Purpose To explore the value of quantitative parameters(T2* value,R2* value)of three-dimensional multi-echo ultrashort echo time technique for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules and masses(PNMs).Materials and Methods The MRI data of 68 patients with PNMs in Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital from July 2021 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,and PNMs were grouped into benign(34 cases)and malignant(34 cases)categories using histopathology or clinical follow-up as the reference standard.Two observers respectively outlined the regions of interest on three-dimensional multi-echo ultrashort echo time-T2* and R2* maps,and quantitatively measured the T2* and R2* values.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)was used to evaluate the consistency of the measured values.Differences in the above indicators between the two groups of PNMs were analyzed,and their diagnostic efficacy was assessed.The predictive probability of the combined two indicators was computed,the receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated.Results The measurement results of each parameter of PNMs in the benign and malignant groups by the two observers were consistent(ICC>0.75).The T2* value of the malignant group was higher than that of the benign group(Z=-5.158,P<0.001),and the R2* value was lower than that of the benign group(Z=-4.845,P<0.001),and the differences were statistically significant.The AUC of the T2* value was 0.864(95%CI 0.775-0.953,P<0.001),with a maximum Youden index of 0.677,a threshold of 9.675 ms,a sensitivity of 76.5%,and a specificity of 91.2%.The AUC of the R2* value was 0.842(95%CI 0.746-0.937,P<0.001),with a maximum Youden index of 0.647,and a threshold of 109.15/s,with a sensitivity of 73.5%and a specificity of 91.2%.The AUC of the combined diagnosis of T2* and R2* values was 0.867(95%CI 0.779-0.955,P<0.001),with a maximum Youden index of 0.677,a sensitivity of 82.4%,and a specificity of 85.3%.There was no statistically significant difference in the pairwise comparison of T2* values,R2* values,and their combined AUC(all P>0.05).Conclusion The T2* value and R2* value of the three-dimensional multi-echo ultrashort echo time technique,as well as the combination of the two indicators,are all helpful in differentiating benign and malignant PNMs,providing imaging support for the preoperative non-invasive and precise differentiation of PNMs and optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Purpose To quantitatively compare the diffusion parameters of mono-and biexponential diffusion-weighted imaging models,and to obtain optimal sets of b-values in diffusion-weighted MRI for obtaining monoexponential apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)close to perfusion-insensitive intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)model ADC(ADCIVIM)in identifying of pulmonary solid benign and malignant lesions.Materials and Methods IVIM was performed in 40 patients with solid nodule and masse in Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital from July 2021 to August 2022 using a 3.0T MR imager.Two experienced diagnostic radiologists subjectively evaluated the IVIM images.A single index model was used to calculate ADC values(ADC0-1 000,ADC20-1 000,ADC50-1 000,ADC80-1 000,ADC150-1 000,ADC300-1 000,ADC500-1 000,ADC300,500,1 000,ADC300,800,1 000,ADC300,500,ADC300,800 and ADC300,1 000).The reference standard ADCIVIM value were calculated using a double-exponential model.The physician's measurements between two physicians were measured.The malignant and benign groups were compared and receiver operator characteristic curve for all parameters were analyzed.Results The measurement consistency of ADC values under b value sets and ADCIVIM was very good,and the intraclass correlation coefficient was more significant than 0.75.The differences between ADCIVIM and ADC values in each b group were statistically significant(t=-6.016--2.500,all P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of ADCIVIM was the largest(0.906),with an optimal threshold of 1.271×10-3 mm2/s,a sensitivity of 80.0%and a specificity of 93.0%.The diagnostic efficacy close to ADCIVIM were ADC300,800(AUC=0.891),ADC50-1 000(AUC=0.827)and ADC300,800,1 000(AUC=0.795),respectively.The optimal threshold of ADC300,800 was 1.140×10-3 mm2/s,the sensitivity and specificity were 80.0%and 93.7%,respectively.Conclusion Combining b-values 300 s/mm2 and 800 s/mm2 is recommended as routine scanning parameters for identifying the insensitive monoexponential ADC between benign and malignant solid pulmonary lesions.

