OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis complicated with human im-munodeficiency virus(HIV)infection and their relationships with T helper lymphocyte(Th)1/Th2 related fac-tors.METHODS From May 2022 to Feb.2024,118 patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection admit-ted to Guiyang Public Health Rescue Center were selected as the study group.The patients were divided into group A(＞1.0E3 cp/ml＜1.0E4 cp/ml)with 31 cases,group B(≥1.0E4 cp/ml＜1.0E5 cp/ml)with 36 cases,group C(≥1.0E5 cp/ml)with 51 cases according to viral load.Another 120 patients with simple pulmonary tu-berculosis were selected as control group.The characteristics of epidemic cases,imaging CT features and levels of Th1/Th2 related cytokines[including interleukin-2(IL-2),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon γ(IFN-γ),IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10]were compared between the study group and the control group,and the relationship be-tween viral load and atypical CT manifestations of tuberculosis were analyzed.RESULTS There were significant differences in educational level,occupational status,intravenous drug use history and baseline CD4 values between the two groups(P＜0.05).The study group showed higher rates of CT manifestations such as multiple pulmona-ry fields and segments exudation,extrapulmonary tuberculosis,multiple cavities,intrathoracic lymph node en-largement,multiple nodules,and diffuse miliary shadow than the control group,conversely,the frequencies of single cavity,calcification and speckle shadow in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the levels of IL-2,TNF-α and IFN-γ in the study group were low,while the levels of IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 were high(P＜0.05).With the increase of viral load,the rates of atypical CT tuberculosis were also increased(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The CT imaging findings in patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection are atypical and Th1/Th2 related cytokines are abnormal,and the chest CT manifes-tations are associated with high viral load.

OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis complicated with human im-munodeficiency virus(HIV)infection and their relationships with T helper lymphocyte(Th)1/Th2 related fac-tors.METHODS From May 2022 to Feb.2024,118 patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection admit-ted to Guiyang Public Health Rescue Center were selected as the study group.The patients were divided into group A(＞1.0E3 cp/ml＜1.0E4 cp/ml)with 31 cases,group B(≥1.0E4 cp/ml＜1.0E5 cp/ml)with 36 cases,group C(≥1.0E5 cp/ml)with 51 cases according to viral load.Another 120 patients with simple pulmonary tu-berculosis were selected as control group.The characteristics of epidemic cases,imaging CT features and levels of Th1/Th2 related cytokines[including interleukin-2(IL-2),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon γ(IFN-γ),IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10]were compared between the study group and the control group,and the relationship be-tween viral load and atypical CT manifestations of tuberculosis were analyzed.RESULTS There were significant differences in educational level,occupational status,intravenous drug use history and baseline CD4 values between the two groups(P＜0.05).The study group showed higher rates of CT manifestations such as multiple pulmona-ry fields and segments exudation,extrapulmonary tuberculosis,multiple cavities,intrathoracic lymph node en-largement,multiple nodules,and diffuse miliary shadow than the control group,conversely,the frequencies of single cavity,calcification and speckle shadow in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the levels of IL-2,TNF-α and IFN-γ in the study group were low,while the levels of IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 were high(P＜0.05).With the increase of viral load,the rates of atypical CT tuberculosis were also increased(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The CT imaging findings in patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection are atypical and Th1/Th2 related cytokines are abnormal,and the chest CT manifes-tations are associated with high viral load.

