Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial agents that can enter the human body through the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and other pathways. More and more studies have found that exposure to TCS and TCC can affect human health, but currently, review reports on the health effects of human exposure to TCS and TCC are limited. Therefore, this study reviewed population studies on the relationship between TCS and TCC exposure and health effects by searching the PubMed database, summarized the associated health outcomes, and elucidated the biological mechanisms. A total of 56 studies were retrieved, among which cross-sectional studies (25 studies, 44.64%) and cohort studies (25 studies, 44.64%) accounted for a relatively large proportion, while case-control studies (6 studies, 10.72%) were relatively few. Studies on TCS exposure (48 studies, 85.71%) were far more prevalent than those on TCC exposure (2 studies, 3.57%). The remaining 6 studies involved both TCS and TCC exposure. The research results revealed that TCS exposure was associated with male and female abnormal reproductive functions, fetal growth restriction, abnormal behavior development in children, obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and immune-related diseases. Although the results of different studies show significant differences, they have indicated that exposure to TCS is a potential risk factor for these health problems. Due to the limited number of studies, the evidence for the relationship between TCC exposure and most of the aforementioned health effects is insufficient. Population studies and in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that exposure to TCS and TCC can interfere with the microbial homeostasis, the endocrine system, oxidative stress and immune function of the body, which are potential mechanisms causing adverse health effects. In the future, large-scale prospective cohort studies, as well as in vivo and in vitro studies, are still needed to further clarify the associations between TCS and TCC exposure and health effects, and to deeply explore its mechanism of action. These efforts will provide references for clarifying the human health hazards of TCS and TCC exposure and formulating targeted prevention and control strategies.

Skeletal muscle atrophy refers to a pathological condition characterized by muscle fiber atrophy as well as decreased muscle mass and muscle strength induced by various predisposing factors. It falls under the category of “flaccidity syndrome” in traditional Chinese medicine， and its pathogenesis is mainly associated with disturbed protein homeostasis， mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress injury. Active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine exerts synergistic regulatory effects via multiple pathways， thus possessing unique advantages in the clinical prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy. Existing studies have demonstrated that such active ingredients can ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy through multiple approaches： regulating protein metabolic balance （geniposide， matrine， schisandrin A， etc.） and oxidative stress （astragaloside Ⅳ， Gastrodia elata polysaccharide， Angelica sinensis polysaccharide， etc.）， improving mitochondrial function （parthenolide， berberine， curcumin， etc.）， facilitating myogenesis and myogenic differentiation （cucurbitacin Ⅱb， saikosaponin A， saikosaponin D， etc.）， suppressing inflammatory response （ursolic acid， triptolide， emodin， etc.）， ameliorating insulin resistance （akebiasaponin D， etc.）. In the future， active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine are expected to achieve breakthroughs in clinical treatment for skeletal muscle atrophy， providing novel ideas and strategies for the prevention and treatment of degenerative disorders.

Background: and Purpose Ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA) are associated with a mortality rate of up to 40% in the Chinese population, highlighting the critical need for targeted treatment interventions for at-risk individuals. Although the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene mutations on susceptibility to intracranial aneurysms (IA) is well documented, the potential connection between ALDH2 rs671 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and RIA remains unexplored. Given the increased prevalence of ALDH2 gene mutations among Chinese Han individuals, it is clinically relevant to investigate the link between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and IA rupture. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 546 patients diagnosed with IA to investigate the association between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and the risk of IA rupture. Results: The ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*2) was significantly more prevalent in patients with unruptured IA (UIA) than in those with RIA (32.56% vs. 18.58%, P=0.004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that people with the ALDH2 mutation (ALDH2*1/*2 and ALDH2*2/*2 gene type) had a significantly reduced odds ratio (OR=0.49; 95% confidence level [CI] 0.27–0.88; P=0.018) for RIAs. Age-specific subgroup analysis indicated that the ALDH2 mutation provided a stronger protective effect in individuals aged 60 years and above with IA compared to those under 60 years old (OR=0.38 vs. OR=0.52, both P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of RIA was significantly higher in individuals with a normal ALDH2 gene (ALDH2*1/*1) than in those with an ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*1/*2 or ALDH2*2/*2). ALDH2 rs671 SNP may serve as a protective factor against RIA in the Chinese Han population.

