Objective To investigate the role and clinical significance of Calpain activity and 145 kDa cleavage fragments of αⅡ-spec-trin breakdown products(SBDP145)in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods 124 patients with confirmed SLE and de-tailed clinical data were collected as the SLE group,and 75 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group.Their serum samples were collected,and serum SBDP145 levels and Calpain activity were de-tected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and substrate-based method,respectively.The Mann-Whitney U test,Spearman rank correlation,univariate and multivariate Logistic regression,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve were used to evaluate the clinical value of Calpain activity and SBDP145 in the diagnosis and assessment of SLE.Results Compared with healthy controls,serum Calpain activity([17.000[8.5000,33.500]RFU vs 7.500[4.000,12.500]RFU)and SBDP145 levels(5.283[3.532,9.463]ng/mL vs 1.472[0.994,2.212]ng/mL)in SLE patients were significantly increased(Z=-9.229,P<0.001;Z=-6.881,P<0.001).Furthermore,the Calpain activity was significantly correlated with SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI-2K)score(r=0.349,P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis showed that the increased Calpain activity and SBDP145 levels were significantly associated with the occurrence of SLE(OR=1.164,95％CI:1.016-1.334,P=0.029;OR=3.822,95％CI:1.928-7.574,P<0.001).The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve(AUCROC)of serum Calpain activity in distin-guishing SLE and healthy controls was 0.762(95％CI:0.697-0.827).When the cut-off value was 13.75 RFU,its sensitivity and speci-ficity were 63.1％and 81.1％,respectively.The AUCROC of serum SBDP145 levels in distinguishing SLE and healthy controls was 0.891(95％CI:0.845-0.936).When the cut-off value was 2.377 ng/mL,its sensitivity and specificity were 88.7％and 80.0％,re-spectively.The AUCROC,sensitivity,and specificity of combining the two with traditional SLE clinical indicators,including complement C3,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,and anti-dsDNA antibodies,in the diagnosis of SLE reached 0.986(95％CI:0.972-1.000),93.3％,and 96.0％,respectively.The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that the organ damage index(SDI)score of SLE patients was positively correlated with serum Calpain activity and SBDP145 levels(r=0.342,P<0.001;r=0.250,P=0.005).Con-clusion The elevated Calpain activity and SBDP145 levels are closely related to the occurrence and development of SLE,suggesting that they may be served as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of SLE patients.

Objective:To investigate the role of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) /nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in the occurrence of lung tissue in the pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) model of rats induced by indium tin oxide nanoprticles (Nano-ITO) .Methods:In October 2019, 120 SD rats were divided into 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84 day Nano ITO exposure groups and corresponding time point control groups, with 10 rats in each group; the exposure group was treated with 6 mg/kg·bw Nano-ITO via non exposed tracheal injection, twice a week. Time-course studies were performed to examine the pulmonary toxicity induced by Nano-ITO. At the end of the experiment, cytokines levels and oxidative stress were analyzed in the bronchoalveolar lavaged fluid (BALF). Rat lung tissues were also harvested for staining with HE, PAS, Masson, and Oil Red O. Ultrastructure of lung tissue cells was observed by transmission electron microscope. The localization and expression of NF-κB p65, IκB-α, IKK-β, Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1 were observed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The comparison between the two groups was analyzed by independent sample T test, and the comparison between the multiple groups was analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Results:Nano-ITO intratracheal instillation caused pulmonary toxicity by inducing acute inflammation, granuloma (nodule) formation, and alveolar proteinosis. ELISA analysis showed that, compared with the corresponding time points control groups, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-10, total protein (TP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in BALF of rats exposed to Nano ITO were all increased ( P<0.05) ; The protein expression of Nrf2 and NF-κB p65 was upregulated in rat lung tissue, while the protein expression of KK-β was increased ( P<0.01). Nrf2 and its downstream proteins NQO1 and HO-1 were highly expressed in Nano-ITO-induced PAP rat. Conclusion:NF-κB/Nrf2 signal pathway is involved in the process of Nano-ITO induced pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in rats.

Objective:To analyze the diversity of Duffy blood group gene among ethnic Hui population from Henan Province using PacBio long-read sequencing technique.Methods:Randomly select 30 individuals with three generations of Hui ancestry from Henan as the study subjects. Full-length sequences of the Duffy blood group gene were obtained through PacBio long-read sequencing. Distribution of the predicted phenotype and genotype frequency were determined, and the linkage between Duffy haplotypes and variation sites was analyzed. Genetic diversity, natural selection pressure, and population genetic characteristics were evaluated. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Ethics No. 202223).Results:The predicted Duffy blood group phenotype in the Henan Hui population was predominantly Fy(a+ b-). Three novel SNPs in the FY*01 allele were identified, with a total frequency of 13.33%, among which FY*01.NEW1 (c.199C>T) was the most common. A total of 32 variant sites were identified, with 28 located in intronic regions, indicating that genetic diversity was primarily concentrated in introns. The Duffy blood group gene was under negative selection pressure ( dN/ dS < 1, Tajima′s D, Fu and Li′s D*& F* significantly deviated from 0), suggesting overall conservation. The allele frequencies of Duffy blood group in the Henan Hui population was similar to that of the Xinjiang Hui, Xinjiang Kazakh, Inner Mongolia Mongolian, and Yuncheng Han populations, but significantly different from those of most Han and other ethnic groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:This study revealed the characteristics of the Duffy blood group gene among the Henan Hui population and demonstrated the significant advantages of PacBio long-read sequencing technique in haplotype analysis, genetic diversity study, and novel mutation identification.

