BACKGROUND:During tissue repair and regeneration,macrophages exhibit multiple activities such as promoting inflammation,anti-inflammation,fibrosis,and wound healing at various stages of tissue damage.The heterogeneity and balanced polarization of macrophages are decisive in organ repair. OBJECTIVE:To explore the research hotspots and development trends in the field of macrophage polarization in tissue repair through visualization analysis methods,as well as the research level of global scientific and clinical workers in this field. METHODS:Using bibliometric analysis methods,this study employed Citespace literature visualization analysis software and VOSviewer tools,retrieving related literature from 2013 to 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection's Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-Expanded)and Social Sciences Citation Index Expanded(SSCI-Expanded)databases.The analysis results were presented in a dynamic map format,revealing the main trends and focuses of the research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of publications in this field had dramatically increased from 2013 to 2023,with a significant rise starting in 2017.Chinese researchers had the highest number of publications,with 642 papers,while American researchers began focusing on this field early on.Professor Elisseeff Hennifer H had made a substantial contribution to the research in this area.Shanghai Jiao Tong University had produced the most publications.In recent years,keywords such as"hyaluronic acid"and"regulation"had been prevalent.Macrophage polarization research in tissue repair primarily concentrates on its multifunctional regulatory mechanisms,interactions with other cell types,and its behavior under specific pathological conditions.The main research areas include the role of macrophages in wound healing,cardiovascular diseases,chronic inflammation,tumor microenvironments,and regenerative medicine.A deeper understanding of the multifunctionality and polarization mechanisms of macrophages can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to enhance tissue repair and regeneration,thereby improving patient treatment outcomes.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammation-related diseases due to their potent immunomodulatory properties. Several studies have demonstrated that MSC-mediated immunomodulation is complex and bidirectional, with the in vivo microenvironment influencing the direction of this modulation. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an immunosuppressive factor, has been identified as a key "switch" in the immunomodulatory role of MSCs. In this review, we explore how IDO functions as a critical regulator of MSC immunoregulatory plasticity. We delve into the mechanisms by which changes in IDO expression affect the function of various immune cells, summarize relevant research and clinical advances regarding the role of IDO expression in MSC-based therapies for various diseases, and discuss potential therapeutic strategies that target IDO to enhance the stability of MSC therapeutic effects. This provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing MSCs as safer and more effective clinical therapeutic agents.

ObjectiveTo adapt the Stanford Expectations of Treatment Scale（SETS） into Chinese（C-SETS） and test the feasibility， validity and reliability of its application in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome（IBS-D） with liver-constraint and spleen-deficiency syndrome treated with traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. MethodsWe obtained authorisation from the developer of the SETS， and followed the principle of "two-way translation" to translate the SETS by literal translation and back translation to form the C-SETS. Ninety-six IBS-D patients with liver-constraint and spleen-deficiency syndrome were enrolled as respondents and filled out C-SETS before receiving treatment； the feasibility was assessed by the recall rate， completion rate and the duration of filling out the scale； the reliability was assessed by Cronbach's α； the structural validity was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis， and the content validity was assessed by correlation analysis. ResultsThe C-SETS consists of 10 items， with the 1st， 3rd， and 5th rating items constituting the Positive Expectations subscale， and the 2nd， 4th， and 6th rating items constituting the Negative Expectations subscale， each of which is rated on a 7-point Likert Scale. The recall of C-SETS was 100%（96/96）， the completion rate was 89.58%（86/96）； Cronbach's α for the Positive and Negative Treatment Expectations subscales were 0.845 and 0.854， respectively； exploratory factor analysis showed that the coefficient of commonality for all six entries was larger than 0.4， and that the six entries could be used by both factors to explain 77.092% of the total variance； validation factor analysis showed that the goodness-of-fit index， comparative fit index， root mean square of approximation error， canonical fit coefficient， and chi-square degrees of freedom ratio took the values of 0.943， 1.003， 0， 0.943， and 0.626， respectively； and the results of Spearman's analysis suggested that the C-SETS had good content validity. ConclusionThe C-SETS has well feasibility， reliability， and validity， which initially proves that it can be used as a tool to assess the treatment expectation of patients with IBS-D with liver-constraint and spleen-deficiency syndrome before receiving TCM treatment.

