Skeletal muscle atrophy refers to a pathological condition characterized by muscle fiber atrophy as well as decreased muscle mass and muscle strength induced by various predisposing factors. It falls under the category of “flaccidity syndrome” in traditional Chinese medicine， and its pathogenesis is mainly associated with disturbed protein homeostasis， mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress injury. Active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine exerts synergistic regulatory effects via multiple pathways， thus possessing unique advantages in the clinical prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy. Existing studies have demonstrated that such active ingredients can ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy through multiple approaches： regulating protein metabolic balance （geniposide， matrine， schisandrin A， etc.） and oxidative stress （astragaloside Ⅳ， Gastrodia elata polysaccharide， Angelica sinensis polysaccharide， etc.）， improving mitochondrial function （parthenolide， berberine， curcumin， etc.）， facilitating myogenesis and myogenic differentiation （cucurbitacin Ⅱb， saikosaponin A， saikosaponin D， etc.）， suppressing inflammatory response （ursolic acid， triptolide， emodin， etc.）， ameliorating insulin resistance （akebiasaponin D， etc.）. In the future， active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine are expected to achieve breakthroughs in clinical treatment for skeletal muscle atrophy， providing novel ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of degenerative disorders.

This report presented the first imported case of alveolar echinococcosis in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province. The patient was a local resident who had worked in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2023, an area co-endemic for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis. He presented with hepatic discomfort in June 2023. Imaging examinations revealed an 8 cm × 6 cm mass in the left liver lobe, and serological testing showed positive IgG antibodies against Echinococcus. Post-surgical pathology confirmed the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis. Given that Tianzhu County has historically been endemic only for cystic echinococcosis and has not reported local cases of alveolar echinococcosis, this case was identified as an imported case based on epidemiological history. The case underwent left lateral hepatic lobectomy and no recurrence was seen at 2-year follow-up post-surgery. It is recommended to enhance the identification of different types of echinococcosis among clinicians, improve health education among migrant laborers, reinforce active screening among returning labors, and advance a One Health concept-based, cross-regional “human-animal-environment” joint prevention and control mechanism to prevent the risk of imported echinococcosis.

Objective Excavate the prescriptions containing the drug pair of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(AFI-MOC),and statistically analyze the rules of prescription medication,and explore its potential mechanism of action in the treatment of food retention disorder.Methods The prescriptions containing the pair of AFI-MOC in the Great Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions were retrieved and typed into Excel to establish a database.The source,dosage form,frequency of compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine,nature,taste and meridian attribution and indications were analyzed.Using R language(4.3.3)software with OriginPro to analysis co-occurrence frequency,association rule,correlation clustering analysis,and visualization.Then,the network construction,Protein-Protein Interaction Network(PPI)analysis,Gene Ontology(GO)function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of the"AFI-MOC-active ingredient-food retention disorder target"network were performed for the AFI-MOC drug pair and its indications food retention disorder.The binding between the core active ingredients and key target proteins was evaluated by molecular docking.Results A total of 349 prescriptions containing the pair of AFI-MOC were included,involving 267 Chinese herbs.Among them,the high-frequency compatibility drugs included Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Aucklandiae Radix.They are mainly warm in nature,spicy,bitter and sweet in taste,spleen,liver and stomach in meridian.There were 141 kinds of indications,most of which were diseases of the spleen and stomach system such as food retention disorder,dysentery and fullness.Correlation cluster