Objective: To investigate the mediating role of children s sleep quality in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children, providing a reference for promoting the development of the executive function of preschool children. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 842 preschoolers from 12 kindergartens in Wuhu City, Anhui Province in December 2021 as the subjects of the first follow up study with follow up every six months thereafter. Finally, 746 children were included in the study after 3 follow up. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the associations among mother-child relationship, sleep quality and executive function in preschool children. Bootstrap program and PROCESS software were applied to test the mediating effect of sleep quality in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children. Results: Conflictual mother-child relationship was positively correlated with the total score of executive function, as well as scores of inhibitory, shifting, emotional control, working memory, and organizational planning ( r=0.40, 0.37, 0.36, 0.41, 0.38 , 0.34, all P <0.05). Dependent mother-child relationship was positively correlated with the total score of executive function, as well as scores of inhibitory, shifting, emotional control, working memory , and organizational planning ( r=0.23, 0.20, 0.21, 0.22 , 0.22, 0.19, all P <0.05). Sleep quality was positively correlated with the total executive function score ( r=0.27, P <0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, sleep quality played a partial mediating role in the associations between dependent and conflictual mother-child relationships and executive function, the mediating effects were 19.40% and 11.22% respectively. Conclusions Sleep quality plays a mediating role in the association between mother-child relationship and the executive function of preschool children. Improving sleep quality in the early stage can promote the executive function of preschool children.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different fermentation methods and times on the fungal flora and chemical composition of Aurantii Fructus， in order to obtain the optimal fermentation conditions and flora structure， and to ensure the stability and controllability of the fermented varieties. MethodsScanning electron microscopy was used to observe and analyze the colony characteristics on the surface of Aurantii Fructus under different fermentation conditions. Internal transcribed spacer 2（ITS2） high-throughput sequencing， combined with fungal community diversity analysis and fungal community structure analysis， were used to obtain the fungal flora microbial categories of Aurantii Fructus under the conditions of traditional pressure-shelf fermentation and non-pressure-shelf natural fermentation for 7， 14， 21 d（numbered Y1-Y3 for the former， and numbered F1-F3 for the latter）， respectively. At the same time， the chemical components in the fermentation process were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）， combined with principal component analysis（PCA）， partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） and compound retention time， parent ions， characteristic fragment ions and other information， the differential compounds between the different fermentation samples were screened and identified. ResultsThe analysis of fungal community diversity showed that the dominant flora did not change at different fermentation time points in the traditional pressure-shelf fermentation method， while in the non-pressure-shelf natural fermentation method， there was a significant difference with the fermentation process， and at the genus level， the dominant genus of samples Y1， Y2， Y3 and F2 was Aspergillus， while the dominant genera of samples F1 and F3 were both Rhizopus. This indicated that the microbial growth environment provided by the traditional fermentation method was more stable， and the microbial community structure was more stable， which was more conducive to the stable and controllable fermentation process and fermented products. A total of 155 compounds were identified by compositional analysis， including 70 flavonoids， 38 coumarins， 10 alkaloids， 34 organic acids and 3 other compounds. After fermentation， two new components of ribalinine and pranferin were produced. Different fermentation conditions also brought about differences in chemical composition， multivariate statistical analysis obtained 26 differential compounds under two different fermentation methods， mainly including flavonoids， organic acids and coumarins. Comprehensively， the microbial community structure of samples fermented by the traditional pressure-shelf method of Aurantii Fructus for 14 d was stable， the species richness was high and the overall content of differential compounds was high， which was the optimal processing condition. ConclusionCompared with non-pressure-shelf natural fermentation， the traditional method has obvious advantages in terms of the stability of the microbial community structure and the content of chemical compounds， and the optimal condition is 14 days of fermentation. This study is helpful to promote the quality stability and fermentation bioavailability of fermented products of Aurantii Fructus， as well as to provide an experimental basis for the further improvement of the quality control methods of this variety.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different fermentation methods and times on the fungal flora and chemical composition of Aurantii Fructus， in order to obtain the optimal fermentation conditions and flora structure， and to ensure the stability and controllability of the fermented varieties. MethodsScanning electron microscopy was used to observe and analyze the colony characteristics on the surface of Aurantii Fructus under different fermentation conditions. Internal transcribed spacer 2（ITS2） high-throughput sequencing， combined with fungal community diversity analysis and fungal community structure analysis， were used to obtain the fungal flora microbial categories of Aurantii Fructus under the conditions of traditional pressure-shelf fermentation and non-pressure-shelf natural fermentation for 7， 14， 21 d（numbered Y1-Y3 for the former， and numbered F1-F3 for the latter）， respectively. At the same time， the chemical components in the fermentation process were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）， combined with principal component analysis（PCA）， partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） and compound retention time， parent ions， characteristic fragment ions and other information， the differential compounds between the different fermentation samples were screened and identified. ResultsThe analysis of fungal community diversity showed that the dominant flora did not change at different fermentation time points in the traditional pressure-shelf fermentation method， while in the non-pressure-shelf natural fermentation method， there was a significant difference with the fermentation process， and at the genus level， the dominant genus of samples Y1， Y2， Y3 and F2 was Aspergillus， while