Objective To investigate the impact of two different algorithms, AAA and AXB, on the dose distribution of postoperative radiotherapy for left-sided breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery. Methods A total of 96 target volumes from patients who underwent breast-conserving surgery for left-sided breast cancer were selected for dose verification using a two-dimensional matrix system. The planned dose distributions were simulated using both AAA and AXB algorithms. Dosimetric differences in organs at risk and the target volumes were then compared to identify the algorithm that could reduce the radiation dose to organs at risk without compromising the dose distribution to the target volume. Dose verification was performed on the plans generated by both algorithms, and the pass rates of plans for each target volume using both algorithms were compared to provide a quantitative basis for the precise selection of subsequent radiotherapy plans. Results Both AAA and AXB plans met the radiotherapy requirements. The AXB algorithm demonstrated significant advantages in the D₉₈, D₂, homogeneity index, and conformity index for the planning target volume, as well as in the V₅ and V₂₀ for the left lung. The AXB algorithm showed advantages in the V₃₀ for the heart and the maximum and mean doses for the skin. With the 2 mm/2% criterion in dose verification, the gamma pass rate was higher for the AXB algorithm. Conclusion Through a comparative analysis of the two algorithms, this study revealed that the AXB algorithm offers certain advantages in the dose distribution of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for left-sided breast cancer. These findings provide an important reference for the rational selection of algorithms in clinical practice and are expected to improve radiotherapy efficacy and patient prognosis.

Renal abscess is a rare type of urinary system infectious disease in children,and its clinical manifestations are often atypical,posing significant challenges to clinicians in diagnosis.This article reports a case of renal abscess.The child had intermittent fever and was eventually diagnosed with renal abscess.After anti-infection and puncture drainage,the child recovered.Metagenomic detection of pathogenic microorganisms in renal abscess revealed Bacteroides fragilis.This article discusses the issues of diagnosis,treatment,laboratory testing and prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Copper is an essential trace element and plays a key role in series of physiological activities in the body.Metabolic disturbance of copper is closely associated with multiple diseases.Copper metabolism is mainly involved in the absorption,transport,storage and excretion of copper ions,and all the above processes regulate copper homeostasis in the body.In recent years,many studies have confirmed that copper homeostasis disorder severely affects the metabolic activities of the body and cause diseases in various systems.Besides,the role of copper in oral diseases has been of great interest.OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of copper in occurrence,development,and treatment of oral diseases,and provide a comprehensive overview of research advances in this field.METHODS:The first author searched relevant studies on copper in oral diseases using a computer in PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI.The key words were"Cu,copper,copper metabolism,oral diseases,oral squamous cell carcinoma,periodontitis,oral submucous fibrosis,oral lichen planus,recurrent oral ulceration,pultitis"in English and Chinese.After screening,78 articles were included for further review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma have elevated concentrations of copper in serum and saliva,and elevated copper promotes cancer progression through oxidative stress and promoting angiogenesis.Excessive elevation or reduction of copper concentration in tumor cells can inhibit the growth of tumor cells.The combination of copper and anticancer drugs can significantly improve the efficacy of drugs.(2)The concentration of copper in the serum of patients with periodontitis is increased,and excessive copper can aggravate periodontitis through promoting oxidative stress.Combination of copper and drugs can promote periodontal bone regeneration and periodontal tissue healing.(3)The level of copper is positively correlated with degree of oral mucosa fibrosis.Copper that enters the oral mucosa promotes fibrosis of oral mucosa by enhancing activity of lysyloxidase to increase production of collagen.(4)Copper levels are elevated in patients with oral lichen planus,and elevated copper may promote the progression of oral lichen planus by modulating immune cell function.(5)In patients with recurrent oral ulcers,serum copper level is significantly increased,and utilization of copper becomes disordered,which could decrease copper-containing enzyme activity,thus affecting the healing of ulcers.Copper is closely associated with multiple oral diseases and therapies targeting at copper could obviously enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs.But further studies are still needed to uncover its mechanisms to lay foundation for the better treatment of oral diseases.

Objective To analyze the literature on acupuncture and moxibustion in promoting regeneration and repair published at home and abroad based on bibliometrics to identify the current status,hotspots,and trends of research in this field.Methods Chinese and English literature related to acupuncture and moxibustion in promoting regeneration and repair published in China Knowledge Network(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)Core Collection were visualized and analyzed using VOSviewer and Citespace software.Results Since the inception of the database to June 30,2024,1651 and 1437 documents were published in Chinese and English,respectively,showing a fluctuating upward trend over the past 20 years,with China being the country with the highest number of publications,Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine being the research institution with the highest number of publications in the CNKI database,and Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine being the research institutions with the highest number of publications in the WOS database.The keyword analysis revealed that the research hotspot of acupuncture and moxibustion in promoting regeneration and repair focused on acupuncture therapies based on electroacupuncture,acupuncture and moxibustion,as well as research targets based on the brain,spinal cord and gastrointestinal mucosa,and the future research trend would be centered on the mechanism of action,focusing on the value of more acupuncture therapies in diseases such as spinal cord injury and ulcerative colitis.Conclusion In recent years,the research field of acupuncture and moxibustion in promoting regeneration and repair has developed rapidly,and various research teams have achieved rich results.The research hotspots have shown a diversified and deeper trend,and the application of acupuncture and moxibustion in promoting regeneration and repair has a broad prospect,and it is expected to provide more effective therapeutic means for the clinic.