analysis shows that the AFI-MOC drug pair is frequently combined with drugs that have the efficacy of promoting qi circulation,strengthening the spleen,clearing heat,and eliminating dampness.Found through the analysis of network pharmacology AFI-MOC drug pair on the core of the active ingredient of Luteolin,BU3,Naringenin,Honokiol and Nobiletin.Key targets for food retention disorder are BDNF,AKT1,ESR1,TNF and IL-6.Molecular docking results show Luteolin,combined with AKT1 is most closely.Conclusion AFI-MOC drug pair often compatible with Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Aucklandiae Radix.The advantages of the prescription containing AFI-MOC drug pair is food retention disorder.Its key active components can exert therapeutic effects through multiple targets such as AKT1 and TNF.This study reveals the AFI-MOC drug pair on compatibility laws,preliminary interpretation of the mechanism for the treatment of food retention disorder.It can provide references and a basis for studying the compatibility mechanism of AFI-MOC and guiding rational clinical medication.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability of the Linknet-VGG16 deep learning algorithm for measuring the effective optical zone(EOZ)after corneal refractive surgery.Methods This single-center retrospective cohort study included 69 patients(69 eyes)who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted in situ kerato-mileusis(FS-LASIK)(34 eyes)or small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)(35 eyes)at the Refractive Surgery Center of Affiliated Zhengzhou Aier Eye Hospital of Henan University from June 2023 to June 2024.Data from the right eyes of all patients were selected for statistical analysis.During the surgery,patients in the FS-LASIK group adopted the VisuMax fem-tosecond laser system combined with the Amaris 750S excimer laser system,while those in the SMILE group only used the VisuMax femtosecond laser system.A total of 276 Pentacam images were re-examined postoperatively.A Linknet segmenta-tion model based on the VGG16 encoder was constructed,and image normalization techniques were applied to accelerate model convergence.Model performance was assessed using accuracy,intersection over union(IoU),and the Dice coeffi-cient.The traditional EOZ measurement method based on corneal tangential curvature served as the reference standard.Bland-Altman analysis was conducted to evaluate consistency across all images and within each group,and the time effi-ciency of both methods was compared.Results Six representative medical image segmentation architectures(U-Net,U-Net++,DeepLabv3-ResNet50,DeepLabv3+-ResNet50,Unet-Densenet169,and Linknet-VGG16)were systematically evaluated.The Linknet-VGG16 model demonstrated superior performance over the other 5 models in pixel-level accuracy,IoU and Dice coefficient,which were 99.83％,99.48％and 99.74％,respectively.Although there was no significant differ-ence in accuracy and Dice coefficient between Linknet-VGG16 and U-Net models(whose accuracy was 99.82％and Dice coefficient was 99.72％),the inference speed of the U-Net model(62.46 ms)was 31.76％slower than that of the Linknet-VGG16 model(42.62 ms).The evaluation results of a clinically applicable comprehensive scoring model(weights:accura-cy 20％,IoU 20％,Dice coefficient 20％,speed 25％,model size 15％)showed that the Linknet-VGG16 model achieved a score of 88.01,surpassing other architectures(U-Net:86.29;DeepLabv3+-ResNet50:80.41;DeepLabv3-ResNet50:73.82;U-Net++:73.22;Unet-Densenet169:66.66).Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the mean difference of the 136 images in the FS-LASIK group was 0.01 mm[95％limits of agreement(LoA):-0.36 to 0.35 mm],with 96.3％of data points falling within the LoA.The mean difference of the 140 images in the SMILE group was-0.01 mm(95％LoA:-0.36 to 0.33 mum),with 95.7％of data points falling within the LoA.The mean difference of all 276 images was 0.00 mm(95％LoA:-0.36 to 0.34 mm),with 96.4％of data points falling within the LoA.These results indicated excellent consistency.The average measurement time per image using the traditional EOZ measurement method was 13.00 minutes,whereas the deep learning model required only 3.22 seconds.Conclusion The traditional EOZ measurement method based on corne-al tangential curvature exhibits good consistency with the fully automatic EOZ measurement method based on deep learning algorithms,achieving high image recognition accuracy.Additionally,the deep learning algorithm significantly reduces measurement time,compared with the traditional method based on corneal tangential curvature.

