Objective:To investigate the regulatory effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on functional connectivity (FC) of thalamic subregions in patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).Methods:This study was a cross-sectional investigation. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were retrospectively collected from 56 PMS patients (PMS group) and 66 healthy controls (control group) recruited from various universities and hospitals in Nanning between November 2021 and June 2024. Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data and fMRI data during taVNS immediate stimulation (2 Hz, 25 Hz) were acquired from subjects during their late luteal phase. Using thalamic subregions (anterior thalamic nucleus, lateral nucleus, ventral nucleus, medial nucleus, central nucleus, posterior nucleus) as seeds, two-sample t-tests or paired t-tests were employed to analyze alterations in thalamic subregion FC in PMS patients and the regulatory effects of taVNS on these changes. Independent samples t-test were used to compare the differences in clinical and laboratory indicators between the PMS group and the control group. The relationship between taVNS regulation of thalamic subregion FC in PMS patients and thalamic internal functional connectivity were analyzed using mediation effect analysis. Results:Compared to the control group, patients in the PMS group showed increased scores on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale 17, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 14 during the late luteal phase ( P<0.05). At baseline, PMS patients exhibited higher FC between the left thalamic lateral nucleus and the left insula, and lower FC between the left medial nucleus, posterior nucleus, and ventral nucleus of the thalamus and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) compared to the control group (GRF corrected, voxel-level P<0.001, cluster-level P<0.05). During 2 Hz taVNS immediate stimulation in PMS group, FC between the left thalamic medial nucleus, posterior nucleus, ventral nucleus and the right MFG, as well as the FC between the left thalamic ventral nucleu and the left MFG increased compared to baseline levels; meanwhile, FC between the left thalamic posterior nucleus, ventral nucleus and the left insula decreased compared to baseline levels (GRF corrected, voxel-level P<0.001, cluster-level P<0.05). During 25 Hz taVNS immediate stimulation, the FC between the left thalamic ventral nucleus and the right MFG decreased compared to the baseline level (GRF corrected, voxel-level P<0.001, cluster-level P<0.05). Mediation effect analysis showed that the FC between the left thalamic posterior nucleus and the left lateral nucleus mediated part of the association between the FC of the left lateral thalamic nucleus-left insula and the FC of the left ventral thalamic nucleus-left putamen/insula; there were significant direct effects between the FC of the left lateral thalamic nucleus-the left posterior nucleus and FC of the left lateral thalamic nucleus-the left insula, as well as between the FC of the left ventral thalamic nucleus-the left MFG and FC of the left ventral thalamic nucleus-the right MFG. Conclusions:taVNS can modulate abnormal FC of the left thalamic subregions in PMS patients, restoring it toward normalization. The regulatory effects of 2 Hz stimulation are more pronounced than those of 25 Hz stimulation. This modulation primarily operates through two pathways: the left thalamic lateral nucleus-left insula-left thalamic ventral nucleus pathway and the left MFG-left thalamic ventral nucleus-right MFG.

Objective:To analyze the relevant studies on fertility concerns intervention programs for breast cancer survivors of childbearing age, and identify the specific content, outcome indicators and intervention effects of intervention, in order to provide reference for clinical staff to implement relevant intervention.Methods:According to the research method of scope review, the studies on the fertility concerns with breast cancer patients of childbearing age in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science etc. were searched. The search period was from database establishment to May 9, 2024. The included literature was classified and analyzed.Results:A total of 12 articles were included, 9 were randomized controlled trials, 2 were self-controlled before and after studies, and 1 was a prospective cohort study. Fertility concerns intervention programs included group fertility counseling centered on couples, fertility support based on a multidisciplinary team collaboration model, and fertility management based on "Internet + reproductive health". The duration of intervention was usually 4 or 24 weeks. The intervention had different effects on the level of fertility concerns, psychological state and marital status.Conclusions:At present, the intervention programs for fertility concerns of breast cancer survivors of childbearing age reflect the importance, professionalism, immediacy and interactivity, but China is in the initial stage, and there are still shortcomings in multidisciplinary teams, fertility referral system, and Internet platform construction. Future research should build a breast cancer fertility intervention program suitable for our country, and promote its application through the Internet.

