Charcoal-processed traditional Chinese herbal medicine has various therapeutic effects， including astringing， hemostasis， anti-diarrhea， clearing heat， tonifying， and warming the interior. This paper summarizes the clinical application features， compatible experiences， dosages， and precautions for over 20 types of charcoal-processed herbal medicine in the treatment of gynecological bleeding disorders caused by dysfunctions such as dysfunctional uterine bleeding， endometriosis， uterine incision pseudocavity， and vaginal bleeding resulting from threatened miscarriage. The charcoal-processed herbal medicine include Huangqin （Scutellaria Baicalensis） Charcoal， Dahuang （Rheum Palmatum） Charcoal， Cebai （Platycladus Orientalis） Charcoal， Diyu （Sanguisorba Officinalis） Charcoal， Daji （Cirsium Setosum） Charcoal， Xiaoji （Cirsium Japonicum） Charcoal， Shengdi （Rehmannia Glutinosa） Charcoal， Aiye （Artemisia Argyi） Charcoal， Paojiang （Zingiber Officinale） Charcoal， Xuduan （Dipsacus Asper） Charcoal， Duzhong （Eucommia Ulmoides） Charcoal， Qiancao （Rubia Cordifolia） Charcoal， Puhuang （Typha Angustifolia） Charcoal， Shanzha （Crataegus Pinnatifida） Charcoal， Jingjie （Schizonepeta Tenuifolia） Charcoal， Xueyu （Carthamus Tinctorius） Charcoal， Zonglyu （Areca Catechu） Charcoal， Wumei （Prunus Mume） Charcoal， Shudahuang （Rheum Officinale） Charcoal， Lianfang （Nymphaea Alba） Charcoal， Mianmaguanzhong （Clematis Armandii） Charcoal， and Oujie （Nelumbo Nucifera） Charcoal.

Objective    To analyze the effects of cardiovascular surgery on Williams syndrome (WS). Methods    The clinical data of 68 WS patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from January 2010 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 48 males and 20 females with a median age of 2.8 years ranging from 3 months to 33 years. Except one patient undergoing the coarctation repair, the rest 67 patients underwent surgical interventions to correct supravalvular aortic stenosis (SAVS) and pulmonary artery stenosis with hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, concommitant with 3 patients of relief of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, 2 patients of relief of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, 2 patients of mitral valvuloplasty, 3 patients of ventricular septal defect repair and 1 patient of arterial catheter ligation. Results    Two (2.9%) patients died of sudden cardiac arrest on the next day after surgery. One (1.5%) patient died of cardiac insufficiency due to severe aortic arch stenosis 3 years after surgery. The effect of SAVS was satisfactory. Two (2.9%) patients progressed to moderate aortic valvular regurgitation during postoperative follow-up. A total of 5 (7.4%) patients were re-intervened after operation for arch stenosis or pulmonary stenosis. Conclusion    WS patients should be diagnosed early, followed up and  assessed for cardiovascular system diseases, and timely surgical treatment has a good clinical effect.

Aim To investigate whether human umbili-cal cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)exposed to inflammatory conditions could release large amounts of exosomes to induce regulatory T cells(Treg).Meth-ods hUC-MSCs were isolated by enzyme digestion method.(In vitro)interferonγ(IFN-γ)was added in-to hUC-MSCs to mimic inflammatory microenviron-ments,then exosomes were extracted from the superna-tant of normal conditional medium or IFN-γpretreated hUC-MSCs.Both sources of exosomes,Nor-hUC-exo and IFN-γ-stimulated hUC-exo, were identified by Nanoparticle Trafficking Analysis (NTA )and Western blot for the exosome-enriched protein CD63 .Next,hu-man peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs ) stimulated with PHA were respectively co-cultured with hUC-MSCs,IFN-γ-pretreated-hUC-MSCs,hUC-MSCs exosomes or IFN-γ-stimulated-hUC-MSCs exosomes for 5 days to assess the exosomes-T cells communication. The proliferation rate of PBMCs and frequency of CD4 +/CD25 +/Foxp3 + Treg were measured by flow cytometry.Results The isolated cells from human um-bilical cord tissue,which were positive for CD73, CD44,CD29,CD90 and HLA-ABC,but were nega-tive for CD31 and CD34,were mesenchymal stem cells indeed.After IFN-γtreatment,hUC-MSCs secreted nu-merous exosomes(P<0.05 ).Morerover,there was a significantly higher level of CD63 ,but no difference in diameter between Nor-hUC-exo and IFN-γ-stimulated hUC-exo.IFN-γ-stimulated hUC-exo had a superior a-bility compared with Nor-hUC-exo to suppress the pro-liferation of PHA stimulated PBMCs due to their upreg-ulation of the percentage of Treg (1 1.53 ±0.88% vs 6.60 ±0.56%,P <0.01 ).Conclusion hUC-MSCs could promote the expression of Treg to modulate im-munosuppression through exosomes,especially for IFN-γ-licenced exosomes,which might carry much immu-notherapeutic potential.