Objective To systematically evaluate the methodological quality and measurement properties of assessment tools for maladaptive eating behaviors in bariatric surgery patients.Methods A systematic search of the CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception to March 15,2025.Totally 2 researchers independently screened the literature and extracted the data.The consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments checklist and quality criteria were employed to evaluate the methodological quality and psychometric properties of the included assessment tools,and combined with a modified version of the GRADE to form recommendations.Results A total of 14 articles were included,involving 2 specific assessment tools for bariatric surgery patients and 10 universal assessment tools.The methodological quality of content validity was rated as"unclear"for all scales,with moderate certainty of evidence.Structural validity and internal consistency generally performed well(Cronbach's α＞0.7).However,evidence for stability,criterion validity,and cross-cultural validity remains insufficient.A total of 9 instruments were recommended as Grade B,while 3 were recommended as Grade C.Conclusion The disordered eating after bariatric surgery and the food craving questionnaire-trait are recommended for clinical use,but further validation of their psychometric properties is still needed.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of measures dominated by intensifying link quality on prevention and control of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)among general ICU patients.METHODS The conventional intervention measures were taken from Jan.2016 to Oct.2020,which was assigned as the pre-inter-vention period;the intervention measures dominated by enhancement of link quality were taken for the general ICU patients(the study group)from Nov.2020 to Oct.2021,which was set as the intervention period,the inter-vention measures were taken for the neurosurgery ICU patients and the surgery ICU patients(the control group).A two-group interrupted time series of a quasi-experimental study was analyzed,and whether or not the intervention measures could reduce the incidence of CRKP hospital-associated infection among the general ICU patients was evaluated.RESULTS A total of 23 713 case-times of patients from three ICU wards were enrolled in the study.The incidence of CRKP hospital-associated infection among the general ICU patients was 4.49 cases per thousand patient-days during intervention period,3.71 cases per thousand patient-days during pre-intervention pe-riod,and there was no significant difference(u=-1.412,P=0.079);it was lower than 7.06 cases per thousand patient-days during nearly one year before the intervention period(from Nov.2019 to Oct.2020),and there was significant difference(u=3.128,P=0.002).The result of analysis of the interrupted time series showed that there was significant difference in the slope change between the study group and the control group after the inter-vention(P=0.035),indicating that the intervention measures could reduce the incidence of CRKP hospital-associ-ated infection in the study group,and there was significant difference in the changing trend between the study group and the control group.CONCLUSIONS The prevention and control measures for CRKP dominated by the link quality management can effectively reduce the incidence of CRKP hospital-associated infection among the gen-eral ICU patients.The prevention and control strategies may provide reference for prevention and control of CRKP in ICUs of other medical institutions.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of global surgical site infection(SSI)outbreaks and provide references for targeted prevention and control measures.METHODS SSI outbreak events from Jan.1,1990 to Dec.31,2023 were searched from Wanfang Med,CNKI,VIP and PubMed.Data on department distribution dur-ing the outbreak,duration,investigation methods,main causes,transmission modes,pathogen composition and outbreak outcomes were summarized for analysis.RESULTS A total of 111 SSI outbreaks in 20 countries were identi-fied,involving 1 382 patients and 24 deaths.The source of the outbreak was identified in 78 cases,mainly involving med-ical personnel in 27 cases(34.62％),hospital equipment in 19 cases(24.36％),environmental factors in 11 cases(14.10％),workflow factors in 10 cases(12.82％),hospital water factors in 7 cases(8.97％)and disinfectant fac-tors in 4 cases(5.13％).The duration of SSI outbreaks abroad was 5.00(1.50,12.00)months,longer than that in China[1.00(1.00,2.00)month](P＜0.05).In China,the outbreaks mainly occurred in neurosurgery,cardiac surger-y,orthopedics,obstetrics and general surgery,while at abroad,they mainly occurred in cardiac surgery,orthopedics,and involved multiple surgical departments.Environmental hygiene methods were adopted in up to 90.63％of cases in China.Compared with China,analytical epidemiological methods and molecular epidemiological methods were more com-monly used abroad.Targeted measures and strengthened basic measures were implemented for different outbreak sources to terminate the SSI outbreaks.Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(34 times)was a widely used molecular typing method in outbreak investigations.CONCLUSIONS Based on the analysis of SSI outbreak characteristics and risk factors,it is neces-sary to strengthen medical personnel training and monitoring of special pathogens.At the same time,the epidemiologi-cal investigation capabilities of infection control professionals should be strengthened.