the dominant genera of samples F1 and F3 were both Rhizopus. This indicated that the microbial growth environment provided by the traditional fermentation method was more stable， and the microbial community structure was more stable， which was more conducive to the stable and controllable fermentation process and fermented products. A total of 155 compounds were identified by compositional analysis， including 70 flavonoids， 38 coumarins， 10 alkaloids， 34 organic acids and 3 other compounds. After fermentation， two new components of ribalinine and pranferin were produced. Different fermentation conditions also brought about differences in chemical composition， multivariate statistical analysis obtained 26 differential compounds under two different fermentation methods， mainly including flavonoids， organic acids and coumarins. Comprehensively， the microbial community structure of samples fermented by the traditional pressure-shelf method of Aurantii Fructus for 14 d was stable， the species richness was high and the overall content of differential compounds was high， which was the optimal processing condition. ConclusionCompared with non-pressure-shelf natural fermentation， the traditional method has obvious advantages in terms of the stability of the microbial community structure and the content of chemical compounds， and the optimal condition is 14 days of fermentation. This study is helpful to promote the quality stability and fermentation bioavailability of fermented products of Aurantii Fructus， as well as to provide an experimental basis for the further improvement of the quality control methods of this variety.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture-mediated PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK 1)/Parkin signal pathway activation in treating functional dyspepsia model rats.Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control(n=8)and the modeling groups(n=28)using the random number table method.The functional dyspepsia model was established using the compound etiology modeling method.After successful modeling,24 rats were divided into the model,electroacupuncture,and mosapride groups using the random number table method,with eight rats per group.The blank group was not intervened.The electroacupuncture,mosapride,and model groups were bound for 30 min,and only the electroacupuncture group was administered"Neiguan"(PC 6)and"Gongsun"(SP 4)while bound.The electroacupuncture and model groups were administered the same amount of normal saline,and the mosapride group was given mosapride citrate solution(1.35 mg/kg).The above intervention method were performed once a day for 7 consecutive days to observe the general condition of rats.Gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion experiments were used to observe gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate in each group of rats.The interstitial cells of the Cajal(ICC)ultrastructure of gastric antrum were observed under a transmission electron microscope.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit proto-oncogene protein(C-kit),microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)Ⅱ/Ⅰ,ubiquitin-binding protein p62(p62),Bcl-2 interacting protein 1(Beclin1),PINK1,and Parkin were detected using Western blotting and real-time fluorescence PCR.Results Compared with the blank group,the rats in the model group exhibited lethargy,dull and dry fur,sluggish responses,and substantial decreases in food intake and body weight.Their feces alternated between dry and loose consistency.Furthermore,the gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion rates were reduced(P<0.01).The ultrastructural morphology of ICC and their mitochondria in the gastric antrum tissue showed apparent damage.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit and p62 were decreased(P<0.01),whereas those of PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ were increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the rats in the electroacupuncture and mosapride groups showed notable improvements in their mental state,with neat fur,enhanced activity and responsiveness,gradual increases in food intake and body weight,and well-formed feces.Additionally,the gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion rates increased(P<0.01).The ultrastructural morphology of ICC and their mitochondria in the gastric antrum tissue were notably improved.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit and p62 were increased(P<0.01),whereas those of PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰwere decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture improves the gastrointestinal motility of functional dyspepsia rats,and its mechanism may be related to upregulating C-kit and p62 expression,downregulating PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ expression,inhibiting abnormal PINK1/Parkin signal pathway activation,and blocking the excessive mitophagy of ICC.

Objective:To explore the ideological and political education elements and methods in the introduction to nursing course, so as to enhance its ideological educational effectiveness. Methods:In February 2024, based on a "three-stage" teaching model (pre-class, in-class, and post-class), this study reformed the ideological and political education plan for the introduction to nursing course by integrating online and offline case studies and resources, expanding educational materials, and organizing teaching assessments and effectiveness surveys. A semester-long ideological and political education practice was implemented for 237 first-year nursing students from four classes in Medical College of Xinjiang University of Science and Technology. The effectiveness was evaluated by exam scores and a self-designed Introduction to Nursing Teaching Effectiveness Evaluation Scale under the ideological and political education framework. Results:Among the 237 students, there were 107 males and 130 females, aged (18.50 ± 1.12) years old, 63 achieved a passing grade, 149 achieved a good grade, and 18 achieved an excellent grade, with a pass rate of 97.05% (230/237). The scores of the six dimensions of interest stimulation in teaching methods, acceptance of teaching methods, knowledge review and application, knowledge comprehension and retention, self-challenge and improvement, and satisfaction with learning outcomes within 1 week after the end of the course scores were (3.92 ± 1.11), (4.21 ± 0.82), (4.05 ± 0.97), (4.05 ± 0.89), (4.11 ± 0.94), (4.03 ± 0.90) points, which were significantly higher than 1 week before the start of the course (3.43 ± 1.00), (3.54 ± 1.03), (3.48 ± 1.08), (3.47 ± 1.04), (3.52 ± 1.05), (3.47 ± 1.01) points. The differences were statistically significant ( t values were -19.38- -13.22, all P < 0.01). Conclusions:The "three-stage" teaching model in the introduction to nursing course effectively integrates professional education with ideological and political education, improves students′ academic performance, enhances learning effectiveness in nursing practice, and strengthens the overall impact of ideological and political education.

