Objective To investigate the analgesic effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine(Dex)in regulating the brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)/protein kinase B(AKT)/cyclica-denosine monophosphate response element binding protein(CREB)signaling pathway in elderly rats with spinal fractures.Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into control group(skin incision only),model group(spinal fracture without any drug treatment),positive drug group(spinal fracture+0.2 μg/kg sufentanil),low-dose Dex group(spinal fracture+0.4 μg/kg Dex),medium-dose Dex group(spinal fracture+0.6 μg/kg Dex)and high-dose Dex group(spinal fracture+0.8 μg/kg Dex),with ten rats in each group.Mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold were used to assess pain and sedation effects in elderly rats with spinal fractures.Modified neurological severity score(mNSS)was employed to evaluate the degree of neurological dysfunction.Enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to detect serotonin(5-HT),substance P(SP),calci-tonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)neurotransmitter levels,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β)inflammatory factor levels.Colorimetric assays were used to measure malon-dialdehyde(MDA)oxidative stress expression levels;kits were applied to determine superoxide dis-mutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)oxidative stress indicator levels.Western blotting(WB)analy-sis was conducted to examine BDNF,phosphorylated(p)-AKT and p-CREB protein expression lev-els in the spinal dorsal horn tissues of elderly rats with spinal fractures.Results Compared with the control group,the model group showed significantly increased mNSS scores,5-HT,SP,CGRP,TNF-α,IL-1 β and MDA expression levels,and significantly decreased mechanical pain thresholds,thermal pain thresholds,SOD,CAT,as well as BDNF,p-AKT and p-CREB protein expression lev-els(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the positive drug group and the medium-and high-dose Dex groups exhibited significantly lower mNSS scores,5-HT,SP,CGRP,TNF-α,IL-1βand MDA expression levels,and significantly higher mechanical pain thresholds,thermal pain thresholds,SOD,CAT,as well as BDNF,p-AKT and p-CREB protein expression levels(P＜0.05).Compared with the positive drug group,the low-dose Dex group had significantly higher mNSS scores,5-HT,SP,CGRP,TNF-α,IL-1 β and MDA expression levels,and significantly low-er mechanical pain thresholds,thermal pain thresholds,as well as BDNF,p-AKT andp-CREB pro-tein expression levels(P＜0.05);the high-dose Dex group showed significantly lower mNSS scores,5-HT,SP,CGRP,TNF-α,IL-1 β and MDA expression levels,and significantly higher me-chanical pain thresholds,thermal pain thresholds,as well as BDNF,p-AKT and p-CREB protein expression levels(P＜0.05).Compared with the low-dose Dex group,the medium-and high-dose Dex groups demonstrated significantly lower mNSS scores,5-HT,SP,CGRP,TNF-α,IL-1 β and MDA expression levels,and significantly higher mechanical pain thresholds,thermal pain thresh-olds,SOD,CAT,as well as BDNF,p-AKT and p-CREB protein expression levels(P＜0.05),in-dicating dose-dependent effect.Conclusion Dex may alleviate pain and reduce its impact on neu-rological function caused by spinal fractures in elderly rats through activation of the BDNF/AKT/CREB signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the effect of decision-making aid intervention based on information shared decision-making tools in patients with lung cancer.Methods:From April 2019 to December 2020, convenience sampling was used to select 106 patients with lung cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University as the research object. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 53 cases in each group. The control group conducted routine decision-making aid intervention, and the observation group added information shared decision-making tool intervention on the basis of the control group. The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) and the Patients Satisfaction with Participation in Medical Decision-making Scale were used to evaluate and compare the decision-making difficulty and participation satisfaction of the two groups of patients.Results:The DCS scores of observation group and control group after intervention were lower than those before intervention, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . The DCS score of the observation group after intervention was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01) . The scores of all dimensions and total scores of the Patients Satisfaction with Participation in Medical Decision-making Scale of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Decision-making aid intervention can alleviate the patient's decision-making difficulty. Compared with conventional decision-making aids, cooperating with information shared decision-making tools has advantages in alleviating the difficulty of decision-making for patients with lung cancer and improving the satisfaction of decision-making participation.

