AIM: To investigate the correlation between different severity grades of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and visual field defects as well asvisual evoked potential(VEP)parameters in patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(AION). METHODS: A retrospective case-control study. Patients diagnosed with AION complicated by OSAHS at the Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, between June 2022 and October 2025 were selected as the study subjects. According to the AHI and mSaO2, the patients were divided into three groups: a mild group(AHI 5-15 events/h, mSaO2 85%-90%), moderate group(AHI 16-30 events/h, mSaO2 80%-85%), and severe group(AHI >30 events/h, mSaO2 <80%). General demographic data, retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness, visual field defect indicators including mean defect(MD)and pattern standard deviation(PSD), as well as VEP parameters(P100 latency and amplitude)were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: This study included a total of 110 patients with AION complicated by OSAHS. Based on the severity of OSAHS, the patients were divided into a mild group of 37 patients(21 men and 16 women, mean age 62.15±9.37 y), a moderate group of 35 patients(20 men, 15 women; mean age 61.82±8.94 y), and a severe group of 38 patients(22 men, 16 women; mean age 63.02±9.61 y). There were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of age, sex, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C levels, or AION severity(all P>0.05); however, there were significant differences in history of hypertension, history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and FPG levels(all P<0.05). The mean RNFL thickness in the severe group(63.27±5.58 μm)was significantly lower than that in the moderate group(74.14±6.28 μm)and the mild group(83.22±7.02 μm), and the moderate group was lower than the mild group(all P<0.05); The MD value(-11.57±1.82 dB)and PSD value(7.35±0.87 dB)in the severe group were both higher than those in the moderate group [(-7.62±1.31 dB),(4.89±0.62 dB)] and the mild group [(-4.38±1.05 dB),(2.57±0.45 dB)](all P<0.05); the P100 latency in the severe group(132.41±8.57 ms)was longer than that in the moderate group(118.75±7.32 ms)and the mild group(105.62±6.14 ms), and the amplitude(7.65±1.53 μV)was lower than that of the moderate group(11.24±1.89 μV)and the mild group(15.38±2.11 μV)(all P<0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the severity of OSAHS was negatively correlated with the MD value(rs=-0.901, P<0.05)and positively correlated with the PSD value and P100 latency(rs=0.947, 0.807, P<0.05), and was negatively correlated with P100 amplitude(rs=-0.878, P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The severity of OSAHS is closely associated with RNFL thickness, visual field defects, and VEP parameters in patients with AION; the more severe the OSAHS, the more pronounced the structural and functional damage to the optic nerve. Monitoring AHI and mSaO2 can aid in assessing the condition of patients with AION and developing personalized intervention plans.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Anmei Dan （AMD） on the expression of proteins in the C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 （CX3CL1）/C-X3-C chemokine receptor 1 （CX3CR1） signaling pathway， hippocampal inflammation， and learning and memory in an aged sleep-deprived model. MethodsSixty aged C57 mice were randomly assigned into a control group， a model group， a melatonin group （1.3 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， and high-， medium-， and low-dose AMD groups （26.26， 13.13， 6.565 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively）， with 10 mice per group. Continuous sleep deprivation was administered for 4 weeks through a custom-built sleep deprivation chamber. The cognitive function of mice was assessed via the Y-maze test. Histomorphological alterations in pyramidal cells of the hippocampal CA1 and DG regions were examined by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and Nissl staining. Synaptic morphology in the hippocampus was visualized with Golgi staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the hippocampal tissue as well as the level of interleukin-10 （IL-10） in the prefrontal cortex. Real-time PCR was performed to detect markers of M1-type ［cluster of differentiation （CD） 86 and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）］ and M2-type ［CD206 and arginase 1 （Arg1）］ macrophages. Western blot was employed to quantify the protein levels of CX3CL1， CX3CR1， phosphorylated nuclear factor κB p65 subunit （p-NF-κB p65）， and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p-p38 MAPK） in the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence double staining was performed to co-label CX3CR1 with ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba-1） for observation of the co-localization of target proteins with microglia. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group exhibited disrupted daily activity patterns with reduced spontaneous alternation rates （P<0.01）， disorganized morphology and arrangement of hippocampal neurons， accompanied by reduced numbers of Nissl bodies and dendritic spines （P<0.01）， upregulated protein levels of IL-6， IL-10， IL-1β， TNF-α， CX3CL1， CX3CR1， p-NF-κB p65， p-p38 MAPK， and Iba-1 and mRNA levels of CD86 and iNOS （P<0.01）， and downregulated mRNA levels of CD206 and Arg1 （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the melatonin group and medium- and high-dose AMD groups showed increased spontaneous alternation rates （P<0.01）， improved neuronal morphology， number， and spine density in the hippocampal CA1 and DG regions （P<0.01）， declined levels of IL-6， IL-10， IL-1β， and TNF-α （P<0.05， P<0.01）， downregulated protein levels of CX3CL1， CX3CR1， p-NF-κB p65， p-p38 MAPK， and Iba-1 and mRNA levels of CD86 and iNOS， and upregulated mRNA levels of CD206 and Arg1 （P<0.01）. ConclusionAMD may improve the learning and memory in aged sleep-deprived mice by mediating neuroinflammation through the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway.