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at"Neiguan"and"Gongsun"on autophagy and apoptosis related indexes of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD);To explore its possible mechanism on improving gastrointestinal motility of FD.Methods Totally 32 SPF grade SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,electroacupuncture group and Western medicine group,with 8 rats in each group.An FD model was constructed using a composite etiology modeling method.The electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at"Neiguan"and"Gongsun",while the Western medicine group received oral administration of mosapride once a day for 7 consecutive days.The general condition,body mass and average daily intake of rats were observed every week,and gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate were detected,transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the structure of gastric antrum ICC,Western blot was used to observe the expressions of c-kit,Beclin1,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ,p62,Caspase-3 protein in gastric antrum tissue,qPCR was used to observe the mRNA expressions of Beclin1,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ,p62 and c-kit in gastric antrum tissue,TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis rate of cells in gastric antrum tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group rats were mentally lethargic,clustered and curled up,with reduced activity,rough and dull hair,loose and unformed feces,reduced body mass and daily food intake(P<0.05),and gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate decreased(P<0.01),ICC mitochondria swelled and dissolved,with varying degrees of vacuolar formation,rough endoplasmic reticulum dilation and destruction,and a large number of autophagosomes,the expressions of Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ protein and mRNA in gastric antrum tissue increased(P<0.01),the expressions of p62,c-kit protein and mRNA decreased(P<0.01),while Caspase-3 protein expression increased(P<0.01),and the apoptosis rate of gastric antral tissue cells increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the condition of rats in electroacupuncture group and the Western medicine group were improved,with increased responsiveness,increased mobility,neat hair,formed feces,increased body mass and daily food intake(P<0.01),and gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate increase(P<0.01),a normal ICC structure,and a small amount of autophagosomes were still visible,the expressions of Beclin1,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ protein and mRNA in gastric antrum tissue decreased(P<0.01),the expressions of p62,c-kit protein and mRNA increased(P<0.01),while Caspase-3 protein expression decreased(P<0.01),and the apoptosis rate of gastric antral tissue cells decreased(P<0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in various indicators between electroacupuncture group and Western medicine group(P>0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at"Neiguan"and"Gongsun"can restore the number and structure of ICC and improve gastrointestinal motility,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis levels.

Objective:To investigate microstructural alterations in the optic chiasm and optic radiations of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) based on diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI).Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Retrospective analyses were conducted on the clinical and imaging data of 63 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and 62 patients with NMOSD diagnosed at First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023. According to the occurrence of optic neuritis (ON), they were categorized into ON-positive MS (ON+MS) group (40 cases), ON-negative MS (ON-MS) group (23 cases), ON-positive NMOSD (ON+NMOSD) group (40 cases) and ON-negative NMOSD (ON-NMOSD) group (22 cases). In addition, 40 healthy controls were enrolled during the same period. DKI data of all subjects were collected, and DKI post-processing was performed to obtain fractional anisotropy (FA), mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK), and radial kurtosis (RK) values of the optic chiasm and bilateral optic radiations. The scores of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) were obtained. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the differences in DKI parameters of the optic chiasm and bilateral optic radiation among the 5 groups, and the Holm-Bonferroni method was employed for multiple comparison correction in pairwise comparisons.Results:There were statistically significant overall differences in the DKI parameters of the optic chiasm and bilateral optic radiations among healthy control group, ON+MS group, ON-MS group, ON+NMOSD group, and ON-NMOSD group (all P0.05). The FA value of the optic chiasm in ON+NMOSD group was significantly lower than that of healthy control group and ON-MS group, as well as ON-NMOSD group ( P0.05). The FA value of the left optic radiation in ON+NMOSD group was lower than that in healthy control group and the ON-MS group. The RK value of the optic chiasm in ON+MS group was lower than that in the healthy control group and ON-NMOSD group ( P0.05). The MK and RK values of the left optic radiation in ON-MS group were significantly lower than those in the ON+NMOSD group and ON-NMOSD group ( P0.05). Conclusions:NMOSD and RRMS patients demonstrate varying degrees of microstructural damage in the optic chiasm and optic radiations. Differences of DKI parameters suggest different pathological mechanisms of visual pathway damage between NMOSD and MS, which may be helpful for early detection of occult visual pathway lesions.