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on functional connectivity (FC) of thalamic subregions in patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).Methods:This study was a cross-sectional investigation. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were retrospectively collected from 56 PMS patients (PMS group) and 66 healthy controls (control group) recruited from various universities and hospitals in Nanning between November 2021 and June 2024. Resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data and fMRI data during taVNS immediate stimulation (2 Hz, 25 Hz) were acquired from subjects during their late luteal phase. Using thalamic subregions (anterior thalamic nucleus, lateral nucleus, ventral nucleus, medial nucleus, central nucleus, posterior nucleus) as seeds, two-sample t-tests or paired t-tests were employed to analyze alterations in thalamic subregion FC in PMS patients and the regulatory effects of taVNS on these changes. Independent samples t-test were used to compare the differences in clinical and laboratory indicators between the PMS group and the control group. The relationship between taVNS regulation of thalamic subregion FC in PMS patients and thalamic internal functional connectivity were analyzed using mediation effect analysis. Results:Compared to the control group, patients in the PMS group showed increased scores on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale 17, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 14 during the late luteal phase ( P<0.05). At baseline, PMS patients exhibited higher FC between the left thalamic lateral nucleus and the left insula, and lower FC between the left medial nucleus, posterior nucleus, and ventral nucleus of the thalamus and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) compared to the control group (GRF corrected, voxel-level P<0.001, cluster-level P<0.05). During 2 Hz taVNS immediate stimulation in PMS group, FC between the left thalamic medial nucleus, posterior nucleus, ventral nucleus and the right MFG, as well as the FC between the left thalamic ventral nucleu and the left MFG increased compared to baseline levels; meanwhile, FC between the left thalamic posterior nucleus, ventral nucleus and the left insula decreased compared to baseline levels (GRF corrected, voxel-level P<0.001, cluster-level P<0.05). During 25 Hz taVNS immediate stimulation, the FC between the left thalamic ventral nucleus and the right MFG decreased compared to the baseline level (GRF corrected, voxel-level P<0.001, cluster-level P<0.05). Mediation effect analysis showed that the FC between the left thalamic posterior nucleus and the left lateral nucleus mediated part of the association between the FC of the left lateral thalamic nucleus-left insula and the FC of the left ventral thalamic nucleus-left putamen/insula; there were significant direct effects between the FC of the left lateral thalamic nucleus-the left posterior nucleus and FC of the left lateral thalamic nucleus-the left insula, as well as between the FC of the left ventral thalamic nucleus-the left MFG and FC of the left ventral thalamic nucleus-the right MFG. Conclusions:taVNS can modulate abnormal FC of the left thalamic subregions in PMS patients, restoring it toward normalization. The regulatory effects of 2 Hz stimulation are more pronounced than those of 25 Hz stimulation. This modulation primarily operates through two pathways: the left thalamic lateral nucleus-left insula-left thalamic ventral nucleus pathway and the left MFG-left thalamic ventral nucleus-right MFG.

Objective:To analyze the relevant studies on fertility concerns intervention programs for breast cancer survivors of childbearing age, and identify the specific content, outcome indicators and intervention effects of intervention, in order to provide reference for clinical staff to implement relevant intervention.Methods:According to the research method of scope review, the studies on the fertility concerns with breast cancer patients of childbearing age in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science etc. were searched. The search period was from database establishment to May 9, 2024. The included literature was classified and analyzed.Results:A total of 12 articles were included, 9 were randomized controlled trials, 2 were self-controlled before and after studies, and 1 was a prospective cohort study. Fertility concerns intervention programs included group fertility counseling centered on couples, fertility support based on a multidisciplinary team collaboration model, and fertility management based on "Internet + reproductive health". The duration of intervention was usually 4 or 24 weeks. The intervention had different effects on the level of fertility concerns, psychological state and marital status.Conclusions:At present, the intervention programs for fertility concerns of breast cancer survivors of childbearing age reflect the importance, professionalism, immediacy and interactivity, but China is in the initial stage, and there are still shortcomings in multidisciplinary teams, fertility referral system, and Internet platform construction. Future research should build a breast cancer fertility intervention program suitable for our country, and promote its application through the Internet.