Objective　To analyze the whole genome sequence characteristics of dengue serotype 2 virus (DENV-2) strains isolated from Guangzhou in 2023, providing new foundational data to support local dengue fever prevention and control efforts. Methods　Dengue viruses were isolated from serum samples of dengue fever patients using C6/36 cells. Whole genome sequencing of dengue virus was performed using Nanopore sequencing technology (Nanopore platform). The sequencing data were assembled utilizing IPH-NANO v1.0 software, and homology analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and amino acid site variation analysis of the dengue virus genome sequence were conducted using software such as BioEdit7.0.9.0, MEGA11, and iqTree1.6.12. Results　A total of 13 DENV-2 isolates were obtained from the serum samples of dengue fever patients in Guangzhou in 2023, all of which were derived from locally infected cases. The whole genome sequences obtained by sequencing and splicing ranged from 10 429-10 439 nt in length. The nucleotide (amino acid) homology among the 13 isolates was 99.7%-99.9% (99.6%-9.9%). A genome-wide phylogenetic analysis showed that the genotypes of all 13 Guangzhou isolates were identified as the Cosmopolitan genotype and were grouped in the same evolutionary clade as isolates from Réunion (French overseas territory), Djibouti, Kenya, and other regions. Compared with the reference sequence (NC001474), a total of 26 amino acid site variations were identified in the C/prM/E protein regions of the 13 isolates, including 4 variations in the C protein region, 8 in the prM protein region, and 14 in the E protein region. Conclusion　The DENV-2 strains isolated from Guangzhou in 2023 exhibited high homology, with closely related isolates primarily originating from countries or regions such as Réunion, Djibouti, and Kenya, it highlights the need for further assessment of the risk of dengue fever importation from East Africa, South Asia, and other regions.

Objective To develop the "Questionnaires on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of College Students in Response to Public Health Emergencies" and validate its reliability and validity. Methods The initial questionnaire was developed according to literature review, expert consultations, and one-on-one interviews with students and educators. A total of 43 college students were selected as the pre-test subjects using the convenience sampling method. The final version of the questionnaire was developed using item analysis and expert consultations. A total of 682 college students were selected as the validation subjects using the cluster sampling method. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Results The final version of the questionnaire consisted of three dimensions: knowledge, practice, and attitude, with 5, 10, 7 items, respectively. The KMO test value for the questionnaire was 0.804, with Bartlett′s test of sphericity showing a chi-square value of 2 000.557 (P<0.01). The content validity index for each item ranged from 0.894 to 1.000, with the overall content validity index for the questionnaire being 0.966 and 0.973. The exploratory factor analysis identified three common factors, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 54.1%. The result of confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit, with model fit index, comparative fit index, normed fit index, incremental fit index, Tucker-Lewis Index, root mean square error of approximation of 2.960, 0.930, 0.940, 0.930, 0.950 and 0.070, respectively. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the questionnaire was 0.772, split-half reliability was 0.604, and test-retest reliability was 0.905. Conclusion The "Questionnaires on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of College Students in Response to Public Health Emergencies" demonstrates good reliability, and it is suitable for widespread application.

