Surgical complications,as a key focus and challenge in hospital quality management,serve as important indicators for medical quality monitoring and hospital performance evaluation.From the perspective of hospital performance evaluation,it reviews relevant indicators related to surgical complications in domestic and international hospital performance evaluation systems.lt analyzes the definition and assessment methods of surgical complications,the calculation and evaluation methods of surgical complication incidence rates,and the association between surgical complications and medical insurance payments.The aim is to provide reference guidelines for further improving China's monitoring and evaluation system for surgical complications,thereby enhancing the accuracy,scientific rigor,and fairness of performance evaluations

This paper summarizes Professor WANG Xiuxia's clinical experience in treating hyperprolactinemia using the liver soothing therapy. Professor WANG identifies liver qi stagnation and rebellious chong qi （冲气） as the core pathomechanisms of hyperprolactinemia. Furthermore， liver qi stagnation may transform into fire or lead to pathological changes such as spleen deficiency with phlegm obstruction or kidney deficiency with essence depletion. The treatment strategy centers on soothing the liver， with a modified version of Qinggan Jieyu Decoction （清肝解郁汤） as the base formula. Depending on different syndrome patterns such as liver stagnation transforming into fire， liver stagnation with spleen deficiency， or liver stagnation with kidney deficiency， heat clearing， spleen strengthening， or kidney tonifying herbs are added accordingly. In addition， three paired herb combinations are commonly used for symptom specific treatment， Danggui （Angelica sinensis） with Chuanxiong （Ligusticum chuanxiong）， Zelan （Lycopus lucidus） with Yimucao （Leonurus japonicus） ， and Jiegeng （Platycodon grandiflorus） with Zisu （Perilla frutescens）.

This study analyzed the practical experience of the World Health Organization,the European Union,the United States,and Japan,to reveal the characteristics of health emergency drills in terms of institutional construction,technological integration,and international collaboration.The health emergency drills present three major development trends:paradigm shift driven by social demand,efficiency improvement empowered by intelligent technology,and deepening international cooperation under the global governance framework.In response to the construction needs of China's public health emergency system,policy recommendations were proposed to establish a hierarchical classification system,a full-cycle training strategy for major infectious diseases,a dual wheel drive mechanism by both techniques and qualified personnel,and a path for global governance participation.

Objective:To establish a rapid,quantitative and visualized method for the rapid detection of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP).Methods:Nucleic acid of S.mutans was extracted for LAMP reaction,the detection experimental conditions were optimized.Finally the positive results of the experiments were quantita-tively analyzed by using the mobile-based detection equipment.Results:The system detected the samples within 23 min and showed good specificity and sensitivity with an accuracy of 1.625×10-3 ng/μL.Positive results were captured,identified and quantified u-sing a mobile application,and the quantified results showed a good linear relationship between the absolute G value and the DNA concentration,with an equation of y=3.2x+57.133(R2=0.988 2).Conclusion:Quantitative detection of S.mutans by LAMP has the characteristics of high sensitivity,high specificity,result visualization,convenience and time-saving,and can quantify bacterial DNA.It is a new method for the early detection of caries susceptibility,and can be widely used in clinic.

Objective:To establish a rapid,quantitative and visualized method for the rapid detection of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP).Methods:Nucleic acid of S.mutans was extracted for LAMP reaction,the detection experimental conditions were optimized.Finally the positive results of the experiments were quantita-tively analyzed by using the mobile-based detection equipment.Results:The system detected the samples within 23 min and showed good specificity and sensitivity with an accuracy of 1.625×10-3 ng/μL.Positive results were captured,identified and quantified u-sing a mobile application,and the quantified results showed a good linear relationship between the absolute G value and the DNA concentration,with an equation of y=3.2x+57.133(R2=0.988 2).Conclusion:Quantitative detection of S.mutans by LAMP has the characteristics of high sensitivity,high specificity,result visualization,convenience and time-saving,and can quantify bacterial DNA.It is a new method for the early detection of caries susceptibility,and can be widely used in clinic.

Surgical complications,as a key focus and challenge in hospital quality management,serve as important indicators for medical quality monitoring and hospital performance evaluation.From the perspective of hospital performance evaluation,it reviews relevant indicators related to surgical complications in domestic and international hospital performance evaluation systems.lt analyzes the definition and assessment methods of surgical complications,the calculation and evaluation methods of surgical complication incidence rates,and the association between surgical complications and medical insurance payments.The aim is to provide reference guidelines for further improving China's monitoring and evaluation system for surgical complications,thereby enhancing the accuracy,scientific rigor,and fairness of performance evaluations