BACKGROUND:Copper is an essential trace element and plays a key role in series of physiological activities in the body.Metabolic disturbance of copper is closely associated with multiple diseases.Copper metabolism is mainly involved in the absorption,transport,storage and excretion of copper ions,and all the above processes regulate copper homeostasis in the body.In recent years,many studies have confirmed that copper homeostasis disorder severely affects the metabolic activities of the body and cause diseases in various systems.Besides,the role of copper in oral diseases has been of great interest.OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of copper in occurrence,development,and treatment of oral diseases,and provide a comprehensive overview of research advances in this field.METHODS:The first author searched relevant studies on copper in oral diseases using a computer in PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI.The key words were"Cu,copper,copper metabolism,oral diseases,oral squamous cell carcinoma,periodontitis,oral submucous fibrosis,oral lichen planus,recurrent oral ulceration,pultitis"in English and Chinese.After screening,78 articles were included for further review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma have elevated concentrations of copper in serum and saliva,and elevated copper promotes cancer progression through oxidative stress and promoting angiogenesis.Excessive elevation or reduction of copper concentration in tumor cells can inhibit the growth of tumor cells.The combination of copper and anticancer drugs can significantly improve the efficacy of drugs.(2)The concentration of copper in the serum of patients with periodontitis is increased,and excessive copper can aggravate periodontitis through promoting oxidative stress.Combination of copper and drugs can promote periodontal bone regeneration and periodontal tissue healing.(3)The level of copper is positively correlated with degree of oral mucosa fibrosis.Copper that enters the oral mucosa promotes fibrosis of oral mucosa by enhancing activity of lysyloxidase to increase production of collagen.(4)Copper levels are elevated in patients with oral lichen planus,and elevated copper may promote the progression of oral lichen planus by modulating immune cell function.(5)In patients with recurrent oral ulcers,serum copper level is significantly increased,and utilization of copper becomes disordered,which could decrease copper-containing enzyme activity,thus affecting the healing of ulcers.Copper is closely associated with multiple oral diseases and therapies targeting at copper could obviously enhance the therapeutic effect of drugs.But further studies are still needed to uncover its mechanisms to lay foundation for the better treatment of oral diseases.

Renal abscess is a rare type of urinary system infectious disease in children,and its clinical manifestations are often atypical,posing significant challenges to clinicians in diagnosis.This article reports a case of renal abscess.The child had intermittent fever and was eventually diagnosed with renal abscess.After anti-infection and puncture drainage,the child recovered.Metagenomic detection of pathogenic microorganisms in renal abscess revealed Bacteroides fragilis.This article discusses the issues of diagnosis,treatment,laboratory testing and prognosis.

Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common clinical gastrointestinal emergency with a high mortality rate.Intestinal dysfunction is one of the common complications of AP and can aggravate the disease condition.Therefore,early and accurate assessment of the disease severity and intestinal dysfunction of AP is of great significance for improving the prognosis of patients.Aims:To investigate the correlation of early serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),C-reactive protein(CRP),endotoxin(ET),D-lactic acid(D-LA),and diamine oxidase(DAO)with disease severity and intestinal dysfunction in AP patients.Methods:A total of 52 AP patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from September 2023 to September 2024 were enrolled,and 10 healthy individuals recruited during the same period were served as the control group.AP patients were classified into mild acute pancreatitis(MAP),moderately severe acute pancreatitis(MSAP)and severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)groups according to the severity of the disease.Intestinal function was evaluated using the acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI)grading system.ELISA was used to detect the early serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO,and the correlation of these indicators with the severity of AP and AGI grade were analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient.Results:Serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO in the MAP,MSAP,and SAP groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05);serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO in the MSAP group were significantly higher than those in the MAP group(all P<0.05);serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the MAP and MSAP groups(all P<0.05).Compared with AGI grade 0-Ⅰ subjects,serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO in patients with AGI grade Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly increased(all P<0.05).Compared with AGI grade Ⅱ patients,serum D-LA level in patients with AGI grade Ⅲ was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with AGI grade Ⅲ patients,serum D-LA level in patients with AGI grade Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.05).Serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO were positively correlated with the severity of AP and AGI grade(all P<0.05).Conclusions:Early serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO in AP patients are significantly increased and closely related to the disease severity and intestinal dysfunction.

