Objective: To explore the association of physical activity and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with psychological sub health among middle school students in Bao an District, Shenzhen, so as to provide a reference for adolescent mental health promotion. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in November 2024 by a stratified cluster random sampling method to select 6 926 junior and senior middle school students from 5 middle schools in Shenzhen. The questionnaire from Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System was used to assess the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, and physical activity Rating Scale was used to assess the level of physical activity, and Brief Instrument on Psychological Health of Youths was used to evaluate the psychological sub health status. The Chi -square test was used to analyze the differences in the detection rates of psychological sub health among different groups of middle school students, and a multivariate Logistic regression model was established to analyze the effects of physical activity and sugar sweetened beverage consumption and their combined effects on the psychological sub health of middle school students. Results: The detection rate of psychological sub health among middle school students in Bao an District, Shenzhen was 18.93%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for confounding factors such as gender, school stage, family residence, family economic status, parental literacy, academic stress and number of friends, lack of physical activity or excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption were associated with increased risks of psychological sub health among middle school students ( OR =1.36, 1.45); and the highest risk of psychological sub health was found in middle school students who were lack of physical activity and excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption ( OR =2.59) ( P <0.01). Further analysis by school stages showed that junior high school students with sufficient physical activity and excessive intake of sugary drinks ( ROR =2.10), lack of physical activity and excessive intake of sugary drinks ( ROR =2.31) were at higher risks of psychological sub health than senior high school students( P <0.05). Conclusions Insufficient physical activity and excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption are closely associated with an increased risk of psychological sub health among middle school students. Effective interventions should be targeted to reduce the risk of psychological sub health problems among middle school students.

Kounis syndrome is an acute coronary syndrome triggered by an allergic reaction, which is clinically rare and frequently subject to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. This article presents a case report of a 70-year-old male patient who developed a rash, pruritus, and chest pain following colon polyp resection. Coronary angiography revealed occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, and blood flow was restored after stent implantation. However, the patient experienced recurrent symptoms accompanied by loss of consciousness. Drug skin tests confirmed positive reactions to chlorhexidine and fondaparinux sodium, leading to a diagnosis of type Ⅱ Kounis syndrome. By avoiding allergenic drugs and combining antihistamines with symptomatic treatment to correct myocardial ischemia, the patient′s clinical symptoms significantly improved, and he eventually recovered and was discharged from the hospital. This case underscores the importance of maintaining vigilance for this syndrome in patients with allergies accompanied by chest pain and promptly identifying and avoiding allergens.