Objective To construct a nomogram model for predicting the risk of in-hospital death in CHF patients by using noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring combined with age,DBP,CRP and renal insufficiency(serum creatinine≥ 442 μmol/L).Methods A total of 223 elderly patients with acute onset of CHF admitted in First,Second Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hos-pital from September 2022 to March 2023 were recruited in this study.According to their clinical outcomes,they were divided into survival group(196 cases)and death group(27 cases).Based on the in-hospital death and other related indicators,a nomogram model was constructed to predict the risk factors of in-hospital death in CHF.Results Noninvasive hemodynamic mornitoring indi-cated that the death group had significantly higher LVEF and LCWI values but lower LVEDV value than the survival group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.131,95％CI:1.052-1.213,P=0.001),DBP(OR=0.932,95％CI:0.882-0.982,P=0.011),CRP(OR=1.171,95％CI:1.021-1.352,P=0.024),LVEDV(OR=0.984,95％CI:0.962-0.992,P=0.011)and renal insufficiency(OR=5.863,95％CI:1.351-1.731,P=0.004)were independent risk factors for the short-term prognosis of the elderly CHF patients.The AUC value of the nomogram model was 0.902(95％CI:0.819-0.948,P＜0.05),and calibration curve analysis showed the C-index was 0.902,indicating accurate predictive perform-ance.Conclusion Age,DBP,LVEDV,CRP and renal insufficiency are independent risk factors for the short-term prognosis of the elderly CHF patients.

Objective To study the appropriate concentration of oral Gadovist solution for improving the image quality of three-dimensional sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolutions magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(3D-SPACE-MRCP).Methods In vitro experiments,0.05％,0.1％,0.15％and 0.2％Gadovist solution and direct drinking water were put into 100 mL plastic containers respectively for 3D-SPACE-MRCP scanning to measure the signal intensity(SI)of Gadovist solutions in each group.The concentration and the SI of Gadovist solution were analyzed with Spearman correlation,and one-way variance analysis was performed to compare the SI of different concentration Gadovist solutions.In clinical experiments,128 subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups,and then taken orally 300 mL of 0.05％,0.1％,0.15％and 0.2％Gadovist solutions respectively.The 3D-SPACE-MRCP scanning was performed,and the image quality was evaluated by two physicians and compared by one-way variance analysis.Results In vitro experiments,there was an extremely strong negative correlation between the concentration and the SI of Gadovist solution(r=-0.969,P＜0.05),and there were significant differences in the SI among different concentrations of Gadovist solution(P＜0.05).In clinical experiments,among the 26 cases with first-level images,24 cases were distributed in the 0.1％Gadovist solution group.There was a statistically significant difference in image quality of the 3D-SPACE-MRCP with different oral concentrations of Gadovist solution(F=89.57,P＜0.05),however,there was no statistically significant difference between the 0.15％and the 0.2％Gadovist solution groups using the Tukey test(P＞0.05).Conclusion Oral Gadovist solution can significantly improve the images quality of 3D-SPACE-MRCP,and 0.1％solution is the appropriate dilution concentration.

Objective To analyze the risks and related influencing factors of early screening for lung cancer,and to study prognostic factors based on survival conditions,in order to ultimately provide baseline data for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 40 to 75 year old registered residence residents in 10 districts and 6 counties of Zhengzhou City in 2020 as screening objects.Through voluntary participation and filling in evaluation questionnaires,high-risk groups of lung cancer were evalu-ated,and then three screening tests(tumor markers,low-dose spiral CT and lung function)were performed on high-risk groups.Finally,we will adopt an active and passive follow-up approach to collect information on diag-nosed lung cancer patients.Statistically describe the screening data and describe the epidemiological results of different characteristic populations;Using multivariate logistic regression method for statistical analysis,compare the differences in various results of different factors.Results 50128 cases of early screening for lung cancer in Zhengzhou City were evaluated in 2020,with a completion rate of 100.26%.The average age of the survey was(59.86±17.67)years old,and the gender ratio was 0.81∶1.The high-risk detection rate is 30.15%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that males(smoking)(OR=5.43,95%CI:5.20～5.67),individuals with a history of tobacco exposure(OR=3.82,95%CI:3.67～3.98),first-degree relatives who had previously suffered from lung cancer(OR=12.06,95%CI:11.02～13.20),and other populations were more susceptible to lung cancer(all P<0.05).Conclusion Male(smoking),exposure to secondhand smoke,cancer in first-degree relatives,previous diagnosis of other tumors,symptoms of lung infection,"chest tightness,shortness of breath,and difficulty breathing in daily life",and"significant psychological trauma in the past 3 years"are independent risk factors for lung cancer,which should be given special attention and effective intervention measures should be taken.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of digestive tract. In 2020， 1.93 million new cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed globally， ranking third in the global incidence spectrum， and 930 000 new deaths were reported， ranking second in the global cause of death spectrum. Meanwhile， the medical cost of metastatic colorectal cancer is the highest among all stages. A large number of studies have demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） treatment can bring clinical benefits to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer with unique efficacy. In order to further standardize the TCM diagnosis and treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer and improve the level of TCM diagnosis and treatment， Xiyuan Hospital， China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， together with other relevant units in China， according to the guideline development process of the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development and the relevant requirements of the Clinical Evidence Grading Criteria on TCM Based on Evidence Body， the Regulations for Group Standards of China Association of Chinese Medicine and others， combined with the characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment and the actual situation in China， the Guidelines for TCM Diagnosis and Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer was developed in accordance with the Catalogue of TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Plans for 105 Diseases in 24 Specialties issued by Department of Medical Administration of National Administration of TCM.

