Houpo Sanwutang， included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions （Second Batch）， was first recorded in the Synopsis of Golden Chamber written by ZHANG Zhongjing from the Eastern Han dynasty and was modified by successive generations of medical experts. A total of 37 pieces of effective data involving 37 ancient Chinese medical books were retrieved from different databases. Through literature mining， statistical analysis， and data processing， combined with modern articles， this study employed bibliometrics to investigate the historical origin， composition， decoction methods， clinical application， and other key information. The results showed that the medicinal origin of Houpo Sanwutang was clearly documented in classic books. Based on the conversion of the measurements from the Han Dynasty， it is recommended that 110.4 g Magnolia Officinalis Cortex， 55.2 g Rhei Radix et Rhizoma， and 72 g Aurantii Fructus Immaturus should be taken. Magnolia Officinalis Cortex and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus should be decocted with 2 400 mL water first， and 1 000 mL should be taken from the decocted liquid. Following this， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma should be added for further decoction， and then 600 mL should be taken from the decocted liquid. A single dose of administration is 200 mL， and the medication can be stopped when patients restore smooth bowel movement. Houpo Sanwutang has the effect of moving Qi， relieving stuffiness and fullness， removing food stagnation， and regulating bowels. It can be used in treating abdominal distending pain， guarding， constipation， and other diseases with the pathogenesis of stagnated heat and stagnated Qi in the stomach. The above results provide reference for the future development and research of Houpo Sanwutang.

Intestinal fibrosis is a significant clinical challenge in inflammatory bowel diseases, but no effective anti-fibrotic therapy is currently available. Glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R) are both peptide hormone receptors involved in energy metabolism of epithelial cells. However, their role in intestinal fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Herein GCGR and GLP1R were found to be reduced in the stenotic ileum of patients with Crohn's disease as well as in the fibrotic colon of mice with chronic colitis. The downregulation of GCGR and GLP1R led to the accumulation of the metabolic byproduct lactate, resulting in histone H3K9 lactylation and exacerbated intestinal fibrosis through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Dual activating GCGR and GLP1R by peptide 1907B reduced the H3K9 lactylation in epithelial cells and ameliorated intestinal fibrosis in vivo. We uncovered the role of GCGR/GLP1R in regulating EMT involved in intestinal fibrosis via histone lactylation. Simultaneously activating GCGR/GLP1R with the novel dual agonist peptide 1907B holds promise as a treatment strategy for alleviating intestinal fibrosis.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the mechanisms of Qingre Lidan Jiedu Recipe (QLJR) for improving cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load. METHODS: Seventy-five male SD rats were randomized into normal control group, model group, QLJR group, penicillamine (PCA) group, and QLJR+ PCA group. Except for those in the control group, all the rats were fed a high-copper diet for 12 weeks. The effects of the treatments on cognitive function of the rats were assessed using the Barnes maze and passive avoidance tests. Hippocampal expressions of NIX, FUNDC1 and LC3 of the rats were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, and changes in mitochondrial morphology were observed with transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Behavioral tests showed prolonged target hole latency, shortened latency to enter the dark chamber, and increased error counts of the rats in the model group, which were significantly improved in QLJR+PCA group; the error counts were significantly lower in QLJR+PCA group than in either QLJR or PCA group. Among all the groups, the hippocampal expressions of NIX and FUNDC1 were the lowest and LC3 I/II expression the highest in the model group; NIX and FUNDC1 expressions were significantly higher and LC3 I expression was lower in QLJR+PCA group than in QLJR group and PCA group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed weakened NIX and FUNDC1 expressions and enhanced LC3 expression in the hippocampus of the rats in the model group as compared with those in the normal control and QLJR+PCA groups, but their expressions did not differ significantly between QLJR and PCA groups. The rats in the model group showed obvious structural disarray of the mitochondria, which were improved in all the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS QLJR improves cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load possibly by regulating mitophagy.