Objective:To explore the current implementation status and challenges of family doctor contract services (FDCS) from the perspective of contracted residents.Methods:This qualitative study used purposive sampling to select contracted residents from 11 primary healthcare institutions across five cities in China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from March to December 2024, covering topics such as awareness of contracting, service experience, health needs, service continuity, and policy recommendations. Thematic framework analysis was applied to organize, code, and summarize the data.Results:A total of 25 contracted residents were interviewed (6 men, 19 women; 11 from central urban areas, 14 from suburban or rural towns; 8 with chronic diseases). Three main themes and ten sub-themes emerged: Theme Ⅰ: Pathways to improved service accessibility (optimized chronic disease management, more efficient referrals, and improved health education). Theme Ⅱ: Structural misalignment between supply and demand (limited specialty services despite patient needs, insufficient coverage and public awareness of home-based medical care, imbalanced human resources, and service disruption due to clinician turnover). Theme Ⅲ: Challenges in service awareness and communication mechanisms (information asymmetry and public misperception regarding FDCS, perverse incentives in administrative performance evaluation, and communication barriers in building patient-doctor trust).Conclusions:While FDCS has shown progress in chronic disease management, referral coordination, and health education, structural supply-demand gaps and communication challenges continue to hinder service quality. Improvements in resource allocation and service models are needed to support high-quality development.

Objective:To explore the correlation between abnormal vital signs (e.g., heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature) and acute exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as to evaluate the clinical value of continuous monitoring via wearable devices for the early warning and intervention.Methods:A multicenter cross-sectional study enrolled 335 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from 12 community health centers in Beijing and Chengdu between June 2023 and May 2024. General demographic and clinical data were collected, and each participant underwent continuous monitoring of resting heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature using wearable devices for 21 days. Based on whether participants had experienced acute exacerbations requiring outpatient, emergency, or inpatient treatment within the previous year, they were categorized into the acute exacerbation group and the non-exacerbation group. Differences in physiological parameters between the acute exacerbation group and non-exacerbation group were analyzed, and contributing factors were assessed using logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 335 patients with stable COPD were enrolled, including 252 cases (75.22%) in the acute exacerbation group and 83 cases (24.78%) in the non-acute exacerbation group. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex distribution, comorbidities, or baseline lung function between the two groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the non-acute exacerbation group, patients in the acute exacerbation group had a faster resting heart rate((76.01 ± 7.78) beats/min vs. (72.72 ± 7.35) beats/min, t=3.126, P=0.002), a higher proportion of patients with decreased oxygen saturation (1.75% (0.97%, 3.03%) vs. 0.86% (0.44%, 1.65%), Z=11.086, P=0.001), and a higher proportion of patients with elevated body temperature (0.60% (0.39%, 1.03%) vs. 0.31% (0.17%, 0.54%), Z=7.314, P=0.007). Logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age ( OR=1.051, 95% CI: 1.023-1.080), increased heart rate ( OR=1.055, 95% CI:1.013-1.098), decreased oxygen saturation ( OR=1.197, 95% CI:1.023-1.400), and elevated body temperature ( OR=1.777, 95% CI:1.148-2.752) were positively associated factors for acute exacerbation of COPD. Conclusions:Abnormalities in physiological indicators such as heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature are associated with acute exacerbations in COPD patients. Continuous monitoring using wearable devices may provide a new method for early warning and timely intervention in COPD exacerbations.

With the increasing aging population in China and rising incidence rates of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular conditions, the demand for palliative care services continues to grow. In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence and medical disciplines has advanced significantly, with machine learning research and applications in the palliative care field progressing steadily. This paper reviews the overview of machine learning, its applications in palliative care, and effectiveness evaluations. It also discusses existing limitations in current research and provides recommendations for future studies. The aim is to assist healthcare professionals in improving palliative care services and offer valuable insights for the development of palliative care in China.