Objective To study the characteristics of animal models of pulmonary fibrosis so as to provide a reference for the standardization of such models,and to guide research on the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.Methods Studies using experimental pulmonary fibrosis in animals published in the past 10 years were retrieved from the CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,SinoMed,and PubMed databases.Factors including animal species,sex,modeling method,and detection index were summarized,and the data were analyzed using Excel.Results A total of 292 eligible studies were included.The animals mainly included SD rats,Wistar rats,and C57BL/6 mice,and most were male.The most common modeling drugs were bleomycin,paraquat,and silica suspension,mainly administered by intratracheal injection,with a typical modeling cycle of 28 d.The detection indexes mainly comprised lung tissue pathology and measurements of protein expression,cytokine levels,and biochemical indexes.Conclusions SD rats and C57BL/6 mice were the most commonly used animals for experimental pulmonary fibrosis,and intratracheal injection of bleomycin(5 mg/kg)was the most frequently used modeling method.This approach allows for the straightforward and effective replication of pathological features resembling human pulmonary fibrosis,and may serve as a reference for future experimental studies using animal models of pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective:This study aimed to analyze the genetic subtypes and drug resistance transmission characteristics of HIV-1 among the preoperative population in Ningxia from 2018 to 2023, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the AIDS epidemic.Methods:Plasma samples and demographic information of HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiviral treatment in Ningxia from 2018 to 2023 were collected. Blood samples with a viral loads >200 copies/ml from preoperative testing were amplified, sequenced, and subjected to genotypic resistance testing to analyze their genetic subtypes and drug resistance characteristics. The TN93 model in MEGA11 software was used to calculate the genetic distance between each pair of all sequences, and a molecular transmission network was constructed in Cytoscape 3.10.0 with 1.9% as the genetic threshold.Results:Among 101 preoperative HIV/AIDS patients, CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were the predominant subtypes. The majority were male (85.15%, 86/101), aged 41-60 years (45.54%, 46/101), residing in Yinchuan city (61.39%, 62/101), and infected via heterosexual transmission (71.29%, 72/101), with most cases being late-detected. Of 39 drug-resistant sequences, resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) alone (18.81%, 19/101) and dual resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)-NNRTIs (13.86%, 14/101) were most common. Among 44 sequences forming 13 transmission clusters, nine clusters harbored drug-resistant mutations. Four subtypes entered the molecular network, primarily involving heterosexual transmission, individuals with junior high school education or below, and men aged≥50 years.Conclusions:From 2018 to 2023, the preoperative HIV/AIDS patients had diversified genetic subtypes, with higher rates of overall drug resistance and late detection, stronger drug resistance and higher mortality rate. Strengthening molecular epidemiological research and developing targeted screening strategies are critical to improve early detection and reduce transmission risks.

It was a retrospective study. The propensity score matching was applied to divide the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who have underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) into two groups: short-term (<4 weeks) sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) group (213 patients) and control group (213 patients). The occurrence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) after PCI was compared between the two groups. The results showed that the incidence of CIAKI in the SGLT2i group was not significantly different from the control group [10.8% (23/213) vs. 7.5% (16/213), χ2=1.383, P=0.313]. The incidence of CIAKI in patients with SGLT2i application time <1 week was higher than that in control patients, but the difference was not statistically significant [13.00% (16/123) vs. 7.5% (16/213), χ2=2.734, P=0.122]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that short-term (<4 weeks) use of SGLT2i would not increase the risk of CIAKI after PCI in T2DM patients ( OR=0.507, 95% CI 0.238-1.077, P=0.077). Short-term application of SGLT2i before PCI may not increase the risk of CIAKI, but it is advisable to avoid initiating the application of SGLT2i before PCI as much as possible.

Objective To construct a trajectory model for the changes in body roundness index(BRI)of elderly people in China from 2011 to 2018 based on the data derived from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS),and analyze the influencing factors of different BRI trajectories.Methods Based on the longitudinal cohort data from the CLHLS platform,group-based trajectory model(GBTM)analysis was used to construct longitudinal change trajectories of 3 waves of BRI(2011,2014,and 2018)that meet our research criteria.Unordered multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors of different BRI trajectories.Results A total of 2 512 valid samples were included in the analysis.The BRI trajectory of Chinese elderly people fitted by GBTM was optimally grouped into low-,medium-,and high-level growth trajectory models.There were statistically significant differences among different BRI trajectory groups in gender,length of education,resident place,living with spouse,retirement pension,sleep quality,smoking history,drinking history,continuous exercise,frequency of fruit consumption,frequency of salt-preserved vegetables consumption,and"fruit+protein"dietary patterns(P<0.05).Disordered multiclass logistic regression analysis found that,using the low-level growth trajectory model as a reference,males and those with a history of smoking were less likely to exhibit moderate to high growth levels of BRI trajectories;Elderly people with retirement