Objective TostudythedistributioncharacteristicsofModicchanges(MCs)onlumbarvertebraeinthepatientswith lowbackpain.Methods LumbarvertebraeMRIresultsfrom276patients(male:104,female:172)wereanalyzedretrospetively.The MConlumbarvertebraewereclassifiedwithT1WI,T2WIandT2WI-FS,meanwhiletheincidence,predilectionsitesanddistribution characteristicsbyageandsexwerestatisticallyanalyzed.Results 139cases(50.4%)couldbeseenwith MC,including42malesand 97females;while137caseswerenormal(49.6%).Classifiedbygender,numbersofpatientswith MCinagegroup20－39 were7 (male)and11(female);inagegroup40－59,were15(male)and44(female);andinagegroup60－78,were20(male)and42(female). Amongatotalof2760vertebralendplates,2450 (88.8%)wereclassifiedasModicType0,65 (2.4%)asTypeⅠ,153 (5.5%)as TypeⅡ,3 (0.1%)asTypeⅢ,and89 (3.2%)as MixedType.ThenumbersofMCoccurringonendplatesofL5/S1,L4/5,L1/2 were108,103and15respectively.Conclusion MCTypeⅡoflumbarvertebraeisthemostprevalent,followedbythe MixedType and MCTypeⅠ.MCTypeⅢistheleast.Inallthreeagegroups,theincidencerateishigherinfemalepatientsthanthatinmales. Regardlessofthegender,theincidenceofMCislinearlypositivecorrelatedwithage.MCoccursmostlyonendplatesofL5/S1and L4/5,andrarelyonendplateofL1/2.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of the treatment on chronic kidney disease 3 with dampness-heat type. Methods A retrospective cohort study recruited 103 patients with qi deficiency and dampness-heat type of CKD3. Among them,51 cases in the control group were treated with western medicine therapy. The 52 cases in the treatment group received Qingbudigui Decoction. SCr ,eGFR and 24hU-Prowere were observed after 12 months and 24 months for evaluating the clinical effects of Qingbudigui Decoction. Results After 12 and 24 months treatment,the treatment group had a significantly lower SCr and U-Pro(P < 0.01),but a higher eGFR (P<0.01,P<0.05). After 12 months and 24 months,there was no significant change in SCr,U-Pro or eGFR in the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions Combination therapy of the Qingbudigui Decoction of the patients with qi deficiency and dampness-heat type of CKD3 could delay the kidney disease,which is superior to simple western medicine group. The mechanism may be related to the reduction of urinary protein excretion.

Objective To explore the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in different brain regions of aging rats. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomized equally into negative control group, D-galactose group, EPO treatment group, and positive control group. Rat models of subacute aging were established by continuous subcutaneous injection of 5%D-galactose. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the variation of BDNF expressions in different brain regions of the aging rats with different treatments. Results Significant brain region-specific differences in BDNF expression were found among the rats in different groups. Compared with those in the negative control group, the numbers of BDNF-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region, CA3 region, dentate gyrus (DG) and frontal cortex were all decreased obviously in D-galactose group (P<0.05) but increased in both EPO group and the positive control group (P<0.05) without significant differences between the latter two groups. In the rats in the same group, the number of BDNF-positive cells varied markedly in different brain regions (P<0.05), and the expression level of BDNF was the highest in the frontal cortex followed by the hippocampal CA3 region and the dentate gyrus, and was the lowest in the hippocampal CA1 region. Conclusion Treatment with rhEPO enhances the expression of BDNF in rat neural cells, suggesting that rhEPO may protect the nervous system from aging by regulating the BDNF pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in different brain regions of aging rats. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomized equally into negative control group, D-galactose group, EPO treatment group, and positive control group. Rat models of subacute aging were established by continuous subcutaneous injection of 5%D-galactose. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the variation of BDNF expressions in different brain regions of the aging rats with different treatments. Results Significant brain region-specific differences in BDNF expression were found among the rats in different groups. Compared with those in the negative control group, the numbers of BDNF-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 region, CA3 region, dentate gyrus (DG) and frontal cortex were all decreased obviously in D-galactose group (P<0.05) but increased in both EPO group and the positive control group (P<0.05) without significant differences between the latter two groups. In the rats in the same group, the number of BDNF-positive cells varied markedly in different brain regions (P<0.05), and the expression level of BDNF was the highest in the frontal cortex followed by the hippocampal CA3 region and the dentate gyrus, and was the lowest in the hippocampal CA1 region. Conclusion Treatment with rhEPO enhances the expression of BDNF in rat neural cells, suggesting that rhEPO may protect the nervous system from aging by regulating the BDNF pathway.

OBJECTIVEThis study was aimed to understand the clinical characteristics and prognosis in Uighur patients with Non-B Non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and virus-related HCC.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 301 Uighur HCC patients, among them, there were 145 NBC-HCC cases and 156 virus-related HCC cases. The overall survival rates of the patients were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method, and the factors that may influence the prognosis and survival of NBC-HCC patients were analyzed using univariate (Log rank test) and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.

