Objective To explore the correlation between alterations in intestinal microbiota composition and abnormal cytokine expression in patients with gastric cancer. Methods Fecal and peripheral blood samples were collected from 81 patients with gastric cancer (gastric cancer group) and 85 healthy subjects (healthy control group). Fecal bacterial DNA was sequenced through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and the serum levels of 17 cytokines were measured with the AimPlex multiplex assay technology: IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A, TNF-α, TNF-β, GM-CSF, G-CSF, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1, and VEGF-A. Results In the gastric cancer group, the abundances of 11 butyrate-producing bacteria, including certain genera of the Lachnospiraceae family (such as Lachnospira and Roseburia) and Faecalibacterium, considerably decreased. By contrast, the abundances of nine bacterial taxa, including Escherichia–Shigella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Parabacteroides, significantly increased. Correlation analysis showed that the decrease in the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria were significantly negatively correlated with the high expression levels of pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive cytokines in the gastric cancer group, including IP-10, IL-10, MCP-1, IL-8, IL-6, and VEGF-A. However, the decrease was significantly positively correlated with the downregulation of antitumor immune-related cytokines, including IL-2, IL-17A, IL-1β, TNF-β, and GM-CSF. Conversely, the enriched bacterial taxa exhibited opposite correlation patterns with these cytokines. Conclusion A close correlation is observed between intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and abnormal cytokine expression in patients with gastric cancer. The findings suggest that restoring the intestinal microbiota through fecal microbiota transplantation is a promising strategy for regulating cytokines and is a potential research direction for the adjuvant therapy of gastric cancer.

With the widespread application of information technology in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),the data in the TCM domain is becoming increasingly rich.The emergence of data-driven research in TCM has utilized knowledge graphs for the management,analysis,and presentation of TCM data,becoming a crucial method for the inheritance and innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Therefore,reasoning based on TCM knowledge graphs has become a hot topic in contemporary TCM research.In order to better utilize knowledge graph reasoning technology to promote innovation and development in TCM,this article,after providing an overview of TCM knowledge graph reasoning,focuses on the development of knowledge graph reasoning in TCM and its applications from three perspectives:logic rule-based,distributed representation,and neural network-based methods.Finally,the article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of knowledge reasoning methods and provides prospects for research and applications in TCM knowledge graph reasoning,including studies on interpretability,temporal knowledge graphs,and the fusion of multimodal information.

With the widespread application of information technology in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),the data in the TCM domain is becoming increasingly rich.The emergence of data-driven research in TCM has utilized knowledge graphs for the management,analysis,and presentation of TCM data,becoming a crucial method for the inheritance and innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine.Therefore,reasoning based on TCM knowledge graphs has become a hot topic in contemporary TCM research.In order to better utilize knowledge graph reasoning technology to promote innovation and development in TCM,this article,after providing an overview of TCM knowledge graph reasoning,focuses on the development of knowledge graph reasoning in TCM and its applications from three perspectives:logic rule-based,distributed representation,and neural network-based methods.Finally,the article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of knowledge reasoning methods and provides prospects for research and applications in TCM knowledge graph reasoning,including studies on interpretability,temporal knowledge graphs,and the fusion of multimodal information.

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that massage can reduce blood sugar,promote myogenic factor expression,and increase skeletal muscle content.The extracellular matrix is an important component of skeletal muscle,and association between massage and extracellular matrix and their mechanism of action are still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of massage on extracellular matrix collagen deposition in type 2 diabetic sarcopenia rats.METHODS:Totally 24 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,and massage group.High-fat diet combined with the streptozotocin method was used to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia model.After successful model establishment,the massage group used abdominal massage combined with hind limbs.After 8 weeks of treatment,the fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels of the rats were measured.The skeletal muscle mass was detected by dual-energy X-ray.The exhaustion time was measured by small animal treadmill.The sliding angle was measured by inclined board test.The pathological changes of skeletal muscle tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The skeletal muscle collagen deposition was observed by Masson staining.The mRNA and protein expressions of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen in skeletal muscle were detected by qPCR and western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the model group,the blood glucose(P＜0.05)and serum insulin(P＜0.01)decreased in the massage group.(2)Compared with the model group,the skeletal muscle mass,running exhaustion time,and the angle of inclined plate experiment were increased in massage group(P＜0.05).(3)Compared with the model group,the skeletal muscles of the massage group were arranged neatly,muscle atrophy was improved,and collagen fiber deposition was reduced.(4)Compared with the model group,the expression levels of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle were decreased in the massage group(P＜0.05).(5)The results suggest that massage can enhance insulin sensitivity,lower blood sugar,improve skeletal muscle mass,strength and function,and diminish collagen deposition in rats with type 2 diabetes,and may be a potential target for massage to exert its therapeutic effects.