Metformin has been demonstrated to attenuate hyperglycaemia by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms through which the microbiome mediates metformin monotherapy failure (MMF) are unclear. Herein, in a prospective clinical cohort study of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients treated with metformin monotherapy, metagenomic sequencing of faecal samples revealed that Phocaeicola vulgatus abundance was approximately 12 times higher in nonresponders than in responders. P. vulgatus rapidly hydrolysed taurine-conjugated bile acids, leading to ceramide accumulation and reversing the improvements in glucose intolerance conferred by metformin in high-fat diet-fed mice. Interestingly, C22:0 ceramide bound to mitochondrial fission factor to induce mitochondrial fragmentation and impair hepatic oxidative phosphorylation in P. vulgatus-colonized hyperglycaemic mice, which could be exacerbated by metformin. This work suggests that metformin may be unsuitable for P. vulgatus-rich T2DM patients and that clinicians should be aware of metformin toxicity to mitochondria. Suppressing P. vulgatus growth with cefaclor or improving mitochondrial function using adenosylcobalamin may represent simple, safe, effective therapeutic strategies for addressing MMF.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between plasma fluoride content, daily calcium intake and blood cell parameters in children and adolescents.Methods:This study was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database of the United States from 2013 to 2016, with 3 684 children and adolescents aged 6 - 19 as the research subjects. Information on plasma fluoride content, daily calcium intake and blood cell parameters from the database were collected. Non-linear relationships between plasma fluoride content, daily calcium intake and blood cell parameters were analyzed using restricted cubic splines. If there was a non-linear relationship, the optimal inflection point was calculated using threshold/saturation effect analysis method. Subsequently, multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the associations among the three, and the modification effect of daily calcium intake (binary classification, stratified by median daily calcium intake) on the association between plasma fluoride content and blood cell parameters was analyzed.Results:There was no non-linear relationship between plasma fluoride content and white blood cell count, hemoglobin content and platelet count ( Pnon-linear > 0.05), but there was a non-linear relationship between plasma fluoride content and erythrocyte count and hematocrit ( Pnon-linear < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, the optimal inflection points of the effects of plasma fluoride content on erythrocyte count and hematocrit were 0.54 and 0.31 μmol/L, respectively. There was no non-linear relationship between daily calcium intake and blood cell parameters ( Pnon-linear > 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, for every 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride content, the white blood cell count increased by 0.49 × 10 9/L ( P = 0.009). There was a saturation effect in the association between plasma fluoride content, erythrocyte count and hematocrit: when plasma fluoride content was < 0.54 μmol/L, the erythrocyte count decreased by 0.46 × 10 12/L for every 1 μmol/L increase ( P < 0.001). When plasma fluoride content was < 0.31 μmol/L, the hematocrit decreased by 6.29% for every 1 μmol/L increase ( P = 0.006). The above associations were not statistically significant when plasma fluoride content was higher than the optimal inflection points ( P > 0.05). After stratification according to the median daily calcium intake, in the low-calcium group (daily calcium intake < 0.87 g), for every 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride content, the white blood cell count increased by 0.77 × 10 9/L ( P = 0.001). When plasma fluoride content was < 0.54 μmol/L, the erythrocyte count decreased by 0.41 × 10 12/L for every 1 μmol/L increase ( P = 0.002). When plasma fluoride content was ≥0.54 μmol/L, erythrocyte count decreased by 0.47 × 10 12/L for every 1 μmol/L increase ( P < 0.001). When the plasma fluoride content was < 0.31 μmol/L, the hematocrit decreased by 8.29% for every 1 μmol/L increase ( P = 0.011). The above associations were not statistically significant in the high-calcium group (daily calcium intake ≥0.87 g, P > 0.05). There was an interaction of daily calcium intake and plasma fluoride content on platelet count ( Pinteraction = 0.070), as demonstrated by an increase in platelet count of 12.68 × 10 9/L ( P = 0.013) in the low-calcium group and a decrease in platelet count of 9.05 × 10 9/L ( P = 0.035) in the high-calcium group for every 1 μmol/L increase in plasma fluoride content. Conclusions:The blood cell parameters of children and adolescents are closely related to plasma fluoride content, but not directly related to daily calcium intake. However, the correlation between plasma fluoride content and blood cell parameters varies among different calcium intake populations, and daily calcium intake can modify the association between plasma fluoride content and platelet count.

Objective: To analyze the associations among body mass index (BMI), learning screen/gaming screen exposure and executive function in preschool children in Anhui Province, so as to provide a basis for promoting the development of executive function in preschool children. Methods: In June 2022, a stratified cluster sampling and convenience sampling methods were used to survey 3 534 mothers of preschool children in Wuhu City, Luan City, and Fuyang City, Anhui Province. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) was used to assess the preschool childrens executive function abnormalities. Binary Logistic regression was conducted to examine the relationships among BMI, learning screen/gaming screen exposure, and their combined effects on executive function abnormalities. Results: The detection rate of abnormal executive function in preschool children was 9.65%. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for the confounding factors such as pregnancyinduced hypertension, primary caregivers, family per capita monthly income and family structure, the risk of abnormal executive function of children in overweight/obesity group and high learning screen/gaming screen exposure group increased significantly (overweight/obesity:OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.31-2.42, learning screen exposure:OR=1.48, 95%CI=1.18-1.86, gaming screen exposure:OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.18-1.91,P<0.05). Compared with children with normal BMI and low learning screen/gaming screen screen exposure, those with both overweight/obesity and high learning screen/gaming screen exposure had a significantly greater risk of executive function abnormalities (OR=2.07, 95%CI=1.29-3.31; OR=2.42, 95%CI=1.59-3.68,P<0.05). Conclusions Overweight/obesity and high learning screen/gaming screen exposure are important risk factors for executive function abnormalities in preschool children. Therefore, actively guiding preschool children to develop healthy life habits to promote the normal development of their executive functions is essential.