RESULTSThe differences of the gender, living region, history of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), history of cirrhosis, TNM stage, Child-Pugh scores, total bilirubin, and AFP level between the NBC-HCC group and viral-HCC group were statistically significant (P < 0.05 for all). The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 35.6%, 20.3%, 12.6%, and 4.5%, respectively, for all the 301 patients, and no significant difference between these two groups in terms of OS (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis by Cox model showed that age, TNM staging, PVTT, Child-Pugh scores, TACE combined with radiotherapy or RFA were significant independent prognostic factors (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe clinical characteristics in Uighur patients with non-B non-C HCC and hepatitis virus-related HCC are not all the same and HCC in Xinjiang region has certain regional characteristics and features. Age, TNM stages, portal vein tumor thrombus, Child-Pugh scores, and TACE combined with radiotherapy or RFA are significant independent prognostic factors.

Age Factors ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; ethnology ; mortality ; therapy ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis C ; virology ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Liver Neoplasms ; ethnology ; mortality ; therapy ; virology ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Portal Vein ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Survival Rate ; Thrombosis ; Treatment Outcome

Objective This study was aimed to understand the clinical characteristics and prognosis in Uighur patients with Non?B Non?C hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) and virus?related HCC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 301 Uighur HCC patients, among them, there were 145 NBC?HCC cases and 156 virus?related HCC cases. The overall survival rates of the patients were analyzed by Kaplan?Meier method, and the factors that may influence the prognosis and survival of NBC?HCC patients were analyzed using univariate ( Log rank test ) and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Results The differences of the gender, living region, history of diabetes, body mass index ( BMI) , history of cirrhosis, TNM stage, Child?Pugh scores, total bilirubin, and AFP level between the NBC?HCC group and viral?HCC group were statistically significant (P<0.05 for all). The 1?,2?, 3? and 5?year survival rates were 35.6%, 20.3%, 12. 6%, and 4. 5%, respectively, for all the 301 patients, and no significant difference between these two groups in terms of OS ( P>0. 05 ) . Multivariate analysis by Cox model showed that age, TNM staging, PVTT, Child?Pugh scores, TACE combined with radiotherapy or RFA were significant independent prognostic factors (all P<0.05). Conclusions The clinical characteristics in Uighur patients with non?B non?C HCC and hepatitis virus?related HCC are not all the same and HCC in Xinjiang region has certain regional characteristics and features. Age, TNM stages, portal vein tumor thrombus, Child?Pugh scores, and TACE combined with radiotherapy or RFA are significant independent prognostic factors.

Objective This study was aimed to understand the clinical characteristics and prognosis in Uighur patients with Non?B Non?C hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) and virus?related HCC. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 301 Uighur HCC patients, among them, there were 145 NBC?HCC cases and 156 virus?related HCC cases. The overall survival rates of the patients were analyzed by Kaplan?Meier method, and the factors that may influence the prognosis and survival of NBC?HCC patients were analyzed using univariate ( Log rank test ) and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Results The differences of the gender, living region, history of diabetes, body mass index ( BMI) , history of cirrhosis, TNM stage, Child?Pugh scores, total bilirubin, and AFP level between the NBC?HCC group and viral?HCC group were statistically significant (P<0.05 for all). The 1?,2?, 3? and 5?year survival rates were 35.6%, 20.3%, 12. 6%, and 4. 5%, respectively, for all the 301 patients, and no significant difference between these two groups in terms of OS ( P>0. 05 ) . Multivariate analysis by Cox model showed that age, TNM staging, PVTT, Child?Pugh scores, TACE combined with radiotherapy or RFA were significant independent prognostic factors (all P<0.05). Conclusions The clinical characteristics in Uighur patients with non?B non?C HCC and hepatitis virus?related HCC are not all the same and HCC in Xinjiang region has certain regional characteristics and features. Age, TNM stages, portal vein tumor thrombus, Child?Pugh scores, and TACE combined with radiotherapy or RFA are significant independent prognostic factors.

Objective To develop a novel skin microdialysis technology in vivo,and to determine the pharmacokinetic of ba-icalin after transdermal administration in rats. Methods An HPLC-MS/MS method used for the determination of baicalin in skin mi-crodialysis samples was established ,SD rats were pretreated with skin microdialysis operation under anesthesia , and then the baicalin gel was applied to the skin surface of probe in vivo.The baicalin concentration of skin microdialysates was determined , the time curve of baicalin concentration was drawn and the topical pharmacokinetics parameters of percutaneous absorption was calculated. Results Baicalin was optimized at the transitions m/z 447.3→271.2.The linearity correlation was good and the assay exhibited good precision and accuracy.The subcutaneous probe recovery of baicalin in vivo was(24.40 ±0.91)%and was stable over the 240 min study peri-od.Baicalin could be detected in the microdialysis samples after transdermal administration , and its concentration continued to rise in 8 h.AUC0-t in skin tissue was(50.04 ±34.17) mg· min· L-1. Conclusion The method of skin microdialysis in vivo could be used in the local pharmacokinetic research of baicalin.