To understand the current epidemiological status and biological characteristics of avian paramyxoviruses(APMV)in wild birds in China,a total of 1 384 fecal samples of wild birds were collected in eight provinces(autonomous regions),including Ningxia,in 2023,to detect avian pa-ramyxovirus infections by viral isolation and RT-PCR.Positive samples were subjected to F gene sequence amplification and genetic evolutionary analyses.The results showed that 10 strains of APMV were isolated and identified from 1 384 wild bird feces samples with a positive rate of 0.72％.Out of the 10 strains,4 strains were APMV-1,which was in the same branch to the Ameri-can goose APMV-1 strain and had the homology ranging from 93％to 97.3％.Three strains of APMV-4 were in the same branch with the Russian duck APMV-4 strain and the Russian pintail APMV-4 strain,with homology ranging from 99.1％to 99.5％.Three strains were APMV-6,they were in the same branch with the Russian ruddy bladdered duck APMV-6 strain,with homology ranging from 98.7％to 99.20％.The intracerebral inoculatable pathogenicity index(ICPI)of the four strains for 1-day-old chicks ranged from 0 to 0.48,which was low in pathogenicity for chick-ens.The above results enriches the epidemiological information and the biological characteristics of avian paramyxovirus in wild birds in China,which provides a reference for the early warning,scien-tific prevention and control of this disease.

To understand the current epidemiological status and biological characteristics of avian paramyxoviruses(APMV)in wild birds in China,a total of 1 384 fecal samples of wild birds were collected in eight provinces(autonomous regions),including Ningxia,in 2023,to detect avian pa-ramyxovirus infections by viral isolation and RT-PCR.Positive samples were subjected to F gene sequence amplification and genetic evolutionary analyses.The results showed that 10 strains of APMV were isolated and identified from 1 384 wild bird feces samples with a positive rate of 0.72％.Out of the 10 strains,4 strains were APMV-1,which was in the same branch to the Ameri-can goose APMV-1 strain and had the homology ranging from 93％to 97.3％.Three strains of APMV-4 were in the same branch with the Russian duck APMV-4 strain and the Russian pintail APMV-4 strain,with homology ranging from 99.1％to 99.5％.Three strains were APMV-6,they were in the same branch with the Russian ruddy bladdered duck APMV-6 strain,with homology ranging from 98.7％to 99.20％.The intracerebral inoculatable pathogenicity index(ICPI)of the four strains for 1-day-old chicks ranged from 0 to 0.48,which was low in pathogenicity for chick-ens.The above results enriches the epidemiological information and the biological characteristics of avian paramyxovirus in wild birds in China,which provides a reference for the early warning,scien-tific prevention and control of this disease.

