial regression analysis showed that proton pump inhibitors,immunosuppressive drugs,and prior antimicrobial combination therapy were correlated with nosocomial infection.The corresponding relative risk(RR)was 1.31(95％CI:1.07-1.60),1.40(95％CI:1.02-1.91),and 1.66(95％CI:1.01-2.74),respectively.Further analysis indicated that the patients with nosocomial infection had longer time in use of proton pump inhibitors and prior antimicrobial combination therapy than the patients in the control group(Z=-6.331,P＜0.001;Z=-2.667,P=0.008).The trend Chi-square test showed that there was a dose-response relationship for proton pump inhibitors(x2=73.869,P＜0.001),immunosuppressive drugs(x2=16.530,P＜0.001),and prior antimicrobial combination therapy(x2=35.107,P＜0.001).Conclusions The use of immunosuppressants,proton pump inhibitors and antimicrobial combination therapy increases the risk of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients.The prolonged use of these drugs will further increase the risk of nosocomial infection.

Objective To analyze the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Neferine(Nef)on psoriasis mice based on the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)signaling pathway.Methods A mouse model of psoriasis was constructed.The 50 mice with successful modeling were divided into the model group,the L-Nef group,the M-Nef group,the H-Nef group,and the H-Nef+ML385 group,with 10 mice in each group according to random number table method.Additionally,10 normal mice were selected as the control group.The L-Nef group,M-Nef group and H-Nef group were respectively administered 5,10 and 20 mg/kg Nef by gavage.The H-Nef+ML385 group was administered 20 mg/kg Nef by gavage and intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway inhibitor ML385.The control group and the model group were given the same amount of normal saline.The changes of skin lesions in each group of mice were observed and the psoriasis area and severity index(PASI)scoring was conducted.HE staining and toluidine blue staining were used to observe the pathological changes of the skin and the number of mast cells in each group,and immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of Ki-67 in the lesion sites of mice in each group.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress factors in the skin lesion tissues of mice in each group,and Western blot was used to detect the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway-related proteins in the skin lesion tissues of mice in each group.Results Compared with the control group,the mice in the model group presented symptoms such as skin erythema and scales,and the pathological changes of the skin lesion tissue were severe.The PASI score,the number of mast cells,Ki-67,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-17A(IL-17A),and malondialdehyde expressions were increased,while the expressions of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),Nrf2 and HO-1 were decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the symptoms such as skin erythema and scales and the pathological changes of skin lesion tissues in mice of the L-Nef group,M-Nef group and H-Nef group were alleviated,and the PASI score,the number of mast cells,the expressions of Ki-67,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-6,IL-17A and malondialdehyde were significantly reduced;however,the expressions of SOD,GSH-Px,Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the H-Nef group,the symptoms such as skin erythema and scales and the pathological changes of skin lesion tissues in the H-Nef+ML385 group of mice were more severe.The PASI score,the number of mast cells,and the expressions of Ki-67,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-6,IL-17A,and malondialdehyde were significantly increased.while the expressions of SOD,GSH-Px,Nrf2 and HO-1 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion Nef may have therapeutic effects by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway to improve the inflammation and oxidative stress responses in the lesion tissues of mice with psoriasis.

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance(AMR)of bacteria leads to a decrease or even failure in the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment,poses a huge challenge to clinical anti-infective treatment,and seriously threatens human life.Therefore,coping with AMR of bacteria has become a major challenge and research hot spot in the field of global public health.Due to the wide sources and diverse biological activities,natural compounds play an important role in the practice of"reduction of antimicrobial agents,replacement for antimicrobial agents,and free of antimicrobial agents"in the breeding industry.In recent years,studies have discovered that a variety of natural compounds can serve as enhancer for antimicrobial agents,and the combined use of natural compounds with antimi-crobial agents can restore the antimicrobial sensitivity of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and enhance antimicrobial effects.This indicates that natural compounds have the potential to serve as new strategies in coping with AMR of bacteria.This paper reviews the synergistic antibacterial mechanism of natural compounds combined with antimicro-bial agents based on the main resistance mechanisms of bacteria,and looks forward to their application prospects and challenges,in the hope of providing new ideas and strategies for coping with the crisis of bacteria AMR.

Objective:To explore the application effect of family participatory multisensory support programme based on the theory of enriched environment on preterm infants and their mothers in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods:A historical comparative study was conducted. One hundred and sixteen pairs of preterm infants and their mothers admitted to NICU, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities from March to October 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method and divided into control group and experimental group according to the time of admission. The control group was given routine care, while the experimental group implemented a family participatory multisensory support programme based on the enriched environment theory on the basis of the control group. The amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) scores and the Chinese version of Parent-Child Interaction Feeding Scale (PCI-FS-C) scores before and after intervention, the Gesell developmental quotients at 40 weeks and 3 months of gestational age, the Chinese version of Maternal Attachment Inventory (CMAI) scores of preterm mothers on the day of discharge and 1 and 3 months after discharge were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 105 pairs of premature infants and their mothers were included, 52 premature infants of control group, 29 males and 23 females; 53 premature infants of experimental group, including 32 males and 21 females. Before intervention, there were no significant differences in aEEG scores and PCI-FS-C scores between the two groups (all P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of aEEG and PCI-FS-C in the experimental group were (10.91 ± 2.18) and (12.62 ± 1.32) points, respectively, which were higher than (9.67 ± 1.94) and (10.42 ± 1.45) points in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.06, 8.15, both P<0.05). The Gesell developmental quotient were (54.03 ± 9.73), (55.17 ± 11.19), (57.20 ± 11.04), (53.60 ± 9.74), (55.17 ± 10.11) at 40 weeks of gestational age, and (77.15 ± 11.55), (76.62 ± 9.90), (72.76 ± 11.90), (81.47 ± 10.01), (76.51 ± 12.25) at 3 months of gestational age, respectively, which were higher than the control group (49.70 ± 9.07), (49.06 ± 8.61), (52.41 ± 9.01), (49.28 ± 8.78), (50.07 ± 12.52), and (71.10 ± 11.87), (69.02 ± 12.53), (65.77 ± 12.24), (75.08 ± 11.08), (68.63 ± 10.89), the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.30-3.49, all P<0.05). The CMAI scores of preterm mothers in the experimental group were (82.81 ± 12.85), (87.70 ± 10.29), (95.91 ± 8.76) points on the day of discharge and 1 and 3 months after discharge, respectively, which were higher than (68.71 ± 14.15), (82.04 ± 11.87), (90.98 ± 11.13) points of the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t=5.35, 2.61, 2.52, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The family participatory multisensory support programme based on the theory of enriched environment can accelerate the maturation of brain electrical activity in preterm infants and promote brain function and neurobehavioural development; meanwhile, it improves maternal sensitivity and promotes the establishment of mother-infant attachment relationship in preterm infants.