Objective: To evaluate the incremental vaccine effectiveness (VE) of two dose of the mumps containing vaccine (MuCV) in chidren, so as to provide a basis for optimizing mumps immunization strategies. Methods: A 1∶2 frequency matched case-control study was conducted by using reported mumps cases in childcare centers or schools from Lu an, Hefei, Ma anshan and Huainan cities of Anhui Province from September 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024, as a case group(383 cases). And healthy children in the same classroom were selected as a control group(766 cases). The MuCV immunization histories of participants were collected to estimate the incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV against mumps. Group comparisons were performed using the Chi square test or t-test. For matched case-control pairs, the Cox regression model was employed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for two dose MuCV vaccination and to estimate the incremental vaccine effectiveness (VE). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the case and control groups regarding gender, age, dosage of MuCV vaccination and the time interval since the last dose vaccination( χ 2/t=0.05, 0.20, 0.94, -0.02, P >0.05). The proportions of the case and control groups vaccinated with two doses of MuCV were 26.63% and 29.37%, respectively, and the overall incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV was 40.73% (95% CI=3.03%-63.77%, P <0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that the incremental VE for children with a period of ≥1 year between the two doses of MuCV was 54.13% (95% CI=1.90%-78.56%, P <0.05), while for children with a period of <1 year, it was 30.63% (95% CI=-28.59%-62.58%, P >0.05). The incremental VE of the second dose of MuCV was 30.36% (95% CI=-25.95%-61.50%, P >0.05) in kindergarten children and 66.73% (95% CI=14.92%-86.99%, P <0.05) in elementary and secondary school students. The incremental VE was 28.78% (95% CI=-27.46%-60.21%, P >0.05) within five years of the last dose of MuCV vaccination and 66.07% (95% CI=-41.56%-91.87%, P >0.05) for vaccinations administered beyond five years. Conclusions The second dose of MuCV may offer additional protection for children; however, extending the interval between two dose of MuCV (<1 year) has shown limited incremental protective effects. Therefore, it is crucial to consider optimizing current immunization strategies for mumps.

Kounis syndrome is an acute coronary syndrome triggered by an allergic reaction, which is clinically rare and frequently subject to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. This article presents a case report of a 70-year-old male patient who developed a rash, pruritus, and chest pain following colon polyp resection. Coronary angiography revealed occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, and blood flow was restored after stent implantation. However, the patient experienced recurrent symptoms accompanied by loss of consciousness. Drug skin tests confirmed positive reactions to chlorhexidine and fondaparinux sodium, leading to a diagnosis of type Ⅱ Kounis syndrome. By avoiding allergenic drugs and combining antihistamines with symptomatic treatment to correct myocardial ischemia, the patient′s clinical symptoms significantly improved, and he eventually recovered and was discharged from the hospital. This case underscores the importance of maintaining vigilance for this syndrome in patients with allergies accompanied by chest pain and promptly identifying and avoiding allergens.

Objective In this research,the documents in the field of plant tissue culture in the past decade were compared by the form of charts,and the possible reasons for these results were analyzed.The application of plant tissue culture in the field of medicinal plants was introduced in detail,and the shortcomings of its development were pointed out,in order to provide a reference for the future development of medicinal plant tissue culture.Methods The CNKI and WOS database were used as the data sources,the visual analysis software Bibliometrix,CiteSpace,and VOSviewer were used to analyze the study of plant tissue culture in the past decade.The publication,author,country,institution,citations,and keywords were visualized and discussed.And then,the results were retrieved by using medicinal plants as keywords,and focusing on medicinal plant tissue culture research.Results Within the scope of the study,902 publications in CNKI and 7658 publications in WOS were filtered out.The journals with the largest number of publications in medicinal plant tissue culture accounted for a relatively high proportion.The study reveals that the author of the largest number of Chinese publications,Wei Kunhua specializing in medicinal plants,whereas the most prolific author in English also dabbles in medicinal plants.The institutions with the most amount of publications mainly concerned on the establishment of tissue culture system in the medicinal plant tissue culture.In the issuing country,Chinese output occupies the first place.The hotspots of plant tissue culture research focus on the optimization of culture conditions,metabolomics and genomics in the research.Conclusion The domestic development in the field of plant tissue culture is lagging behind compared with that of foreign countries,and the cooperation and communication among various units should be strengthened;although domestic and foreign countries have paid attention to the medicinal plant tissue culture,most of research still remains in the basic application,and its development can be promoted by combining the research with multi-omics technology.