The prevalence of aortic stenosis and regurgitation among the elderly population in China has been increasing year by year.Transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI), as a minimally invasive interventional treatment technique, has become the preferred treatment option for elderly patients with aortic valve disease.It is worth noting that postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD), as an important neurocognitive complication after TAVI, is significantly associated with poor prognosis.However, the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical outcomes of POCD remain controversial.This study systematically reviews the existing evidence to elucidate the epidemiological profile, occurrence mechanisms, and relevant clinical risk factors of POCD after TAVI.Furthermore, it explores the neurocognitive assessment methods suitable for this population and critically discusses the clinical application value and research limitations of the current preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Atherosclerosis is a complex pathological condition resulting from lipid deposition， chronic inflammatory responses， and fibrosis， with a prolonged disease course and multifactorial etiology. Based on the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory of accumulation syndrome， atherosclerosis can be classified under this category， with its pathogenesis involving phlegm， blood stasis， deficiency， and accumulation. This paper proposed a stage-based intervention strategy using the four therapeutic principles of "attacking， supplementing， dispersing， dissipating"， and divided into six stages based on the pathological progression， including the stage of accumulation before formation， the stage of accumulation already formed， the stage of nucleus accumulation， the stage of nucleus accumulation decay， the stage of nucleus accumulation consolidation， and the stage of severe stenosis of nucleus. At different stages， the intervention focuses on reinforcing healthy qi and consolidating the root， tonifying the kidneys and spleen， dispersing and removing turbidity， removing phlegm stagnation， promoting qi circulation， dispersing accumulations and removing stasis， attacking accumulation and expelling stasis， directing the turbid downward and dispersing accumulation， and treatment would be adjusted based on specific symptoms， which provides a theoretical framework for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis with TCM.

Regarded as a pivotal strategy for comprehensively upgrading the healthcare system,Digital transformation is highly valued by policymakers.The essence of digital transformation in healthcare encompasses transformation practices across multiple facets,including healthcare facility administrators,service providers,patients,regulators and payers.However,digital transformation also poses numerous challenges,such as data security,technological adaptation,doctor-patient communication,regulatory balance and payment process optimization.To address these challenges,it is recommended to enhance data security and privacy protection,optimize technology learning and adaptation,balance technology application with clinical experience,improve data governance and business processes,strengthen patients'digital literacy,balance standardization with innovation,and optimize payment processes.These suggestions provide a reference for advancing the digitalization process of China's healthcare industry.

Regarded as a pivotal strategy for comprehensively upgrading the healthcare system,Digital transformation is highly valued by policymakers.The essence of digital transformation in healthcare encompasses transformation practices across multiple facets,including healthcare facility administrators,service providers,patients,regulators and payers.However,digital transformation also poses numerous challenges,such as data security,technological adaptation,doctor-patient communication,regulatory balance and payment process optimization.To address these challenges,it is recommended to enhance data security and privacy protection,optimize technology learning and adaptation,balance technology application with clinical experience,improve data governance and business processes,strengthen patients'digital literacy,balance standardization with innovation,and optimize payment processes.These suggestions provide a reference for advancing the digitalization process of China's healthcare industry.

The prevalence of aortic stenosis and regurgitation among the elderly population in China has been increasing year by year.Transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI), as a minimally invasive interventional treatment technique, has become the preferred treatment option for elderly patients with aortic valve disease.It is worth noting that postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD), as an important neurocognitive complication after TAVI, is significantly associated with poor prognosis.However, the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical outcomes of POCD remain controversial.This study systematically reviews the existing evidence to elucidate the epidemiological profile, occurrence mechanisms, and relevant clinical risk factors of POCD after TAVI.Furthermore, it explores the neurocognitive assessment methods suitable for this population and critically discusses the clinical application value and research limitations of the current preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Esophageal cancer threatens the lives and health of humans for a long time owing to its high morbidity and mortality. Surgical treatment is still the first choice for early-stage esophageal cancer now, but its high mortality and complication rate during perioperative period cause a huge physiological and psychological burden on patients. The concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) was first proposed for colorectal surgery, and later promoted to other surgical fields. Its application in esophagectomy successfully reduces the high mortality and complication rate in the perioperative stage and promotes the rapid recovery of patients. However, the application of ERAS in the field of esophageal cancer is relatively late, and its promotion and application are relatively limited compared to other surgical procedures. In this paper, we review the relevant literature at home and abroad in combination with the current progress of ERAS application of esophageal cancer in China. We also summarize the relevant problems related to the implementation of ERAS, in order to help the promotion and application of ERAS in the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive axonopathy, jointly leading to the dying back of the motor neuron, disrupting both nerve signaling and motor control. In this review, we highlight the roles of axonopathy in ALS progression, driven by the interplay of multiple factors including defective trafficking machinery, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dysfunctional intracellular transport, caused by disruptions in microtubules, molecular motors, and adaptors, has been identified as a key contributor to disease progression. Aberrant protein aggregation involving TDP-43, FUS, SOD1, and dipeptide repeat proteins further amplifies neuronal toxicity. Mitochondrial defects lead to ATP depletion, oxidative stress, and Ca²⁺ imbalance, which are regarded as key factors underlying the loss of neuromuscular junctions and axonopathy. Mitigating these defects through interventions including neurotrophic treatments offers therapeutic potential. Collaborative research efforts aim to unravel ALS complexities, opening avenues for holistic interventions that target diverse pathological mechanisms.
Humans ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/therapy* ; Animals ; Axons/metabolism* ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Motor Neurons/pathology*