pensions were more likely to exhibit a moderate to high growth level of BRI trajectory;People with a history of alcohol consumption were more likely to exhibit a moderate steady growth level of BRI trajectory;People with longer than 10 years of education were less likely to exhibit a high level of growth in the BRI trajectory,while urban residents and those who frequently consumed fruits and salted vegetables were more likely to exhibit a high level of growth in the BRI trajectory.Conclusion The trajectory of BRI changes among elderly people in China from 2011 to 2018 can be divided into 3 groups,which are influenced by multiple factors such as gender,resident place,and length of education.It is necessary to pay attention to and make measures in advance to improve the quality of life in the elderly.Countermeasures It is advisable to incorporate BRI as a core indicator in elderly health monitoring systems,establish a dynamic management mechanism for high-risk populations,and implement precision-targeted lifestyle interventions and health guidance.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided lower transverse abdominal muscle plane (TAP) block combined with esketamine intravenous controlled analgesia on postoperative patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) .Methods:A total of 120 CRC patients admitted to Linyi Central Hospital from Aug. 2022 to Aug. 2024 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received esketamine intravenous controlled analgesia, and the observation group was combined with TAP under ultrasound guidance on the basis of the control group. The postoperative recovery, pain numerical score (NRS), heart rate and mean arterial pressure of 1h, 8h and 48h were compared between the two groups. The levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) and adverse reactions were compared before anesthesia (T0), 24h (T1) and 48h (T2) after surgery. Results:The feeding time and the first exhaust time in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The NRS scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at 1h, 8h and 48h after operation ( P<0.05). The heart rate and mean arterial pressure of both groups increased at 8h and 48h after surgery, and the observation group was lower than the control group ( P<0.05). Serum IL-6, IL-10 and IL-1 β in both groups were higher than those in T0 at T1 and T2, and IL-6 and IL-1 β in observation group were lower than those in control group, and IL-10 was higher than those in control group ( P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was lower than that in control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided TAP combined with esketamine intravenous controlled analgesia can effectively accelerate the postoperative recovery of CRC patients, reduce the level of pain, and alleviate the inflammatory response of the body, with high safety.

BACKGROUND:Synovitis is involved in all stages of osteoarthritis and is a key factor contributing to the development of osteoarthritis.Studies have shown that circular RNA(circRNA)plays an important role in the proliferation,apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation of synovial cells and chondrocytes.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of circRNA SEC24A on the interleukin-1β-induced proliferation,apoptosis,and expression of inflammatory factors in human synovial fibroblasts.METHODS:Human synovial fibroblasts were divided into four groups,including control group,interleukin-1β group,empty vector group,and sh-circSEC24A group.Except for the control group,the other three groups were induced with 10 ng/mL interleukin-1β for 24 hours to establish inflammatory cell models;the empty vector group and sh-circSEC24A group were infected with empty vector virus and lentiviral vector knocking down circSEC24A.CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis.ELISA was used to detect the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9,matrix metalloproteinase-13,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α in cell supernatant.Western blot assay was used to detect the relative expression levels of Bax,Bcl-2,matrix metalloproteinase-9,matrix metalloproteinase-13,casepase3,cleaved-casepase3,casepase8,and cleaved-casepase8 proteins in cells.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)qRT-PCR results showed that compared with the normal group,the expression of circSEC24A in human synovial fibroblasts induced by interleukin 1β was significantly up-regulated.(2)The absorbance value of cells in the sh-circSEC24A group detected by CCK-8 assay was significantly higher than that of interleukin 1β group and empty vector group(P＜0.05).The apoptosis rate of sh-circSEC24A group detected by flow cytometry was significantly lower than that of interleukin 1β group and empty vector group(P＜0.05).(3)The levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 in the supernatant of human synovial fibroblasts in the sh-circSEC24A group detected by ELISA were significantly lower than those in the interleukin 1β group and the empty vector group(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).(4)Western blot assay results showed that compared with the interleukin 1β group and the empty vector group,the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor Bax protein in the sh-circSEC24A group significantly decreased,and the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 protein increased significantly(P＜0.05);apoptosis and related activating factors cleaved-casepase3 and cleaved-casepase8 protein expressions were both reduced(P＜0.05).(5)ELISA and western blot assay results showed that compared with the interleukin 1β group and the empty vector group,the sh-circSEC24A group had lower levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 protein(P＜0.05).These findings indicated that the expression of circSEC24A was abnormally increased in human synovial fibroblasts induced by interleukin 1β.Knocking down circSEC24A expression could promote the proliferation of human synovial fibroblasts and inhibit apoptosis,inflammatory factor release,and extracellular matrix degradation,suggesting that circSEC24A may be an important intervention target for early osteoarthritis.