This article reports a successful case of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 2 (PKD2) combined with Robertsonian translocation. The patient carried a heterozygous frameshift mutation ( PKD2 c.428del, p.Gly143Alafs*90) and a Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 14 and 15. Through combined PGT for monogenic disorders, structural rearrangements and aneuploidy screening, one euploid blastocyst free of the PKD2 mutation was selected from six embryos for transfer, resulting in the successful delivery of a healthy female infant. Follow-up until June 2025 confirmed normal developmental milestones. This case demonstrates that PGT can effectively mitigate dual genetic risks (monogenic disease and chromosomal abnormality), providing critical clinical insights for optimizing reproductive outcomes in patients with complex genetic backgrounds.

Objective:To describe the current status of responsive caregiving behavior of infant mothers,to analyze their influencing factors and pathways using the information-motivation-behavioral skills(IMB)model,and to provide a basis for further interventions related to responsive caregiving be-haviors and comprehensive promotion of early childhood development.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling.Questionnaires were used to collect basic information about mothers and their infants,as well as data on mothers' responsive caregiving behavior,knowledge of re-sponsive caregiving,social support,and parenting self-efficacy.Multivariate linear regression models were employed to analyze the influencing factors of responsive caregiving behavior,and structural equa-tion modeling was used to analyze the pathways of these influencing factors.The criterion for inadequate responsive caregiving is defined as scores not exceeding the lower quartile(P25)of the total score.Results:Among 510 mothers of aged 0-12 months infants in Weifang City,the average score for respon-sive caregiving behavior was 16.41±3.99.The proportion of inadequate responsive caregiving was 25.7％.Mothers in the insufficient responsive caregiving group had lower scores in knowledge(7.70±1.41),social support(57.92±15.16),and parenting self-efficacy(30.36±6.48)compared with those in the sufficient group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).Logistic regres-sion analysis indicated that the influencing factors for responsive caregiving included the level of know-ledge about responsive parenting[adjusted OR(aOR)=0.795,95％CI:0.566-0.838],social support(aOR=0.979,95％CI:0.961-0.996),and parenting self-efficacy(aOR=0.894,95％CI:0.857-0.932).Structural equation modeling revealed that knowledge of responsive caregiving(β=0.089,P=0.031),social support(β=0.153,P=0.001),and parenting self-efficacy(β=0.296,P＜0.001)were directly related to responsive caregiving behavior.Additionally,knowledge of responsive caregiving indirectly affected responsive caregiving behavior through parenting self-efficacy(β=0.095,P=0.014),and social support indirectly affected responsive caregiving behavior through parenting self-efficacy(β=0.497,P＜0.001).Conclusion:The current level of responsive caregiving behavior among mothers of 0-1-year-old infants in Weifang City is not satisfactory.Future development of responsive care-giving interventions should focus on providing caregivers with relevant knowledge of responsive caregiving based on their needs.Additionally,it is essential to offer social support from multiple aspects to enhance caregivers' parenting self-efficacy,thereby promoting improvements in responsive caregiving behavior.