Animals ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Copper/toxicity* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Hippocampus/drug effects* ; Cognition Disorders/drug therapy* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/chemically induced*

The classic formula Fangji Fulingtang is from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Eastern Han dynasty. It is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with the effects of reinforcing Qi and invigorating spleen， warming Yang and promoting urination. By a review of ancient medical books， this paper summarizes the composition， original plants， processing， dosage， decocting methods， indications and other key information of Fangji Fulingtang， aiming to provide a literature basis for the research， development， and clinical application of preparations based on this formula. Synonyms of Fangji Fulingtang exist in ancient medical books， while the formula composition in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is more widespread and far-reaching. In this formula， Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried root of Stephania tetrandra， the dried root of Astragalus embranaceus var. mongholicus， the dried shoot of Cinnamomum cassia， the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos， and the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， respectively. Fangji Fulingtang is mainly produced into powder， with the dosage and decocting method used in the past dynasties basically following the original formula. Each bag is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix 13.80 g， Astragali Radix 13.80 g， Cinnamomi Ramulus 13.80 g， Poria 27.60 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9.20 g. The raw materials are purified， decocted in water from 1 200 mL to 400 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm， 3 times a day. Fangji Fulingtang was originally designed for treating skin edema， and then it was used to treat impediment in the Qing dynasty. In modern times， it is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases and circulatory system diseases， demonstrating definite effects on various types of edema and heart failure. This paper clarifies the inheritance of Fangji Fulingtang and reveals its key information （attached to the end of this paper）， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of preparations based on this formula.

The classic formula Fangji Fulingtang is from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Eastern Han dynasty. It is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with the effects of reinforcing Qi and invigorating spleen， warming Yang and promoting urination. By a review of ancient medical books， this paper summarizes the composition， original plants， processing， dosage， decocting methods， indications and other key information of Fangji Fulingtang， aiming to provide a literature basis for the research， development， and clinical application of preparations based on this formula. Synonyms of Fangji Fulingtang exist in ancient medical books， while the formula composition in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is more widespread and far-reaching. In this formula， Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， Astragali Radix， Cinnamomi Ramulus， Poria， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the dried root of Stephania tetrandra， the dried root of Astragalus embranaceus var. mongholicus， the dried shoot of Cinnamomum cassia， the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos， and the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis， respectively. Fangji Fulingtang is mainly produced into powder， with the dosage and decocting method used in the past dynasties basically following the original formula. Each bag is composed of Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix 13.80 g， Astragali Radix 13.80 g， Cinnamomi Ramulus 13.80 g， Poria 27.60 g， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 9.20 g. The raw materials are purified， decocted in water from 1 200 mL to 400 mL， and the decoction should be taken warm， 3 times a day. Fangji Fulingtang was originally designed for treating skin edema， and then it was used to treat impediment in the Qing dynasty. In modern times， it is mostly used to treat musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases and circulatory system diseases， demonstrating definite effects on various types of edema and heart failure. This paper clarifies the inheritance of Fangji Fulingtang and reveals its key information （attached to the end of this paper）， aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the development of preparations based on this formula.

Various researches have reported on the relationship between homocysteine levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Researchers are increasingly focusing on the impact of homocysteine on female reproductive health and figuring out the potential positive effects of lowering homocysteine levels on women fertility. Our review aims to systematically summarize the possible roles of homocysteine in female reproductive disorders based on relevant studies from the past 15 years and therapeutic prospects targeting homocysteine to improve the reproductive health of women.