Objective:To construct an evaluation index system for the perioperative medical service efficiency.Methods:From September to November 2023, this study conducted literature search and research group discussions to select initial indicators for evaluating the efficiency of perioperative medical services guided by value-based healthcare; 2-round Delphi methods were used to construct an evaluation index system for perioperative medical service efficiency, and the weights of the indicators were determined using the analytic hierarchy process.Results:The expert motivation for both rounds of Delphi method was 100.00%, the expert authority coefficient was 0.94, and the Kendall coordination scores were 0.56 and 0.75, respectively. The final established evaluation index system for perioperative medical service efficiency included 2 primary indexes, 9 secondary indexes, and 41 tertiary indexes. The first level indexes included medical quality and medical cost, with relative weights of 66.67% and 33.33%, respectively. Among them, medical quality included 7 secondary indexes: medical management, medical safety, service mode, information construction, patient outcomes, service efficiency, and satisfaction; Medical costs include 2 secondary indiexes: patient costs and medical institution costs.Conclusions:The evaluation index system for the efficiency of perioperative medical services reflected the connotation of value-based healthcare and could comprehensively and objectively evaluate the efficiency of perioperative medical services.

Objective:To explore the positive rates of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid at different time of courses of COVID-19.Methods:Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Nasal and throat swabs were collected from different courses of disease. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect 2019-nCoV nucleic acid.Results:From January 23 to February 20, 2020, a total of 120 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in Xi’an, and 85 cases(70.83%) were positive in first detection. The COVID-19 cases included consistently nucleic acid positive and intermittently nucleic acid positive patients. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid could be detected in incubation period, and the longest observed duration of nucleic acid positive in this study was 26 days. The positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid was up to 84.21% on the 6th day, and the positive rate decreased as time passed during the course of COVID-19. Three patients (2.86%) were tested positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid again in nasal and throat swabs after discharge.Conclusions:The positive rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid was higher in the early stage of disease. 2019-nCoV nucleic acid can be detected in incubation period, and virus shedding may last for a long period.

Objective:To investigate the positive rates of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in different specimens from confirmed COVID-19 cases during hospitalization and after discharge.Methods:Patients with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled from designated hospitals. Nasal swabs, throat swabs, and specimens of stool, urine and blood were collected during hospitalization. After the patients were discharged, nasal swabs, throat swabs and stool specimens were collected during follow-up. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect 2019-nCoV nucleic acid.Results:This study involved 25 confirmed COVID-19 cases. During hospitalization, all patients tested positive in both nasal and throat swab 2019-nCoV nucleic acid tests, and nine of them (36.00%) were positive in stool specimen test. Urine and blood specimen test results were all negative. Nasal swabs, throat swabs and stool specimens were collected from each patient 7 d and 14 d after discharge. Two patients (8.00%) tested positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid again in nasal and throat swab tests on 7 d, while all stool specimen tests were negative. No 2019-nCoV nucleic acid was detected in nasal swabs, throat swabs or stool samples on 14 d.Conclusions:2019-nCoV nucleic acid was detected in stool samples of confirmed COVID-19 cases during hospitalization. Nasal and throat swab nucleic acid tests turned positive again in some patients after discharge.