Nowadays, engineered Komagataella phaffii plays an important role in the biosynthesis of small molecule metabolites and protein products, showing great potential and value in industrial productions. With the development and application of new editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, it has become possible to engineer K. phaffii into a cell factory with high polygenic efficiency. Here, the genetic manipulation techniques and objectives for engineering K. phaffii are first summarized. Secondly, the applications of engineered K. phaffii as a cell factory are introduced. Meanwhile, the advantages as well as disadvantages of using engineered K. phaffii as a cell factory are discussed and future engineering directions are prospected. This review aims to provide a reference for further engineering K. phaffii cell factory, which is supposed to facilitate its application in bioindustry.
Saccharomycetales/genetics* ; Genetic Techniques

BACKGROUND: Changes in thyroid hormone levels are commonly recognized characters among the elderly, which were reported to potentially influence incident frailty. Therefore, we examined the cross-sectional associations of thyroid hormones (THs) with frailty as well as the five components characterizing frailty (fatigue, resistance, ambulation, number of illnesses, and loss of weight) among the oldest-old. METHODS: Four hundred and eighty-seven community-dwelling oldest-old from a local community in Haidian District, Beijing, participated in our recruitment campaign between April 2019 and May 2020. The primary outcomes were a definitive diagnosis of frailty according to the FRAIL scale (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, Loss of weight) and a positive score for each frailty subdomain. Demographic information (age, sex, marital status, and educational status), comorbidities, and details on the participants' lifestyles were recorded. Serum THs including free triiodothyronin (fT3), triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were also measured at the beginning of our study. Logistic regressions were conducted to screen for potential risk factors for frailty and its subdomains. RESULTS: Among the total 487 subjects at enrollment, 60 (12.23%) of them were diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism and 110 (22.59%) of the total population scored positive for frailty. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for all potential confounders, showed that frailty was significantly associated with the serum TSH concentration (odds ratio [OR]: 1.06), fT3 concentration (OR: 0.54), and subclinical hypothyroidism score (OR: 2.18). The association between fT4 and frailty was absent in our observational study. The fT3/fT4 ratio characterizing peripheral hormone conversion was also tested to be correlated with frailty. CONCLUSION Subclinical hypothyroidism, higher TSH level, lower fT3 level, and decreased fT3/fT4 ratio were all associated with frailty assessed by the FRAIL scale among the community-dwelling oldest-old, suggesting a relevant role of thyroid function in aging. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to determine the casual relationship between thyroid dysfunction and frailty in the oldest-old.
Humans ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Thyroxine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Thyrotropin ; Frailty ; Independent Living ; Triiodothyronine ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Hormones ; Hypothyroidism ; Fatigue

We analyzed the project results of preventive medicine from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) finished in 2017 based on the project-ending reports and data on science fund sharing service network. A total of 406 projects in this field were completed in 2017. A total of 3 122 published articles supported by these projects, including 1 789 articles in science citation index (SCI) journals and 525 articles in Chinese core journals. In addition, there were 224 patent application/software copyright and 589 trained postgraduates. The top three sub-disciplines of project were non-communicable disease epidemiology, human nutrition and hygienic toxicology, accounting for 45.32% of the total number of completed projects. There were 12 institutions which had more than 10 finished projects, accounting for 41.87%. During the recent 5 years, the number of SCI articles and patents/software copyrights per project showed a general uptrend. It should be noted that the number of articles in Chinese core journals and postgraduates decreased in recent two years. Our analyses demonstrated that the project results should be guided by the new era policy of science fund to promote sustainable development of scientific research.