Objective:To study the effects of aluminum exposure on learning and memory and the expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)in the hippocampus of offspring rats,and to investigate the mechanism by which aluminum impairs learning and memory function.Methods:Forty pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the Control group(Control),low-dose Al group(Al-L),medium-dose Al group(Al-M)and high-dose Al group(Al-H).The off-spring rats were fed with Al through breast milk from birth to weaning,while the rats in the control group were fed with distilled water.The maternal rats Al-L,Al-M and Al-H groups drank distilled water solution containing 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g/L AlCl3,respectively.After weaning,the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group drank distilled water so-lution containing 2.0,4.0 and 8.0 g/L AlCl3 by themselves until the 90th day after birth to establish the offspring rat model of subchronic aluminum exposure.After aluminum exposure,the shuttle box test was used to detect the learning and memory ability of offspring rats,and the body weight of offspring rats and hippocampus were weighed to evaluate the effect of aluminum exposure.The expression of nerve growth factor(NGF)protein in hippocampus of offspring rats was detected by Western blot,and the expression of NGF mRNA in hippocampus of offspring rats was detected by real time RT-PCR.Results:The body weight of offspring rats in Al-H group was significantly lower than that in the other three dose groups.In the shuttle box test,compared with the control group,the active avoidance response and passive avoid-ance response of the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group showed a downward trend with the increase of alumi-num exposure dose,indicating that the learning and memory ability of the offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group was impaired.Compared with the control group,the NGF protein content and NGF mRNA expression in the hippocam-pus of offspring rats in the aluminum exposure group were significantly decreased.Conclusion:Subchronic aluminum exposure down-regulates the expression of NGF in the hippocampus,which may cause learning and memory impairment in offspring rats.

Chemotherapy is currently the mainstay of systemic management for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but chemoresistance significantly impacts patient outcomes. Our research indicates that Doxorubicin (Dox)-resistant TNBC cells exhibit increased glycolysis and ATP generation compared to their parental cells, with this metabolic shift contributing to chemoresistance. We discovered that ALKBH3, an m¹A demethylase enzyme, is crucial in regulating the enhanced glycolysis in Dox-resistant TNBC cells. Knocking down ALKBH3 reduced ATP generation, glucose consumption, and lactate production, implicating its involvement in mediating glycolysis. Further investigation revealed that aldolase A (ALDOA), a key enzyme in glycolysis, is a downstream target of ALKBH3. ALKBH3 regulates ALDOA mRNA stability through m¹A demethylation at the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR). This methylation negatively affects ALDOA mRNA stability by recruiting the YTHDF2/PAN2-PAN3 complex, leading to mRNA degradation. The ALKBH3/ALDOA axis promotes Dox resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Clinical analysis demonstrated that ALKBH3 and ALDOA are upregulated in breast cancer tissues, and higher expression of these proteins is associated with reduced overall survival in TNBC patients. Our study highlights the role of the ALKBH3/ALDOA axis in contributing to Dox resistance in TNBC cells through regulation of ALDOA mRNA stability and glycolysis.

Objective: To construct a scientific and perfect evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities, so as to provide reference tools for colleges and universities to effectively respond to infectious disease. Methods: The initial framework of the evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities was constructed by using literature analysis method. Experts familiar with infectious disease prevention and control or school health work were selected to conduct two rounds( n =16，18) of Delphi expert consultation for determining the evaluation index system. Analytical hierarchy process was used to calculate the index weights and combined weights. About 198 prevention and control personnel were conveniently selected from 3 universities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to comprehensively evaluate the evaluation indicators by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results: After two rounds of Delphi consultation questionnaire, the effective recovery rates were 80.0% and 90.0%, the expert authority levels were 0.89 and 0.86, the expert harmony coefficients for Kendall W were 0.166 and 0.310, and the variation coefficient of each index was <0.25. Finally, the evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability of colleges and universities included 4 first level indicators, 14 second level indicators and 75 third level indicators. The weights of prevention and monitoring and early warning, organizational system guarantee, emergency management, rehabilitation and summary were 0.176, 0.476, 0.268 and 0.080, respectively. The top 3 weights of the secondary indexes were 0.623 for infectious disease surveillance and early warning, 0.595 for loss assessment and 0.370 for emergency response. The score of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities was 79.148, suggesting a high level. Conclusion The established evaluation index system of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities is scientific and reasonable, which is conducive to provide tool reference for the evaluation of infectious disease prevention and control ability in colleges and universities.