Objective Use of silencing information regulatory factor 1(SIRT1)/high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)/nuclear transcription factor-KB(NF-κB)to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge gynostemma pentaphyllum tea on hepatocyte inflammatory apoptosis in mice with carbon tetrachloride(CC14)-induced acute liver injury.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group;model group;resveratrol group;Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge gynostemma pentaphyllum tea low-,medium-,and high-dose groups;and a positive drug group.The mice were given continuous intragastric administration of the treatments for 14 days.An acute liver injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5％CC14 olive oil solution(5 mL/kg).The levels of alanine transferase(ALT),aspartate transferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in serum and hydroxyproline(Hyp),malondialdehyde(MDA),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the liver were determined by biochemical method.Serum levels of inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-1 β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Eosin-hematoxylin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining were used to examine the pathological morphology and apoptosis in liver tissues.The protein expression of SIRT1,HMGB1,and NF-κB were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with those of the control group,the model group's serum ALT,AST,and LDH levels and liver tissue Hyp activity were significantly increased;MDA and SOD activities in liver tissue were significantly decreased;the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1 β in liver tissue were significantly increased;and there were obvious signs of pathological injury and hepatocyte apoptosis in the liver tissue.The expression of SIRT1 protein decreased significantly,while the expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB proteins increased,in liver tissue.Compared with those of the model group,the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge gynostemma pentaphyllum tea high group and resveratrol group serum levels of ALT,AST,and LDH and liver tissue Hyp activity were significantly decreased;MDA and SOD activities in liver tissue were significantly increased;the levels of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β were decreased;and pathological injury to liver tissue and the apoptosis of liver cells were significantly improved.The expression of SIRT1 protein in liver tissue was increased,while the expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB protein were decreased in the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge gynostemma pentaphyllum tea high-dose group and resveratrol group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge gynostemma pentaphyllum tea effectively protects against acute liver injury,and its mechanisms may be related to the regulation of the SIRT1/HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway and the alleviation hepatocyte inflammatory apoptosis.

Objective Use of silencing information regulatory factor 1(SIRT1)/high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1)/nuclear transcription factor-KB(NF-κB)to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge gynostemma pentaphyllum tea on hepatocyte inflammatory apoptosis in mice with carbon tetrachloride(CC14)-induced acute liver injury.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group;model group;resveratrol group;Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge gynostemma pentaphyllum tea low-,medium-,and high-dose groups;and a positive drug group.The mice were given continuous intragastric administration of the treatments for 14 days.An acute liver injury model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 0.5％CC14 olive oil solution(5 mL/kg).The levels of alanine transferase(ALT),aspartate transferase(AST),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in serum and hydroxyproline(Hyp),malondialdehyde(MDA),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the liver were determined by biochemical method.Serum levels of inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-1 β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Eosin-hematoxylin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining were used to examine the pathological morphology and apoptosis in liver tissues.The protein expression of SIRT1,HMGB1,and NF-κB were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with those of the control group,the model group's serum ALT,AST,and LDH levels and liver tissue Hyp activity were significantly increased;MDA and SOD activities in liver tissue were significantly decreased;the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1 β in liver tissue were significantly increased;and there were obvious signs of pathological injury and hepatocyte apoptosis in the liver tissue.The expression of SIRT1 protein decreased significantly,while the expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB proteins increased,in liver tissue.Compared with those of the model group,the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge gynostemma pentaphyllum tea high group and resveratrol group serum levels of ALT,AST,and LDH and liver tissue Hyp activity were significantly decreased;MDA and SOD activities in liver tissue were significantly increased;the levels of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β were decreased;and pathological injury to liver tissue and the apoptosis of liver cells were significantly improved.The expression of SIRT1 protein in liver tissue was increased,while the expression of HMGB1 and NF-κB protein were decreased in the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge gynostemma pentaphyllum tea high-dose group and resveratrol group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge gynostemma pentaphyllum tea effectively protects against acute liver injury,and its mechanisms may be related to the regulation of the SIRT1/HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway and the alleviation hepatocyte inflammatory apoptosis.

Deinagkistrodon acutus(also known as the five-paced viper and the traditional Chinese medicine ingredient is called Agkistrodon) venom is a viscous liquid from the venom glands of the Deinagkistrodon acutus. It contains a variety of protein and peptide components such as phospholipase A2, serine protease, metalloproteinase, C-type lectin, L-amino acid oxidase, and has a variety of biological activities, playing an important role in anti-tumour, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities. In recent years, snake venom research has become increasingly widespread, but there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic studies on snake venom from Deinagkistrodon acutus. In this paper, the source, identification, active ingredients, toxicity studies and quality researches of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom are summarized and analysed by searching the related research progress, in order to provide reference for further development and utilization of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom.

As the major means of outpatient payment for basic medical insurance (the insurance for short) relies on fee-for-service, it tends to encourage unreasonable growth of medical expenses. Based on the principal-agent theory, this paper analyzed the principal-agent relationship between the insurance handling agencies and the hospitals designated by the insurance, and constructed a benefit game model of outpatient payment methods and the supporting supervision game model. This practice aims to explore the optimal and balanced benefit of the insurance payment methods and supporting supervision mechanism, and provide decision support for promoting the reform of medical insurance outpatient payment in China. The analysis results of the benefit game model of payment methods showed that a system mixing the post-payment and pre-payment could optimize and maximize the total benefits and interests of all the stakeholders within the system. Specifically, the practice recommended was a mixed payment integrating ambulatory-payment-classification, fee-for-service and global-budget-payment. The analysis of the supporting regulatory game model found that the factors that must be considered to ensure the expected utility of the above mixed payment mode as follows: the gap between the unreasonable income obtained by the hospital by out-of-control charging and the reward obtained by under-control charging, the size of the penalty after the unreasonable income of the hospital was discovered, the size of the regulatory cost and the loss of benefits of the government and the insured group. It is suggested to adopt the mixed payment method mainly based on the ambulatory-payment-classification supported by fee-for-service and global-budget. At the same time, medical insurance agencies can improve their supervision mechanism from such aspects as perfecting penalties, reducing supervision costs, leveraging government administrative power and advocating public supervision.