Objective:To explore the longitudinal effect of learning stress on learning burnout in vocational college students, and the mediating role of academic procrastination.Methods:A total of 1 212 vocational college students were selected, and two follow-up surveys were conducted at 12-week intervals in September (T1) and November (T2) of 2024 using the basic situation questionnaire, the burnout inventory-student survey, the learning pressure questionnaire and the brief academic procrastination scale. SPSS 26.0 software was used to compare the demographic characteristics of students' depersonalization using t test and single factor analysis of variance. Bootstrap was used to analyze the relationship among learning stress, academic procrastination and learning burnout. Results:The scores of learning stress at T1 and T2 for vocational college students were 14.47±3.52 and 14.52 ±3.50, the scores of academic procrastination at T1 and T2 were 27.14±9.07 and 27.21±9.04, and the scores of learning burnout T1 and T2 were 39.38±8.76 and 39.69±8.79.The t-test showed that the score of learning burnout at T1 of students aged 18 and below (36.70±8.72) was lower than students aged 18 above (40.15±8.63, t=-5.81, P<0.01). The score of learning burnout for liberal arts students at T1(40.82±8.54) was higher than that of science students (37.68±8.72, t=6.31, P<0.01). Single factor analysis of variance showed that the score of learning burnout for grade 1 students at T1(35.19±8.45) was lower than that of grade 2 students (41.33±7.98) and grade 3 students (38.92±9.88), and learning burnout score of grade 2 students at T1 was higher than that of grades 3 students ( F=61.59, P<0.01). The score of learning burnout for high-achieving students at T1(36.23±8.34) was lower than that of middle-achieving students (39.82±8.52) and low-achieving students (45.42±9.14), and the score of learning burnout for middle-achieving students at T1 were lower than that of low-achieving students ( F=36.53, P<0.01). Bootstrap test showed that academic procrastination T2 played a partial mediating role in the relationship between learning stress T1 and learning burnout T2 (effect size=0.04, 95% CI=0.03-0.07). Academic procrastination T1 played a partial mediating role in the relationship between learning stress T1 and learning burnout T2 (effect size=0.05, 95% CI=0.04-0.07). Conclusion:Learning stress can directly affect learning burnout in vocational college students, and also can indirectly affect learning burnout through the mediating effect of academic procrastination.

Objective:To explore the longitudinal effect of learning stress on learning burnout in vocational college students, and the mediating role of academic procrastination.Methods:A total of 1 212 vocational college students were selected, and two follow-up surveys were conducted at 12-week intervals in September (T1) and November (T2) of 2024 using the basic situation questionnaire, the burnout inventory-student survey, the learning pressure questionnaire and the brief academic procrastination scale. SPSS 26.0 software was used to compare the demographic characteristics of students' depersonalization using t test and single factor analysis of variance. Bootstrap was used to analyze the relationship among learning stress, academic procrastination and learning burnout. Results:The scores of learning stress at T1 and T2 for vocational college students were 14.47±3.52 and 14.52 ±3.50, the scores of academic procrastination at T1 and T2 were 27.14±9.07 and 27.21±9.04, and the scores of learning burnout T1 and T2 were 39.38±8.76 and 39.69±8.79.The t-test showed that the score of learning burnout at T1 of students aged 18 and below (36.70±8.72) was lower than students aged 18 above (40.15±8.63, t=-5.81, P<0.01). The score of learning burnout for liberal arts students at T1(40.82±8.54) was higher than that of science students (37.68±8.72, t=6.31, P<0.01). Single factor analysis of variance showed that the score of learning burnout for grade 1 students at T1(35.19±8.45) was lower than that of grade 2 students (41.33±7.98) and grade 3 students (38.92±9.88), and learning burnout score of grade 2 students at T1 was higher than that of grades 3 students ( F=61.59, P<0.01). The score of learning burnout for high-achieving students at T1(36.23±8.34) was lower than that of middle-achieving students (39.82±8.52) and low-achieving students (45.42±9.14), and the score of learning burnout for middle-achieving students at T1 were lower than that of low-achieving students ( F=36.53, P<0.01). Bootstrap test showed that academic procrastination T2 played a partial mediating role in the relationship between learning stress T1 and learning burnout T2 (effect size=0.04, 95% CI=0.03-0.07). Academic procrastination T1 played a partial mediating role in the relationship between learning stress T1 and learning burnout T2 (effect size=0.05, 95% CI=0.04-0.07). Conclusion:Learning stress can directly affect learning burnout in vocational college students, and also can indirectly affect learning burnout through the mediating effect of academic procrastination.