Objective·To evaluate the relationships between disc-condyle distance and anterior disc displacement,as well as between disc-condyle distance and disc morphology,in patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMD)using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of the temporomandibular joint(TMJ).Methods·From September 2023 to March 2024,90 patients(180 TMJs)who visited the TMJ clinic of Department of Stomatology,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,with clinical symptoms of TMD and were diagnosed via MRI with either anterior disc displacement or no significant displacement,were included.Clinical data were collected,and MRI images were used to measure the angle of disc displacement,disc-condyle distance,disc length,and thickness.The degree of disc deformation was assessed.The relationships between clinical symptoms and anterior disc displacement,between anterior disc displacement and both disc morphology and disc-condyle distance,and between disc-condyle distance and disc morphology were analyzed.Results·Among the 90 patients,there were 16 males and 74 females,with a mean age of(28.1±14.5)years.Among the 180 TMJs,175 had clinical symptoms and 5 were asymptomatic.There were 40 joints with no displacement,78 with reducible anterior disc displacement,and 62 with irreducible anterior disc displacement.In the joints with irreducible anterior disc displacement,the proportion of those with two or more symptoms was slightly higher at 62.9%,but the difference was not statistically significant compared with the joints with no displacement or reducible anterior disc displacement.MRI assessment revealed that in the joints with irreducible anterior disc displacement,the proportion of disc deformation type Ⅲ or higher was significantly higher compared with the non-displaced joints(P<0.001).The disc length was significantly shorter(P<0.001),and the intermediate zone thickness was significantly greater(P<0.001)compared with the non-displaced joints.The disc displacement angles at centric closure and maximum opening were also significantly larger(P<0.001).The disc-condyle distance was 3.10(2.70,3.70)mm for non-displaced joints,3.40(3.00,4.00)mm for joints with reducible anterior disc displacement,and 6.60(4.78,7.90)mm for joints with irreducible anterior disc displacement,with significant differences(P<0.001).The disc-condyle distance was 3.10(2.80,3.60)mm for type Ⅰ discs,3.70(3.10,4.60)mm for type Ⅱ discs,5.10(4.00,7.30)mm for type Ⅲ discs,and 6.80(4.98,8.20)mm for type Ⅳ/Ⅴ discs,with significant differences(P<0.001).The disc-condyle distance was negatively correlated with disc length(rs=-0.469,P<0.001),positively correlated with intermediate zone thickness(rs=0.319,P<0.001),and positively correlated with disc displacement angle at centric closure(rs=0.626,P<0.001).Conclusion·With increasing severity of disc deformation,intermediate zone thickness,and disc displacement angle at centric closure,as well as decreasing disc length,the disc-condyle distance increases.The disc-condyle distance is an important indicator for MRI assessment of pathological changes in TMD.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and delay in detection of reported brucellosis cases in Nangang District of Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, in order to provide a basis for improving targeted measures for brucellosis prevention and control.Methods:Data on brucellosis reported in Nangang District of Harbin City between 2018 and 2022 were obtained from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. A descriptive analysis was conducted to outline the epidemiological status, epidemiological features, and sources of cases. Seasonal patterns of brucellosis were assessed using the concentration degree and seasonal index methods. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of delay in detection.Results:From 2018 to 2022, a total of 4 428 cases of brucellosis were reported in Nangang District, with 1 183 cases (26.72%) reported in 2018 and 528 cases (11.92%) reported in 2022. The gender ratio of the cases was 2.80 ∶ 1.00 (3 264 ∶ 1 164). Most cases occurred in individuals aged 30 to 59 years (73.19%, 3 241/4 428). Occupationally, farmers comprised the majority of cases (88.73%, 3 929/4 428), followed by homemakers/unemployed individuals (3.73%, 165/4 428), and students (2.03%, 90/4 428). Regarding case origin, 31.48% (1 394/4 428) were from Harbin City, while 64.97% (2 877/4 428) originated from other cities within Heilongjiang Province, predominantly from Suihua City (38.89%, 1 722/4 428). Additionally, 157 cases (3.55%, 157/4 428) were reported from outside Heilongjiang Province, all of which were from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jilin Province. Brucellosis incidence showed weak seasonality ( M = 0.230), with the epidemic period spanning from March to August. During this period, seasonal indices C exceeded 100%, peaking in July (168.02%). From 2018 to 2022, the average annual delay rate in case detection was 20.14% (892/4 428). The delayed detection rates of brucellosis cases in each year were 30.68% (363/1 183), 17.86% (200/1 120), 17.23% (117/679), 12.75% (117/918), and 17.99% (95/528), respectively (average annual percentage change = - 17.52%, P = 0.090). Conclusions:Brucellosis in Nangang District of Harbin Citydemonstrates weak seasonality, with peak incidence occurring from March to August. Detection delays remain a concern, highlighting the need for sustained surveillance and the implementation of integrated, multi-sectoral prevention and control measures.