The incidence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTLVF) in the elderly is gradually increasing. The kyphotic deformity caused by various factors has become an important characteristic of OTLVF and has received increasing attention. Its clinical manifestations include pain, delayed nerve damage, sagittal imbalance, etc. Currently, the definition and diagnosis of OTLVF with kyphotic deformity in the elderly are still unclear. Although there are many treatment options, they are controversial. Existing guidelines or consensuses pay little attention to this type of fracture with kyphotic deformity. To this end, the Lumbar Education Working Group of the Spine Branch of the Chinese Medicine Education Association and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized the experts in the relevant fields to jointly develop Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with kyphotic deformity in the elderly ( version 2024), based on evidence-based medical advancements and the principles of scientificity, practicality, and advanced nature, which provided 18 recommendations to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Complex brain diseases seriously endanger human health, and early diagnostic biomarkers and effective treatments are currently lacking. Due to ethical constraints on human research, establishing monkey models is crucial to address these issues. With the rapid development of technology, transgenic monkey models of a range of brain diseases, especially autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have been successfully established. However, to establish practical and effective brain disease models and subsequently apply them to disease mechanism and treatment studies, there is still a lack of a standard tool, i.e., a system for collecting and analyzing the daily behaviors of brain disease model monkeys. Therefore, with the goal of undertaking a comprehensive and quantitative study of behavioral phenotypes, we established a standard daily behavior collection and analysis system, including behavioral data collection protocols and a monkey daily behavior ethogram (MDBE) for rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys, which are the most commonly used non-human primates in model construction. Then, we used ASD as an application example after referring to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), which is widely used in clinical disease diagnosis to obtain ASD core clinical symptoms. We then established a sub-ethogram (ASD monkey core behavior ethogram (MCBE-ASD)) specifically for quantitative assessment of the core clinical symptoms of an ASD monkey model based on MDBE. Subsequently, we demonstrated the high reproducibility of the system.
Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Macaca mulatta ; Disease Models, Animal ; Behavior, Animal ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Humans

Objective : To investigate the expression of class A scavenger receptor 1(MSR1) in the lungs of silico⁃ sis mice and its role in inflammation and lipid metabolism mediated by mouse mononuclear macrophages (RAW264. 7) . Methods : 24 C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into control group , exposed 7 d group , exposed 14 d group , exposed 28 d group , with 6 mice in each group. RAW264. 7 cells were divided into control group , siRNA⁃MSR1 group , SiO2 group and siRNA⁃MSR1 + SiO2 stimulation group. The pathological changes of lung tissue in mice were observed by HE and VG staining. Lipid accumulation was observed under oil red O staining microscope. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was used to detect the expression and localization of MSR1 . The expression of MSR1 , tumor necrosis factor (TNF) Ⅳα , interleukin (IL) Ⅳ6 and IL⁃1β were detected by Western blot. Results : Compared with the control group , HE and VG staining results showed that inflammatory cells gathered and collagen distribution increased in the lung tissue of silicosis mice. Oil red O staining showed that a large number of orange⁃red lipid droplets appeared in the lung tissue of mice. IHC results showed that the expression of MSR1 was up⁃regulated in silicosis inflammation stage. Western blot results showed that the expression of MSR1, TNF⁃α , IL⁃6 and IL⁃1β was up⁃regulated in silicosis inflammation stage (P < 0. 05) . The expression of MSR1 in the SiO2 cell stimulation group was up⁃regulated ( P < 0. 05 ) , and the expression of MSR1 in the siRNA⁃MSR1 group decreased (P < 0. 05) , and lipid droplets also appeared in the SiO2 cell stimulation group. The accumulation of lipid droplets in siRNA⁃MSR1 + SiO2 stimulation group was lower than that in SiO2 group (P < 0. 01) . ELISA results showed that the expression of TNF⁃α , IL⁃6 and IL⁃1β in SiO2 cell stimulation group was up⁃regulated ( P <0. 05) . Compared with SiO2 group , the expression of TNF⁃α , IL⁃6 and IL⁃1β in siRNA⁃MSR1 + SiO2 stimulation group was down⁃regulated (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion MSR1 is involved in the regulation of lipid components and the release of inflammatory factors in lung tissue and cells of silicosis mice. Inhibition of MSR1 expression can an⁃ tagonize the inflammatory response and abnormal lipid accumulation in macrophages. MSR1 may be a potential therapeutic target for future intervention in the progression of silicosis.