Objective To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and obstruc-tive sleep apnea syndrome(OSA)using a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)approach.Methods Eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were selected from genome-wide association study(GWAS)databases as instrumental variables.A bidirectional MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the causal effects between gut microbiota and OSA.Various statistical methods,including the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method,MR-Egger regression,the weighted model method,and the weighted median method,were employed for association assessment.The MR pleiot-ropy residual sum and outlier(MR-PRESSO)test,along with Cochran's Q test and the leave-one-out cross-validation method,were used to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy.Results According to the IVW method analysis,an increased abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium(sp002397985)(OR=0.847,95％CI,0.719 to 0.997,P=0.046)was associated with a reduced risk of OSA.Conversely,increased abundances of the genera Bacteroides(OR=1.075,95％CI,1.016 to 1.138,P=0.012),Haemophilus(sp001679485)(OR=1.106,95％CI,1.016 to 1.203,P=0.021),Streptococcus(OR=1.168,95％CI,1.036 to 1.316,P=0.011),and Blautia(sp002159835)(OR=1.169,95％CI,1.035 to 1.319,P=0.012)were associated with an elevated risk of OSA.The reverse MR analysis revealed no significant association between the risk of OSA and the abundance of gut microbiota.The results of Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger test,and MR-PRESSO test indicated no het-erogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy(P＞0.05).Conclusion Causal relationships exist between the five genera(Faecalibacterium,Bacteroides,Haemophilus,Streptococcus,and Blautia)and the risk of OSA.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of Qingre Lidan Jiedu Recipe(QLJR)for improving cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load.Methods Seventy-five male SD rats were randomized into normal control group,model group,QLJR group,penicillamine(PCA)group,and QLJR+PCA group.Except for those in the control group,all the rats were fed a high-copper diet for 12 weeks.The effects of the treatments on cognitive function of the rats were assessed using the Barnes maze and passive avoidance tests.Hippocampal expressions of NIX,FUNDC1 and LC3 of the rats were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining,and changes in mitochondrial morphology were observed with transmission electron microscopy.Results Behavioral tests showed prolonged target hole latency,shortened latency to enter the dark chamber,and increased error counts of the rats in the model group,which were significantly improved in QLJR+PCA group;the error counts were significantly lower in QLJR+PCA group than in either QLJR or PCA group.Among all the groups,the hippocampal expressions of NIX and FUNDC1 were the lowest and LC3 I/II expression the highest in the model group;NIX and FUNDC1 expressions were significantly higher and LC3 I expression was lower in QLJR+PCA group than in QLJR group and PCA group.Immunofluorescence staining revealed weakened NIX and FUNDC1 expressions and enhanced LC3 expression in the hippocampus of the rats in the model group as compared with those in the normal control and QLJR+PCA groups,but their expressions did not differ significantly between QLJR and PCA groups.The rats in the model group showed obvious structural disarray of the mitochondria,which were improved in all the treatment groups.Conclusion QLJR improves cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load possibly by regulating mitophagy.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of lingual mucosal graft ureteroplasty (LMGU) for managing long-segment (≥5 cm) ureteral strictures in a multi-institutional cohort of patients.Methods:A multi-center retrospective case series study was conducted on clinical data from 42 patients undergoing LMGU for long-segment ureteral strictures (≥5 cm) across five institutions between February 2017 and June 2024. The cohort comprised 31 males and 11 females, with an age of (43.4±12.0) years (range: 15 to 64 years) and a body mass index of (24.6±2.6) kg/m2 (range: 16.0 to 30.0 kg/m2). Strictures involved the left ureter in 24 cases and right ureter in 18 cases, demonstrating a stricture length of (6.4±1.5) cm (range: 5.0 to 11.5 cm). Surgical interventions included either onlay ureteroplasty or augmented anastomotic ureteroplasty, selected according to intraoperative findings. Intraoperative parameters, postoperative complications, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed.Results:Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 22 cases and robot-assisted surgery in 20 cases. Among the 42 patients, 22 underwent onlay ureteroplasty while 20 received augmented anastomotic ureteroplasty. The graft length was (5.9±1.8) cm (range: 3.0 to 12.0 cm), operative time (191.5±55.6) minutes (range: 105.0 to 350.0 minutes), and intraoperative estimated blood loss (86.7±73.6) ml (range: 10.0 to 400.0 ml). All procedures were successfully completed without conversion to open surgery. The postoperative hospital stay was (7.6±2.0) days (range: 4.0 to 15.0 days), with double-J stent removal at 6 to 8 weeks postoperatively. During a follow-up of (49.1±25.0) months (range: 12.0 to 99.0 months), no stricture recurrence was observed in any patient.Conclusion:LMGU is a safe, feasible, and effective long-term technique for managing long-segment (≥5 cm) ureteral strictures.