Objective:To evaluate the prognosis of patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated by gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (AG) or AG combined with pro-grammed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor regimen and application value of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF) risk score.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 151 PDAC patients who were treated by AG regimen or AG combined with PD-1 inhibitor regimen in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to March 2024 were collected. There were 84 males and 67 females, aged (64±9)years. Observation indicators: (1) comparison of clinical characteristics among resectable PDAC patients with different CCF risk score; (2) analysis of influencing factors for overall survival time of resectable PDAC patients; (3) survival of resectable PDAC patients. Comparison of measurement data with skewed distribution between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data between groups was conducted using the rank sum test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using the Cox regression model. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rate and plot survival curve, and Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Comparison of clinical characteristics among resectable PDAC patients with different CCF risk score. Based on CCF risk score, 102 of 151 patients were classified as low risk and 49 cases were classified as intermediate-to-high risk. There were signi-ficant differences in sex, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and diabetes between the two categories ( P<0.05). (2) Analysis of influencing factors for overall survival time of resectable PDAC patients. Results of multivariate analysis showed that the treatment regimen was an indepen-dent influencing factor for overall survival time of resectable PDAC patients ( hazard ratio=1.976, 95% confidence interval as 1.065?3.666, P<0.05). (3) Survival of resectable PDAC patients. The follow-up time of 151 patients was 21.8(18.7,24.2)months, and the median overall survival time was 23.3(19.0,32.4)months. The follow-up time was 22.1(18.9,30.7)months of patients treated by AG regimen and 11.2(8.1,23.3)months of patients treated by AG combined with PD-1 inhibitor regimen, respectively. The median overall survival time of the two types of patients was 24.4(17.2,31.7)months and 16.9(8.9,24.9)months. The 1-year overall survival rates were 79.1% and 60.0%, and the 2-year overall survival rates were 53.4% and 28.5%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between the two types of patients ( hazard ratio=1.913, 95% confidence interval as 1.041?3.516, P<0.05). Of the intermediate-to-high risk patients, the follow-up time was 18.5(8.8,28.1)months of 37 patients treated by AG regimen and 8.1(7.3,9.0)months of 12 patients treated by AG combined with PD-1 inhibitor regimen. The median overall survival time of the two types of patients was 32.4(15.7,49.0)months and 8.9(5.7,12.1)months, respectively. The 1-year overall survival rates were 82.7% and 31.3%, and the 2-year overall survival rates were 66.5% and 0, respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between the two types of patients ( hazard ratio=5.402, 95% confidence interval as 1.811?16.118, P<0.05). Conclusions:The treatment regimen is an independent influencing factor for overall survival in patients with resectable PDAC. Compared with the AG combined with PD-1 inhibitor regimen, AG regimen is associated with good survival of patients with resectable PDAC. For patients classified as intermediate-to-high risk based on the CCF risk score, AG regimen is assiociated with a better overall survival compared to AG combined with PD-1 inhibitor regimen.

Acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in children is a bone marrow failure disease characterized by reduced proliferation of marrow nucleated cells and decreased peripheral blood levels of two or three blood cell lines.Treatment options mainly include immunosuppressive therapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.The primary advantage of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) is the availability of a donor for nearly everyone.With ongoing improvements in conditioning regimens, haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has made significant progress.This paper aims to review the research progress on haplo-HSCT for treating acquired SAA in children, providing reference for clinical practice.

Background: and Purpose Ruptured intracranial aneurysms (RIA) are associated with a mortality rate of up to 40% in the Chinese population, highlighting the critical need for targeted treatment interventions for at-risk individuals. Although the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene mutations on susceptibility to intracranial aneurysms (IA) is well documented, the potential connection between ALDH2 rs671 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and RIA remains unexplored. Given the increased prevalence of ALDH2 gene mutations among Chinese Han individuals, it is clinically relevant to investigate the link between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and IA rupture. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 546 patients diagnosed with IA to investigate the association between ALDH2 rs671 SNP and the risk of IA rupture. Results: The ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*2) was significantly more prevalent in patients with unruptured IA (UIA) than in those with RIA (32.56% vs. 18.58%, P=0.004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that people with the ALDH2 mutation (ALDH2*1/*2 and ALDH2*2/*2 gene type) had a significantly reduced odds ratio (OR=0.49; 95% confidence level [CI] 0.27–0.88; P=0.018) for RIAs. Age-specific subgroup analysis indicated that the ALDH2 mutation provided a stronger protective effect in individuals aged 60 years and above with IA compared to those under 60 years old (OR=0.38 vs. OR=0.52, both P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of RIA was significantly higher in individuals with a normal ALDH2 gene (ALDH2*1/*1) than in those with an ALDH2 rs671 SNP (ALDH2*1/*2 or ALDH2*2/*2). ALDH2 rs671 SNP may serve as a protective factor against RIA in the Chinese Han population.