Humans ; Consensus ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy* ; Neuroendocrine Tumors/therapy*

Objective:To explore the effect of rapamycin on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+ )-induced activation of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in microglia.Methods:The BV2 microglia cells were divided into control group, model group and rapamycin group.The model group and rapamycin group were treated by MPP+ to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, and rapamycin group was pretreated with rapamycin.Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and caspase-1.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein expression of NLRP3 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Western blot was carried out to assess the protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3).Results:The mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in model group were higher than those in control group ( t=4.825, 3.015, 5.853, all P<0.05). The mRNA levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in rapamycin group were lower than those in model group ( t=2.75, 2.89, both P<0.05). In model group, the protein expressions of NLRP3 (1.54±0.22), ASC (1.02±0.13) and caspase-1 (1.42±0.30) were higher than NLRP3 (0.66±0.15), ASC (0.41±0.14) and caspase-1 (0.70±0.10) in control group ( t=5.653, 5.602, 3.964, all P<0.01), while the protein expression of beclin1 (0.28±0.09) and LC3II/LC3I ratio(0.69±0.14) were lower than beclin1 (0.60±0.11) and LC3II/LC3I (1.29±0.23) in control group ( t=4.010, 3.982, both P<0.01). The protein expressions of NLRP3 (0.80±0.18) and ASC (0.68±0.14) in rapamycin group were lower than those in model group ( t=4.413, 3.077, both P<0.05), while the protein expression of beclin1 (0.65±0.20) and LC3II/LC3I ratio(1.42±0.36) were higher than those in model group ( t=2.965, 3.278, both P<0.05). Conclusion:MPP+ activates NLRP3 inflammasome and impairs autophagic function in microglia.Rapamycin inhibits MPP+ -induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by restoring autophagic impairment in microglia.

Objective To establish the cell model of intractable epilepsy and to observe its neuronal damage and morphologic change of neurites.Methods The model was established by exposing hippocampal neurons to Mg2+ -free media for 3 hours on days 10 of culture.Expression of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) in supernatant was measured as an index of neuronal damage.The morphologic change of neurons and neurites was observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results Compared to the control group, level of LDH (U/L) was significantly increased in the model group at different time points (3 hours: 4.26 ± 1.28, 6 hours: 6.56 ±2.34 and 24 hours: 16.67 ±3.57, P <0.05).With time prolonging, release of LDH in the model group was gradually increased (F = 39.316,P <0.05).Under optical microscope, neurons of model group migrated closely to each other and neurite connections appeared to be gradually "reticulated" after Mg2+ -free media treatment for 24 hours; and the "reticulated" neurites connections become more obvious after 72 hours.Under SEM, neuronal membrane was rough and had several small depressions, neurites were interlaced in cluster.Conclusions Neuronal damage and morphologic change of neurites are verified in the cell model of intractable epilepsy.

Objective To determine the incidence of bacterial infection in neonates due to group B streptococcus(GBS) in our hospital. Methods The specimens were collected from 141 neonatal infants with infectious symptoms and maternal risk factors. 93 blood and 6 CSF samples were performed bacterial culture.141 blood sera, 65 urine and 6 CSF samples were tested for GBS antigen by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis(CIE). Results In 141 neonatal infants, 27 cases were found GBS polysaccharide antigen positive(19.1%). Blood and CSF culture were positive only in 1 case. In 27 cases , there were 2 cases with meningitis, 6 cases with sepsis, 12 cases with infectious pneumonia , 2 cases with omphalitis, and 5 cases were only premature babies .There were 20 cases of early onset disease and 7 cases of late onset disease. There was one case that the same serotype(III/R) and DNA genes of GBS were found in the blood and CSF cultures of baby and his mother's vaginal swab culture . The antibacterial activity was found in the urine specimens of 32/34 cases in the first day on admission by micrococcus inhibition test, only 2 cases were negative. All patients were treated with Penicillin and Ampicillin. Conclusions (1)GBS is one of the pathogens in neonatal infection.(2)CIE method for identification of GBS polysaccharide antigen is sensitive and specific.(3)Penicillin was the first choice for neonatal GBS infection.