Objective The aim of this study was to detect the expression of miR-383-5p in bladder cancer tissues and bladder cancer 5637 cells,BIU-87 cells,TCCSUP cells and HT-1376 cells,and to explore the effects of miR-383-5p on the prolif-eration,invasion,migration and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by targeting CIP2A.Methods The expression of miR-383-5p was detected by qRT-PCR in human bladder cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent tissues,5637 cells,BIU-87 cells,TCCSUP cells,HT-1376 cells,human bladder transitional epithelial cells.BIU-87 cells with low miR-383-5p expression were selected for subsequent experiments.BIU-87 cells were divided into the blank group(normal culture),miR-383-5p NC group(negative control,transfected with miR-383-5p negative control),miR-383-5p mimic group(transfected with miR-383-5p mimic),and miR-383-5p mimic+pc-CIP2A group(co-transfected with miR-383-5p mimic and CIP2A overexpression plasmid pc-CIP2A).CCK-8 kit was used to detect the viability of BIU-87 cells in each group;Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis of BIU-87 cells;Transwell assay was used to measure cell invasion ability of BIU-87 cells;Scratch assay was used to measure cell migration ability of BIU-87 cells;Western blot was used to determine the expression of proteins related to apoptosis,invasion(MMP-2,MMP-9),and CIP2A/PP2A in BIU-87 cells;The dual luciferase assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-383-5p and CIP2A in BIU-87 cells.Results The expression of miR-383-5p was low in bladder cancer tissues and bladder cancer cells.Compared with the blank group,BIU-87 cells in the miR-383-5p mimic group showed a significant increase the level of miR-383-5p(0.91±0.10 vs.1.67±0.24,P<0.01)and a significant decrease in the expression of CIP2A protein(1.32±0.17 vs.0.45±0.03,P<0.001),the cell viability,invasion,migration abilities,the expression of proteins related to invasion(MMP-2,MMP-9),and the expression of Bcl-2 protein[(100.00±4.36)% vs.(32.15±2.65)% ,(150.20±12.95)vs.(82.35±7.01),(77.91±3.63)% vs.(46.12±2.54)% ,1.02±0.11 vs.0.22±0.04,1.03±0.18 vs.0.21±0.04,1.01±0.14 vs.0.27±0.05,P<0.001];The apoptosis rate,the expression of caspase-3 and Bax proteins related to apoptosis,and PP2A expression were significantly increased[(14.02±2.29)% vs.(38.21±3.20)% ],0.81±0.11 vs.1.78±0.24,0.83±0.12 vs.1.72±0.24,0.27±0.02 vs.0.95±0.16,P<0.001].Compared with the miR-383-5p mimic group,BIU-87 cells in the miR-383-5p mimic+pc-CIP2A group significantly increased the cell viability,invasion,migration abilities,the expression of proteins related to invasion,and the expression of Bcl-2 protein[(32.15±2.65)% vs.(50.18±3.77)% ,(82.35±7.01)% vs.(116.30±13.70),(46.12±2.54)% vs.(58.43±3.15)% ,0.22±0.04 vs.0.60±0.08,0.21±0.04 vs.0.5 8±0.06,0.27±0.05 vs.0.64±0.08,P<0.05];The apoptosis rate,the expression of caspase-3,Bax,and PP2A was signifi-cantly reduced in the miR-383-5p mimic+pc-CIP2A group[(38.21±3.20)% (23.15±2.74)% ,1.78±0.24 vs.1.25±0.21,1.72±0.24 vs.1.23±0.18,0.95±0.16 vs.0.60±0.13,P<0.05].The results of dual luciferase experiments showed a corresponding tar-geting relationship between miR-383-5p and CIP2A.Conclusion Increasing the expression of miR-383-5p can inhibit the prolif-eration,invasion and migration of bladder cancer BIU-87 cells,and enhance the ability of apoptosis,which may be achieved by targe-ted regulation of CIP2A.