Objective To investigate the differences of socio-demographics and smartphone use features among Chinese college students between problematic smartphone user (PSU) and non-PSU, and to clarify the link between PSU and psychopathological symptoms (anxiety and depression). Methods A total of 1205 undergraduates from 35 classes of 8 universities or colleges, stratified with different school levels, were selected using the cluster random sampling strategy. The Problematic Cellular Phone Use Questionnaire (PCPUQ) was used to identify problematic use of smartphone use, and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to measure anxiety and depression symptoms. Results The prevalence of PSU among undergraduates was estimated to be 20.6% (207/1006). There were significant differences between PSU and non-PSU on their major of either science category or humanities category (χ2=11.424, P<0.01), grade (χ2=5.868, P<0.05), monthly living expense supported by their family (χ2=12.713, P<0.01), daily time spent on their smartphones (χ2=20.052, P<0.01), frequency of changing the mobile phones (χ2=14.511, P<0.01) and monthly smartphone bill (χ2=13.107, P<0.01). Furthermore, the self rated anxiety (34.8% (72/207) vs. 14.6% (117/799),χ2=43.704, P<0.01) and depression (36.2%(75/207) vs. 15.4%(123/799),χ2=45.159,P<0.01) were both found more elevated in PSU than non-PSU. Conclusion Some common sociodemographic variables and smartphone usage patterns were identified in undergraduates displaying PSU. Moreover, PSU is associated with more elevated anxiety and depression symptoms.

Objective To investigate the differences of socio-demographics and smartphone use features among Chinese college students between problematic smartphone user (PSU) and non-PSU, and to clarify the link between PSU and psychopathological symptoms (anxiety and depression). Methods A total of 1205 undergraduates from 35 classes of 8 universities or colleges, stratified with different school levels, were selected using the cluster random sampling strategy. The Problematic Cellular Phone Use Questionnaire (PCPUQ) was used to identify problematic use of smartphone use, and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to measure anxiety and depression symptoms. Results The prevalence of PSU among undergraduates was estimated to be 20.6% (207/1006). There were significant differences between PSU and non-PSU on their major of either science category or humanities category (χ2=11.424, P<0.01), grade (χ2=5.868, P<0.05), monthly living expense supported by their family (χ2=12.713, P<0.01), daily time spent on their smartphones (χ2=20.052, P<0.01), frequency of changing the mobile phones (χ2=14.511, P<0.01) and monthly smartphone bill (χ2=13.107, P<0.01). Furthermore, the self rated anxiety (34.8% (72/207) vs. 14.6% (117/799),χ2=43.704, P<0.01) and depression (36.2%(75/207) vs. 15.4%(123/799),χ2=45.159,P<0.01) were both found more elevated in PSU than non-PSU. Conclusion Some common sociodemographic variables and smartphone usage patterns were identified in undergraduates displaying PSU. Moreover, PSU is associated with more elevated anxiety and depression symptoms.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the role of encapsulated protein transfected into human bone marrow mesen-chymal stem cells ( hBMSCs) by polyethyleneimine ( PEI) , and to optimize the best mole ratio of PEI-proteins.METH-ODS:6 groups of DNase I-PEI complexes were constructed and the best mole ratio was explored by laser scattering analy-sis.The appearance of complexes was presented under transmission electron microscope.Meanwhile, 4 groups of construc-ted GFP-PEI complexes were utilized to transfect into the hBMSCs, which were isolated and expand in vitro.The fluores-cence intensity of transfected cells was observed under confocal microscope.In addition, the cytotoxicity of the complexes on the cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay.The activity of the intracellular proteins was testified by aβ-galactosi-dase staining experiment.RESULTS:When the mole ratio of PEI and protein was adjusted to 4∶1, the complex transfec-tion efficiency was the best, and β-galactosidase color test turned blue.CONCLUSION:PEI has the character of encap-sulating various proteins to nano-complexes.The proteins transfected into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are con-firmed to have functional activity.As a protein carrier, PEI is of high efficiency and low toxicity, thus providing a new way for stem cell reprogramming.

