Oxidative stress due to aberrant metabolism is considered as a crucial contributor to diabetes and its complications. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia boost excessive reactive oxygen species generation by elevated mitochondrial respiration, increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, and enhanced pro-oxidative processes, including protein kinase C pathways, hexosamine, polyol, and advanced glycation endproducts, which exacerbate oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the onset of diabetes and its associated complications by impairing insulin production, increasing insulin resistance, maintaining hyperglycemic memory, and inducing systemic inflammation. A more profound comprehension of the molecular processes that link oxidative stress to diabetes is crucial to new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanisms underlying how oxidative stress contributes to diabetes mellitus and its complications. We also summarize the current approaches for prevention and treatment by targeting the oxidative stress pathways in diabetes.
Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology* ; Diabetes Complications/metabolism* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism* ; Animals

Objective:To provide informational and personalized health service platform for the current number of chronic diseases and health groups. Methods:a variety of portable devices physiological data were collected to transmit to the remote health monitoring platform, making the service with strong mobility for home care, postoperative care and patient care whenever and wherever needed to provide the best care service model, so that medical and health care is no longer subject to the constraints of time, hospitals and other fixed places. Results: Through a variety of wireless transmission technology and the intelligent terminal and regional health data center, it can be further mining, analysis and storage for the data information, and provide diagnostic advice. It can effectively alleviate the tension of medical resources. Conclusion:The establishment of remote health monitoring platform can alert doctors and relatives when data is abnormal to win time for rescue. It can effectively manage the disease treatment, prevention and rehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation and inspection method about abnormal uter-ine bleeding due to cesarean section scar diverticulum.Methods retrospective analysis of 156 abnormal uterine bleeding cases due to cesarean section scar diverticulum.Analysis the relevance ratio,the starting time of clinical symptom,related influencing factors,the information of examine and misdiagnose.Results there are 12 cases cesare-an section scar diverticulum in 2010;30 cases in 2011;26 cases in 2012;37 cases in 2013;51 cases in 2014.The starting time of clinical symptom is 1 ~6 month pose menstrual in 48 cases;6 months to 2 years pose menstrual in 89 cases,2 years later pose menstrual in 19 cases.98 cases don′t have evidential abnormality even through many times ultrasonograph.43 patients subjected diagnosis curettage.The uterine bleeding time obviously longer comparing retro-position of uterus with anteposition and msposition of uterus.Conclusion the morbidity of abnormal uterine bleeding cases due to cesarean section scar diverticulum is low,but the rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis is little high-er.We need to elevate the rate of diagnosis,and to research the preservation and magagement gradually.

Objective To explore the predictive value of serum CEA and cytokeratin-19 fragments (CYFRA21-1)prior treatment for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKI ) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Methods The study was a clinical research.Totally 101 matched tissue and plasma samples were collected from Peking University People′s Hospital from 2012 to 2013.All clinical specimens were analyzed for EGFR mutations in exons of 18, 19, 20 and 21 by ADx-ARMS and direct sequencing, and the serum levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1 were analyzed by ECLI.The correlation between EGFR mutant status and efficacy of EGFR-TKI and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed by χ2 test, Log-rank text and Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results The mutation rate was 60.4%(61/101) by ADx-ARMS and 33.7%(34/101) by direct sequencing.Mutations were more frequently observed in the higher serum CEA level patients(≥5μg/L,78.8%).However, the rates of EGFR mutations of different CEA levels were similar.Among the patients receiving TKI therapy, the efficacy of EGFR-TKI was closely related to serum CYFRA21-1 level prior treatment and EGFR mutation (χ2 =8.903, P =0.003; χ2 =28.590, P <0.001 ).And serum CYFRA21-1 level prior treatment and EGFR mutation were independent factors for EGFR-TKI treatment affecting PFS (RR=0.298, P<0.001;RR=0.086, P<0.001).Conclusion The mutation rate of EGFR was significantly related with the expression level of CEA prior treatment, and serum CEA and CYFRA21-1 levels prior treatment could be potential predictors of EGFR-TKI efficacy.

In this paper,the contents of nutrition ingredients and five elements of limit quan- tity in eight species of shellfish in South China Sea were studied. It was found that the contents of Cd was high and Ag,As Cu and Ph were general low in comparison with hygiene criterions.