The micro-elimination strategy is an effective approach to rapidly reduce the incidence and mortality of specific populations infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). This article combines the current status of hepatitis C prevention and treatment in Guizhou Province, and introduces the current domestic and foreign hepatitis C micro-elimination models. It is worth mentioning that the Guizhou Provincial Medical Quality Control Center for Infectious Diseases jointly formulated the "Guizhou Province Chronic Hepatitis C Health Education Standards" to improve the awareness of health care workers and patients about the disease, increase the screening rate, and increase the patients willingness to receive treatment and accomplish the World Health Organization’s goal of eliminating hepatitis C threat by 2030.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of recombinant human Interferon α2b (rhIFN α2b) spray in hand,foot and mouth disease (HMFD).Methods In total,313 HMFD children were enrolled from Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University,Tianjing Second People's Hospital,Hebei Children's Hospital,the Second Hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College,Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Guiyang Public Health Treatment Center from March,2015 to February,2017.They were divided into rhIFN α2b group (148 cases) and ribavirin group (165 cases).The children in rhIFN α2b group were given with the rhIFN α2b spray,and those in ribavirin group were given with the ribavirin spray.Meanwhile,the children were given unified standard interventions for basic treatment.The curative effect and safety between two groups was compared.The t test was used for intergroup comparison and the Wilcoxon rank test was used for non-normal quantitative data.Results At the end of the follow-up period,all kids reached the recovery level,with 144 cases in the rhIFN α2b group and 164 cases in the ribavirin group.Fever,herpes and rashes all disappeared with 7-day follow-up.The total efficiency of the rhIFN α2b group measured at the 72h after treatment was 74.15％,which showed significant differences compared with the ribavirin group with 49.09 ％ efficiency (Z=4.44,P＜0.01).As the secondary outcome measures,the complete disappearance time of fever and the immediate disappearance time of fever in the rhIFN α2b group were significantly shorter than those in the ribavirin group ([27.03±21.99] vs [33.21±26.71],t=-2.13;[23.56±13.96] vs [28.51±18.84],t=-2.07,both P＜0.05).The appetite improvement and the disappearance times of oral herpes and rashes in the rhIFN α2b group were shorter than those in the ribavirin group,with significant differences (x2 =4.94,3.17 and 3.55,respectively,all P=0.000).No adverse event in both groups.Conclusions rhIFN α2b spray treatment in HMFD is proved significantly effective,particularly,it can evidently relieve fever symptoms and promote the disappearance of oral herpes symptoms,and no adverse event is observed throughout the study,which indicates a good safety of the rhIFN α2b spray.Clinical trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR-OIN-17013182.

Objective To understand the enterovirus(EV) pathogenic composition of Coxsackie virus(CV)A6 and A10 causing hand foot and mouth disesse(HFMD) in Guiyang area during 2015 to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of HFMD in local area.Methods The specific primers were respectively designed according to CVA6 and CVA10 sequence published in GenBank.The fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method system was established.The gene sequencing method was used for conducting verification.Then this method was used to detect the clinical samples from 607 cases of HFMD.Results A total of 607 samples of suspected HFMD were detected,the overall positive rate was 59.47 ％ (361/607),in which EV71 accounted for 7.25 ％ (44/607),CVA16 for 11.37％(69/607),EV71+CVA16 double positive accounted for 0.16％ (1/607) and other EV for 40.69％ (247/607).The positive samples of CVA6,CVA10 and CVA6+CVA10 detected by the established real time fluorescence RT-PCR were 11 cases,71 cases and 1 case.Conclusion CVA6 and CVA10 are the main pathogens causing new onset HFMD in Guiyang area and the CVA10 monitoring should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of polydatin on protein expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in renal tissue of renal fibrosis model rats,and to investigate the mechanism of delaying renal fibrosis in rats. METHODS:A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(normal saline),model group(normal saline),polydatin group(100 mg/kg)and benazepril group(positive control,5 mg/kg). Except for sham operation group,renal fibrosis rat model was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in other groups. 1 h after surgery,each group was given relevant medicine intragastrically,once a day.After 4 weeks of consecutive treatment,the contents of β 2-microglobulin(β 2-MG)and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)in urine, serum contents of BUN and Cr were detected in each group. HE staining was used to observe and score pathological changes of renal tissue in rats. Protein expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in renal tissue of rats were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:Compared with sham operation group,the contents of β2-MG and NAG in urine,serum contents of BUN and Cr were increased significantly in model group(P<0.05),and pathological score and protein expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were also increased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with model group,protein expression of MMP-9 in renal tissue were increased continuously in polydatin group and benazepril group(P<0.01);other indexes were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and there was no statistical significance in each index between polydatin group and benazepril group(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Polydatin can delay renal fibrosis,the mechanism of which may be associated with up-regulating protein expression of MMP-9,down-regulating protein expression of TIMP-1 and increasing the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1.

Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) have been widely used in clinical practice as first-line antiviral drugs.In recent years, many clinical studies have found that some patients cannot reach a satisfactory therapeutic outcome.This article introduces the antiviral indications and follow-up of chronic hepatitis B and summarizes the influence of baseline characteristics, HBV genotype, HBV mutation and drug resistance, patients'' medication compliance, presence or absence of other diseases or viral infection, and serum vitamin D level on the antiviral effect of NAs.It is pointed out that appropriate timing for antiviral therapy, patient education before treatment, regular follow-up during treatment, and timely identification of comorbidities and drug resistance help to improve the antiviral effect of NAs and delay the progression of liver diseases.