Aim To explore the anti-apoptotic function of cardiac progenitor cells(CPCs)-derived exosome in vitro.Method CPCs were isolated from mouse heart using Magnetic Cell Sorting(MACS)system.Flow Cy-tometry(FC)determine the purity of stem cell surface antigen-1 positive(Sca-1 +)CPCs.Exosome was puri-fied from conditional medium,and confirmed by West-ern blot using CD63 as a marker,Nanoparticle Traffic-king Analysis(NTA)was used to detect the diameters and concentration of exosome.Then the cells were di-vided into control groups and CPC-exosome pre-protec-tion groups.H2 O2 was added into H9c2 cells to induce oxidative stress.Western blot was adopted to determine the expression of cleaved caspase-3.Results ① Im-munofluorescence showed that CPCs isolated by MACS were positively expressing Sca-1 protein;FC analysis showed that typical purity of Sca-1 +CPCs from the first
preparations was more than 95%.② WB demonstrated that CD63 of exosome isolated from CCMwas positively expressed,and NTA results showed that the diameters of exosome were (82.33 ±3.06)nm(n =3).Micro-scope detected PKH-26 labeled exosome appeared in the cytoplasma of H9c2 cells.③ Western blot showed the CPC-exosome pre-protection groups significantly down-regulated the levels of cleaved caspase-3 com-pared to the control groups(P <0.05).Conclusion CPC can secrete exosome which carries many important cargos,which can effectively gather in H9c2 cells. CPC-exosome can protect H9c2 cells from the oxidative stress induced by H2 O2 .Our results highlight a new perspective strategy for cardiac disease.

Objective To explore the application of optical coherence tomography in vascular tissue engineering culture by dynamic monitoring its changes.Methods Human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells were isolated and culture by tissue block method.After passage culture and cell surface markers evaluation, smooth muscle cells were seeded onto polyglycolic acid scaffold and placed into the bioreactor based on Luo-Ye pump with pulsatile stress for three-dimensional culture.At 1、4、 7 、10、14、17、21 days in culture, the image data was obtained by optical coherence tomography technology.The ability of imaging TEBV via OCT was analyzed combined with histopathological observation.Results As the incubation time extended,OCT clearly showed PGA gradual degradation, decreased composite scaffold thickness and the wall structure from loose to tight.At 21 days in culture, the vessel mimics had smooth surface with extracellular matrix evenly distributed and achieved complete reconstruction in the PGA scaffold.Combining with histopathological staining, the blood vessel mimics were similar to natural blood vessels.OCT measured TEBV thickness compared with histopathological measurement had good correlation (r =0.922,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Optical coherence tomography could clearly image microstructures of tissue engineered blood vessels cultured in three-dimensional culture system based on Luo-Ye pump, delineate the reconstruction of TEBV-like tissue in the bioreactor and provide as a dynamic and convenient monitoring tool in vascular tissue engineering.

Objective To observe the pathophysiological change of right heart remodeling model of beagle dogs caused by tricuspid regurgitation. Methods Six beagle dogs were separated to TR group and sham operation group randomly and equally. The anterior and posterior leaflets of tricuspid valve of beagle dogs from TR group were cut off under direct vision on the beating heart. The echocardiography data were measured pre-operation and post-operation 3, 6, 12 months respectively and autopsy results were acquired after the sacrifice of two animals who had been raised for 18 months. Results The operation was successful and survival 100%. The weight of TR group increased, and the echocardiography showed right atrium and ventricle enlargement and right heart dysfunction. The autopsy of TR group found myocardial fibrosis , liver cirrhosis and ascites. All of the results indicated the occurrence of right heart remodeling and right heart failure. There is no significant difference in sham operation group before or after operation. Conclusion The myocardial fibrosis is one of the pathological basis of right heart remodeling.

BACKGROUND:Porous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/calcium metaphosphate composite membranes prepared previously is too thick and uneven in holes.
OBJECTIVE:To prepare the thin even porous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/calcium metaphosphate composite membrane, and to evaluate the cytocompatibility and differentiation capacity.
METHODS:Porous and nonporous, thin and even poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/calcium metaphosphate composite membranes were prepared by phase separation method. Its thickness and weight loss rate were determined. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s were cocultured with porous and nonporous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/calcium metaphosphate composite membranes for 7 days. Ultrastructure of composite membranes was observed under the scanning electron microscopy. Surface markers of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s on the composite membranes were analyzed using flow cytometry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The thickness of the porous and nonporous composite membranes was (0.041 ± 0.005) mm and (0.058±0.004) mm. Weight loss rates of porous and nonporous composite membranes were respectively 19.93%and 7.64%at 24 hours. Calcium metaphosphate particles were evenly distributed in porous and nonporous composite membrane. Cel s spread entirely, showing spindle shape. Calcium metaphosphate particles were evenly distributed in porous composite membrane. Pore in porous composite membranes was also uniformly distributed, and pore size was about 2-8μm. Cel s spread entirely, showing polygonal shape with multiple tentacles. The tentacles of some cel s entered into the scaffold. CD105, CD90, CD44, CD29 and CD73 expression was detected in porous and nonporous composite membranes. There was no significant difference in cel-positive rate. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/calcium metaphosphate composite membranes prepared in this study has good biocompatibility and could not promote cel differentiation.