Objective To establish an efficient method for isolating migrasomes from RAW264.7 macrophages and identifying these isolated migrasomes. Methods Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphological characteristics of migrasomes produced by RAW264.7 cells. A 0.45 μm filter was employed for reverse filtration and elution to isolate the migrasomes. The morphological characteristics of the migrasomes were then observed using transmission electron microscopy. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of characteristic markers of the migrasomes. The RNA carried by the migrasomes was analysed by using LabChip bioanalyzer. Results Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the migrasomes, with membranous structures, were attached to the tip or bifurcation of the retraction fiber formed in the tail of RAW264.7 cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the isolated migrasomes had a typical oval vesicle-like structure with wrinkled membrane surfaces. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of the characteristic markers phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class K (PIGK), epidermal growth factor domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (EOGT) and tetraspanin 4 (TSPAN4) in the migrasomes, while the EV (extracellular vesicle) markers tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) and Arabidopsis homolog of apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X (ALIX) were not detected. Furthermore, the isolated migrasomes were found to be rich in small RNA, which were approximately 25-200 nt in length. Conclusion A method for the extraction of well-structured and high quality migrasomes from macrophages is established.
Extracellular Vesicles ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; RNA ; Macrophages

Background The pathogenesis of silicosis is complex and treatment methods are limited. SiO₂-induced increase of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) can activate fibroblasts to promote collagen deposition, ultimately leading to fibrosis. Previous studies have confirmed that lipid metabolism plays an important role in the progression of silicosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) mediates mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid metabolism pathways in diabetic models, but its role in silicosis has not been elucidated. Objective To investigate the effect of PGC1α on lipid metabolism disorder of macrophages induced by SiO₂ and its effect on the progression of silicosis fibrosis. Methods (1) Macrophages were divided into four groups by transfecting and silencing PGC1α and its control sequence in macrophages and followed by SiO₂ stimulation: negative control group (transfected with si-NC for 48 h), si-PGC1α group (transfected with si-PGC1α for 48 h), SiO₂ stimulation group (stimulated with 50 μg·mL⁻¹ SiO₂ for 36 h after transfection with si-NC for 48 h), and si-PGC1α+SiO₂ group (stimulated with 50 μg·mL⁻¹ SiO₂ for 36 h after transfection with si-PGC1α for 48 h). Western blot and cell immunofluorescence were used to test PGC1α expression, 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY 493/503) and total cholesterol (TC) and free cholesterol (FC) kits were used to test lipid accumulation, and the Oroboros2k-Oxygraph respiratory test system (O2K) was used to assess the effects of PGC1α on mitochondrial respiratory chain. ELISA kits were used to test TGF-β1 expressed in the macrophage supernatant. (2) Lung fibroblasts were divided into the same four groups as above, and stimulated with the supernatant of macrophages in the above groups. The expression of collagen Ι (COL Ι), E-cadherin (Eca), and fibronectin (FN) were detected by cell immunofluorescence and Western blot to further evaluate the effect of silencing PGC1α on fibrosis. Results The protein expression level of PGC1α stimulated by SiO₂ was decreased, and the relative expression level of PGC1α was 0.78 times that of the control group (P<0.05). After transfection with si-PGC1α, the expression of PGC1α was decreased, and the relative protein expression level of the si-PGC1α group was 0.86 times that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the SiO₂ stimulation group, the staining area of BODIPY 493/503 in the si-PGC1α+SiO₂ group was enhanced, and the cholesterol-related indexes [TC, FC and cholesterol ester (CE)] were increased to 1.38, 1.10, and 2.26 times those in the SiO₂ stimulation group (P<0.05). The activity of mitochondrial complex Ι was decreased, and the level of complex Ι in the si-PGC1α+SiO₂ group was 0.63 times that in the SiO₂ stimulation group (P<0.05). The secretion of TGF-β1 by macrophages increased, and the level of TGF-β1 in the si-PGC1α+SiO₂ group was 1.15 times that of the SiO₂ stimulation group (P<0.05). In addition, after stimulation of primary lung fibroblasts with macrophage supernatant, silencing PGC1α increased the expression levels of COL Ι and FN, while decreased the expression of Eca. The protein levels of COL Ι, FN, and Eca in the si-PGC1α+SiO₂ group were 1.39, 1.18, and 0.82 times those in the SiO₂ stimulation group, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Silencing PGC1α exacerbates SiO₂-induced lipid metabolism disorder, inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain, and aggravates the fibrosis induced by SiO₂, suggesting that PGC1α may participate silicosis fibrosis by regulating mitochondrial respiratory chain and lipid metabolic disorder induced by SiO₂.