Objective To analyze the literature on acupuncture and moxibustion in promoting regeneration and repair published at home and abroad based on bibliometrics to identify the current status,hotspots,and trends of research in this field.Methods Chinese and English literature related to acupuncture and moxibustion in promoting regeneration and repair published in China Knowledge Network(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)Core Collection were visualized and analyzed using VOSviewer and Citespace software.Results Since the inception of the database to June 30,2024,1651 and 1437 documents were published in Chinese and English,respectively,showing a fluctuating upward trend over the past 20 years,with China being the country with the highest number of publications,Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine being the research institution with the highest number of publications in the CNKI database,and Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine being the research institutions with the highest number of publications in the WOS database.The keyword analysis revealed that the research hotspot of acupuncture and moxibustion in promoting regeneration and repair focused on acupuncture therapies based on electroacupuncture,acupuncture and moxibustion,as well as research targets based on the brain,spinal cord and gastrointestinal mucosa,and the future research trend would be centered on the mechanism of action,focusing on the value of more acupuncture therapies in diseases such as spinal cord injury and ulcerative colitis.Conclusion In recent years,the research field of acupuncture and moxibustion in promoting regeneration and repair has developed rapidly,and various research teams have achieved rich results.The research hotspots have shown a diversified and deeper trend,and the application of acupuncture and moxibustion in promoting regeneration and repair has a broad prospect,and it is expected to provide more effective therapeutic means for the clinic.

This paper summarizes the clinical experience in applying jiao （角） medicine to treat diabetes mellitus from the perspective of qi， blood， and fluids. It is believed that impaired spleen transportation and transformation is the key pathomechanism of diabetes， leading to metabolic disturbances in qi， blood， and fluids， and resulting in a sequential pathological progression of "qi → thick fluids → thin fluids → blood". At the qi level， the disease is mainly characterized by spleen qi deficiency and stagnation， and is commonly treated with Hongshen （Panax Ginseng）， Huangqi （Astragalus Mongholicus）， and Baizhu （Atractylodes Macrocephala） to tonify the spleen and regulate qi. At the thick fluids level， the condition manifests as abdominal distension， internal heat， and turbid pathogens， requiring Zexie （Alisma Orientale）， Huanglian （Coptis Chinensis）， and Dahuang （Rheum Palmatum） to clear the spleen and drain turbidity. At the thin fluids level， with qi and yin deficiency and predominant yin damage， Gegen （Pueraria Lobata）， Wuweizi （Schisandra Chinensis）， and Maidong （Ophiopogon Japonicus） are used to nourish yin and generate fluids. At the blood level， where vascular damage is predominant， Shuizhifen （Whitmania Pigra Powder）， Danshen （Salvia Miltiorrhiza）， and Sanqifen （Panax Notoginseng Powder） are applied to activate blood circulation， resolve stasis， and unblock the channels. Clinicians may flexibly select appropriate jiao medicine based on the specific pathological layer affected in each patient.

Background:Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common clinical gastrointestinal emergency with a high mortality rate.Intestinal dysfunction is one of the common complications of AP and can aggravate the disease condition.Therefore,early and accurate assessment of the disease severity and intestinal dysfunction of AP is of great significance for improving the prognosis of patients.Aims:To investigate the correlation of early serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),C-reactive protein(CRP),endotoxin(ET),D-lactic acid(D-LA),and diamine oxidase(DAO)with disease severity and intestinal dysfunction in AP patients.Methods:A total of 52 AP patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from September 2023 to September 2024 were enrolled,and 10 healthy individuals recruited during the same period were served as the control group.AP patients were classified into mild acute pancreatitis(MAP),moderately severe acute pancreatitis(MSAP)and severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)groups according to the severity of the disease.Intestinal function was evaluated using the acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI)grading system.ELISA was used to detect the early serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO,and the correlation of these indicators with the severity of AP and AGI grade were analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient.Results:Serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO in the MAP,MSAP,and SAP groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05);serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO in the MSAP group were significantly higher than those in the MAP group(all P<0.05);serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO in the SAP group were significantly higher than those in the MAP and MSAP groups(all P<0.05).Compared with AGI grade 0-Ⅰ subjects,serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO in patients with AGI grade Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly increased(all P<0.05).Compared with AGI grade Ⅱ patients,serum D-LA level in patients with AGI grade Ⅲ was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with AGI grade Ⅲ patients,serum D-LA level in patients with AGI grade Ⅳ was significantly increased(P<0.05).Serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO were positively correlated with the severity of AP and AGI grade(all P<0.05).Conclusions:Early serum levels of IL-1β,CRP,ET,D-LA,and DAO in AP patients are significantly increased and closely related to the disease severity and intestinal dysfunction.