Objective: To investigate the effect of cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2) agonist AM1241 on the mRNA and protein expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and collagen-III (Col-III) in the liver tissue of mice with experimental liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Methods: Totally 38 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, 3 mg/kg CB2 receptor agonist (AM1241) group, and 9 mg/kg AM1241 group. All mice, except for the control group, were treated with 30% CCl₄ (three times a week, 5 ml/kg body weight, 16 weeks) to establish a liver fibrosis model. Meanwhile, 3 and 9 mg/kg AM1421 was intraperitoneally injected for daily intervention, respectively. The dosage was adjusted according to actual body weight. The same solvent was given in the control group. The serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was measured by serum enzyme digestion. The liver inflammation and fibrosis were observed by HE staining of tissue slices. The mRNA and protein expression of PDGF and Col-III in hepatic tissue was determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the control group, the mice in model group showed severe liver fibrosis, significantly elevated serum AST level (742 ± 300.8 U/L vs 118.1 ± 31.1 U/L, P < 0.05), and significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of PDGF and Col-III in liver tissue (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the mice in 3 mg/kg AM1241 group and 9 mg/kg AM1241 group had less severe liver fibrosis, and significantly reduced serum AST levels (116.6 ± 13.68 U/L vs 742 ± 300.8 U/L, P < 0.05; 113.8 ± 16.01 U/L vs 742 ± 300.8 U/L, P < 0.05) and mRNA and protein expression of PDGF and Col-III in liver tissue (P < 0.05). Conclusion CB2 receptor agonist AM1241 can inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of PDGF in the liver tissue of mice with hepatic fibrosis, and reduce extracellular matrix synthesis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of neoadjunctive chemotherapy(NAC)of docetaxel and epirubicin com-bined with cyclophosphamide on clinical efficacy and tumor markers of breast cancer patients with different molecular types. METH-ODS:A total of 88 female patients with locally advanced breast cancer collected from our hospital during Jan. 2014-Jan. 2016 were divided into Luminal A type(23 cases),Luminal B type(21 cases),basal-like type(11 cases),HER2-over expressing type(18 cases)and normal breast-like type(15 cases)according to molecular type. All patients were given Docetaxel injection+Epirubicin hydrochloride injection+Cyclophosphamide for injection for consecutive 6 cycles(21 d as a cycle). Total response rates and patho-logical complete remission(pCR)rates were compared among breast cancer patients with different molecular types. The expression of serum tumor markers [CEA,CA125,CA153] were compared before and after treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was record-ed. RESULTS:Total response rate of 88 patients was 63.64%,among which that of basal-like breast cancer patients was 72.73%, significantly higher than other molecular types,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in total response rates of pairwise molecular type comparison(P>0.05). The pCR rate of 88 patients was 27.27%,and that of basal-like breast cancer patients was the highest(45.45%). There was statistical significance in pCR rates of pairwise molecular type compari-son(P<0.05),except there was no significant difference in pCR rate between HER2-over expressing type and normal breast-like type(P>0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in the expression of CEA,CA125 and CA153 in breast can-cer patients with different molecular types(P>0.05). After treatment,the expression of CEA,CA125 and CA153 in different mo-lecular types were decreased significantly,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the expres-sion of above markers among different molecular types(P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR among different molecular types(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:NAC plan of docetaxel and epirubicin combined with cyclophospha-mide can reduce the expression of tumor markers and shows certain therapeutic efficacy for breast cancer patients with different mo-lecular types. Total response rate and pCR rate of basal-like type are better than those of other molecular types,so NAC plan is the preferred treatment for basal-like type breast cancer.

Objective To understand the pathogen distribution situation among the children inpatients with hand ,foot and mouth diseases(HFMD) in Guiyang area during 2012 to provide the basis for the diagnosis ,treatment and prevention .Methods The data in 3 179 cases of HFMD were collected .The fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR was adopted to perform the genotyping on universal enterovirus ,enterovirus 71(EV71)and Coxsackie virus A16(CA16) .Results A total 3 179 samples of HFMD were col‐lected ,among them ,151 cases (4 .75% ) were CA16 positive ,331 cases (10 .41% ) were EV71 positive ,7 cases (0 .22% ) were CA16 and EV71 co‐infection ,and 897 cases(28 .22% )were the other enterovirus .The whole year had 2 peaks of onset ,which were April to July and October to November .The onset age focused on the children aged under 5 years old (96 .16% ) ,among them ,0-3 years old had the highest onset ,moreover male children were more than female .Conclusion The etiology distribution of children HFMD in Guiyang area during 201 was dominated by the other genotypes of enterovirus and EV71 .