Dental implantology has developed rapidly for over half a century,since pure titanium(99.7％)dental cylindrical threaded implants were exploited and osseointegration was introduced in 1960s by Prof.Br?nemark.The long term retention rates of 10 years or more are over 95％.However,the biological complications jeopardize the long term effects of dental implant treatment seriously.The prevalence of dental implant biological complications varies greatly among different reports resulting from the disparities on the defini-tions of dental implant biological complications.After analyzing and summarizing the major opinions proposed internationally in recent years,the consensus for the definition of dental implant biological complications has been reached.Generally the dental implant biologi-cal implications can be classified into early stage(before restoration)biological complications and late stage(after restoration)biological complications.The early stage biological complications include acute and chronic infections,pain,soft tissue deficiency,and osseointegration failure,etc.The late stage complications include peri-implant diseases(peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis),soft tissue deficiency around implant,implant loosening and dropping off,etc.The various risk factors related to different dental implant biological complications,the strategies of the prevention and treatment for the dental implant biological complications have been discussed comprehensively,and the consensus has been reached.It is aimed to advocate the dentist to pay more attention to the early prevention of the biological implant complications,to promote more researches on the implant biological complications,and to help elevate the level of dental implantology in our country.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor that poses a threat to women's health in China,with incidence and mortality rates persistently increasing.Given this critical situation,there is an urgent need to optimize therapeutic options through basic translational research to address current treatment challenges.This article provided a comprehensive overview of the significant advancements in fundamental translational breast cancer research in China over the past five years,aiming to provide a scientific basis and new directions for precision treatment of breast cancer.This research encompasses a range of subjects,including molecular typing,biomarker identification,exploration of drug resistance mechanisms,optimization of precision treatment strategies,and identification of new targets in breast cancer.In the domain of molecular typing,researchers have revealed substantial disparities in treatment responses among distinct subtypes of breast cancer through in-depth analysis.This has led to the proposal of specific therapeutic strategies for each subtype,thereby establishing a robust theoretical foundation for individualized treatment approaches.The identification of biomarkers plays a pivotal role in selecting appropriate treatment options for patients.Recent research advancements have demonstrated the potential of liquid biopsy and proteomics technologies in uncovering promising biomarkers,offering novel prospects for the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of breast cancer.In the investigation of resistance mechanisms,researchers have elucidated the molecular underpinnings of resistance to endocrine therapy and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-targeted therapy and proposed potential strategies to overcome resistance.This has paved the way for novel approaches to enhance therapeutic efficacy.In the context of immunotherapy and targeted therapies,the discernment of novel targets and biomarkers has facilitated novel perspectives on breast cancer treatment.Based on advanced comprehension of tumor heterogeneity,researchers constantly optimize precision treatment strategies through multiomics analysis,thus offering patients with breast cancer enhanced personalized treatment options.Concurrently,the implementation of novel technologies has been instrumental in facilitating the advancement of precision treatment for breast cancer.For instance,the application of artificial intelligence technology has demonstrated considerable potential in the early screening,diagnosis,efficacy assessment and prognosis prediction of breast cancer.Conversely,the advent of innovative drug delivery systems facilitated by nanotechnology has led to enhanced targeting and efficacy of pharmaceutical agents.Furthermore,research into hydrogel patch technology and tumor vaccines has yielded novel strategies for the treatment of breast cancer.Overall,China has accomplished remarkable achievements in the field of basic translational research on breast cancer.These findings not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer,but also provide new directions and hope for the development of future therapeutic strategies.With the advancement of multidisciplinary integration and the application of new emerging technologies,precision therapy is expected to provide more benefits to breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND:Studies have found that massage can reduce blood sugar,promote myogenic factor expression,and increase skeletal muscle content.The extracellular matrix is an important component of skeletal muscle,and association between massage and extracellular matrix and their mechanism of action are still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of massage on extracellular matrix collagen deposition in type 2 diabetic sarcopenia rats.METHODS:Totally 24 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,and massage group.High-fat diet combined with the streptozotocin method was used to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia model.After successful model establishment,the massage group used abdominal massage combined with hind limbs.After 8 weeks of treatment,the fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels of the rats were measured.The skeletal muscle mass was detected by dual-energy X-ray.The exhaustion time was measured by small animal treadmill.The sliding angle was measured by inclined board test.The pathological changes of skeletal muscle tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The skeletal muscle collagen deposition was observed by Masson staining.The mRNA and protein expressions of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen in skeletal muscle were detected by qPCR and western blot assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the model group,the blood glucose(P＜0.05)and serum insulin(P＜0.01)decreased in the massage group.(2)Compared with the model group,the skeletal muscle mass,running exhaustion time,and the angle of inclined plate experiment were increased in massage group(P＜0.05).(3)Compared with the model group,the skeletal muscles of the massage group were arranged neatly,muscle atrophy was improved,and collagen fiber deposition was reduced.(4)Compared with the model group,the expression levels of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ collagen mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle were decreased in the massage group(P＜0.05).(5)The results suggest that massage can enhance insulin sensitivity,lower blood sugar,improve skeletal muscle mass,strength and function,and diminish collagen deposition in rats with type 2 diabetes,and may be a potential target for massage to exert its therapeutic effects.