Objective : To investigate the role and related mechanisms of IgD on the viability , proliferation , apoptosis , and other functions of Molm_13 cells. Methods: Peripheral blood serum was collected from AML patients and healthy controls. The sIgD levels were quantified by ELISA. For in vitro studies , Molm_13 cells were treated with varying concentrations of IgD. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed via CCK_8 assays , CFSE staining , and colony formation assays. Apoptosis rates were determined using an Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection kit. Preliminary exploration of the mechanisms related to IgD_induced proliferation of Molm_13 were analyzed through differential gene analysis. Results: Compared with healthy controls , the levels of sIgD in AML patients were significantly el_ evated (P < 0. 001 ) . IgD treatment dose_dependently increased Molm_13 cell viability and proliferation ( P < 0. 05) , inhibited apoptosis rates (P < 0. 001) . Conclusion IgD promotes the viability and proliferation of Molm_ 13 cells , and reduces apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the diversity of Duffy blood group gene among ethnic Hui population from Henan Province using PacBio long-read sequencing technique. METHODS: Randomly select 30 individuals with three generations of Hui ancestry from Henan as the study subjects. Full-length sequences of the Duffy blood group gene were obtained through PacBio long-read sequencing. Distribution of the predicted phenotype and genotype frequency were determined, and the linkage between Duffy haplotypes and variation sites was analyzed. Genetic diversity, natural selection pressure, and population genetic characteristics were evaluated. This study was approved by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Ethics No. 2022223). RESULTS: The predicted Duffy blood group phenotype in the Henan Hui population was predominantly Fy(a+b-). Three novel SNPs in the FY*01 allele were identified, with a total frequency of 13.33%, among which FY*01.NEW1 (c.199C>T) was the most common. A total of 32 variant sites were identified, with 28 located in intronic regions, indicating that genetic diversity was primarily concentrated in introns. The Duffy blood group gene was under negative selection pressure (dN/dS < 1, Tajima's D, Fu and Li's D* and F* significantly deviated from 0), suggesting overall conservation. The allele frequencies of Duffy blood group in the Henan Hui population was similar to that of the Xinjiang Hui, Xinjiang Kazakh, Inner Mongolia Mongolian, and Yuncheng Han populations, but significantly different from those of most Han and other ethnic groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study revealed the characteristics of the Duffy blood group gene among the Henan Hui population and demonstrated the significant advantages of PacBio long-read sequencing technique in haplotype analysis, genetic diversity study, and novel mutation identification.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Asian People/ethnology* ; China/ethnology* ; Duffy Blood-Group System/genetics* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective:To analyze the diversity of Duffy blood group gene among ethnic Hui population from Henan Province using PacBio long-read sequencing technique.Methods:Randomly select 30 individuals with three generations of Hui ancestry from Henan as the study subjects. Full-length sequences of the Duffy blood group gene were obtained through PacBio long-read sequencing. Distribution of the predicted phenotype and genotype frequency were determined, and the linkage between Duffy haplotypes and variation sites was analyzed. Genetic diversity, natural selection pressure, and population genetic characteristics were evaluated. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Ethics No. 202223).Results:The predicted Duffy blood group phenotype in the Henan Hui population was predominantly Fy(a+ b-). Three novel SNPs in the FY*01 allele were identified, with a total frequency of 13.33%, among which FY*01.NEW1 (c.199C>T) was the most common. A total of 32 variant sites were identified, with 28 located in intronic regions, indicating that genetic diversity was primarily concentrated in introns. The Duffy blood group gene was under negative selection pressure ( dN/ dS < 1, Tajima′s D, Fu and Li′s D*& F* significantly deviated from 0), suggesting overall conservation. The allele frequencies of Duffy blood group in the Henan Hui population was similar to that of the Xinjiang Hui, Xinjiang Kazakh, Inner Mongolia Mongolian, and Yuncheng Han populations, but significantly different from those of most Han and other ethnic groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:This study revealed the characteristics of the Duffy blood group gene among the Henan Hui population and demonstrated the significant advantages of PacBio long-read sequencing technique in haplotype analysis, genetic diversity study, and novel mutation identification.

Objective:To explore the current implementation status and challenges of family doctor contract services (FDCS) from the perspective of contracted residents.Methods:This qualitative study used purposive sampling to select contracted residents from 11 primary healthcare institutions across five cities in China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from March to December 2024, covering topics such as awareness of contracting, service experience, health needs, service continuity, and policy recommendations. Thematic framework analysis was applied to organize, code, and summarize the data.Results:A total of 25 contracted residents were interviewed (6 men, 19 women; 11 from central urban areas, 14 from suburban or rural towns; 8 with chronic diseases). Three main themes and ten sub-themes emerged: Theme Ⅰ: Pathways to improved service accessibility (optimized chronic disease management, more efficient referrals, and improved health education). Theme Ⅱ: Structural misalignment between supply and demand (limited specialty services despite patient needs, insufficient coverage and public awareness of home-based medical care, imbalanced human resources, and service disruption due to clinician turnover). Theme Ⅲ: Challenges in service awareness and communication mechanisms (information asymmetry and public misperception regarding FDCS, perverse incentives in administrative performance evaluation, and communication barriers in building patient-doctor trust).Conclusions:While FDCS has shown progress in chronic disease management, referral coordination, and health education, structural supply-demand gaps and communication challenges continue to hinder service quality. Improvements in resource allocation and service models are needed to support high-quality development.