Objective:Comprehensive characterization of B-cell phenotypes and spatial distribution in oral lichen planus (OLP) and related oral lichenoid lesions (OLL)(OLP/OLL), with an emphasis on transcriptomic profiling and functional analysis, to uncover the epigenetic mechanisms underlying B cell-mediated immune regulation within the oral mucosal microenvironment.Methods:Single-cell RNA sequencing raw data were sourced from the GSE211630 database, encompassing samples from 2 cases of erosive OLP (EOLP), 3 cases of non-erosive OLP (NEOLP) and 1 healthy control (NORMAL). Following stringent quality control, the data underwent normalization, selection of highly variable genes and batch effect correction. Subsequent analyses included dimensionality reduction and unsupervised clustering to identify distinct cell populations. This study collected pathological specimens from 3 OLP/OLL patients and 3 healthy controls who were treated at the Department of Oral Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2021 to December 2023. Using 10X Genomics Visium HD spatial transcriptomics technology, tissue sections were processed through dewaxing, staining and histological imaging, enabling the reconstruction of nucleic acid structures and the capture of gene expression profiles. Data analysis included quality assessment, gene quantification, normalization, dimensionality reduction and clustering. Furthermore, cell type deconvolution was performed using the robust cell type decomposition algorithm, integrating single-cell transcriptomic data to accurately predict and spatially resolve cell type distributions within the tissue microenvironment.Results:After integrating single-cell data from EOLP, NEOLP and NORMAL, cells were classified into seven major categories: B/plasma cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, myeloid cells, smooth muscle cells and T/natural killer cells. The proportion of B/plasma cells varied significantly among the three groups, accounting for 10.7% (1 693/15 815), 3.8% (833/21 653) and 0.4% (47/11 556) of the total cells respectively. Further clustering analysis of B/plasma cells identified four distinct subpopulations: naive B cells, activated B cells, memory B cells and plasma cells. In the EOLP group, these subpopulations constituted 25.9% (348/1 344), 45.9% (617/1 344), 3.3% (45/1 344) and 24.9% (334/1 344) of the B/plasma cells respectively. In the NEOLP group, they represented 31.6% (195/617), 59.6% (368/617), 0.2% (1/617) and 8.6% (53/617). Howerer, only plasma cells were detected in the NORMAL group. Spatial analysis revealed that B cells were actively involved in the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) at various stages in OLP/OLL samples, with a prominent structural organization observed in secondary follicle-like TLS. Within these structures, the expressions of T cells marker gene CD3E and B cells marker gene MS4A1 were significantly elevated. Additionally, in secondary follicle-like TLS, the gene encoding follicular dendritic cell secreted protein, germinal center marker gene B cell lymphoma 6 and the gene for activation induced cytidine deaminase also showed strong expression. In OLP/OLL samples, plasma cell marker gene CD38, immunoglobulin (IGH) G3, IGHG1, IGHM, IGHD, IGHE, imunoglobulin Kappa constant, immunoglobulin alpha 1, immunoglobulin Lambda constant 1 and complement gene C3 all exhibited high levels of expression.Conclusions:Compared to normal mucosa, extensive B-cell infiltration is observed in both OLP and OLL, accompanied by significant differences in B-cell phenotypes and proportions. B cells appear to play a central role in local immune responses, primarily through the formation of TLS. However, the precise functional mechanisms underlying their involvement require further investigation.