Purpose To explore the value of quantitative parameters(T2* value,R2* value)of three-dimensional multi-echo ultrashort echo time technique for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules and masses(PNMs).Materials and Methods The MRI data of 68 patients with PNMs in Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital from July 2021 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,and PNMs were grouped into benign(34 cases)and malignant(34 cases)categories using histopathology or clinical follow-up as the reference standard.Two observers respectively outlined the regions of interest on three-dimensional multi-echo ultrashort echo time-T2* and R2* maps,and quantitatively measured the T2* and R2* values.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)was used to evaluate the consistency of the measured values.Differences in the above indicators between the two groups of PNMs were analyzed,and their diagnostic efficacy was assessed.The predictive probability of the combined two indicators was computed,the receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated.Results The measurement results of each parameter of PNMs in the benign and malignant groups by the two observers were consistent(ICC>0.75).The T2* value of the malignant group was higher than that of the benign group(Z=-5.158,P<0.001),and the R2* value was lower than that of the benign group(Z=-4.845,P<0.001),and the differences were statistically significant.The AUC of the T2* value was 0.864(95%CI 0.775-0.953,P<0.001),with a maximum Youden index of 0.677,a threshold of 9.675 ms,a sensitivity of 76.5%,and a specificity of 91.2%.The AUC of the R2* value was 0.842(95%CI 0.746-0.937,P<0.001),with a maximum Youden index of 0.647,and a threshold of 109.15/s,with a sensitivity of 73.5%and a specificity of 91.2%.The AUC of the combined diagnosis of T2* and R2* values was 0.867(95%CI 0.779-0.955,P<0.001),with a maximum Youden index of 0.677,a sensitivity of 82.4%,and a specificity of 85.3%.There was no statistically significant difference in the pairwise comparison of T2* values,R2* values,and their combined AUC(all P>0.05).Conclusion The T2* value and R2* value of the three-dimensional multi-echo ultrashort echo time technique,as well as the combination of the two indicators,are all helpful in differentiating benign and malignant PNMs,providing imaging support for the preoperative non-invasive and precise differentiation of PNMs and optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Purpose To quantitatively compare the diffusion parameters of mono-and biexponential diffusion-weighted imaging models,and to obtain optimal sets of b-values in diffusion-weighted MRI for obtaining monoexponential apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)close to perfusion-insensitive intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)model ADC(ADCIVIM)in identifying of pulmonary solid benign and malignant lesions.Materials and Methods IVIM was performed in 40 patients with solid nodule and masse in Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital from July 2021 to August 2022 using a 3.0T MR imager.Two experienced diagnostic radiologists subjectively evaluated the IVIM images.A single index model was used to calculate ADC values(ADC0-1 000,ADC20-1 000,ADC50-1 000,ADC80-1 000,ADC150-1 000,ADC300-1 000,ADC500-1 000,ADC300,500,1 000,ADC300,800,1 000,ADC300,500,ADC300,800 and ADC300,1 000).The reference standard ADCIVIM value were calculated using a double-exponential model.The physician's measurements between two physicians were measured.The malignant and benign groups were compared and receiver operator characteristic curve for all parameters were analyzed.Results The measurement consistency of ADC values under b value sets and ADCIVIM was very good,and the intraclass correlation coefficient was more significant than 0.75.The differences between ADCIVIM and ADC values in each b group were statistically significant(t=-6.016--2.500,all P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of ADCIVIM was the largest(0.906),with an optimal threshold of 1.271×10-3 mm2/s,a sensitivity of 80.0%and a specificity of 93.0%.The diagnostic efficacy close to ADCIVIM were ADC300,800(AUC=0.891),ADC50-1 000(AUC=0.827)and ADC300,800,1 000(AUC=0.795),respectively.The optimal threshold of ADC300,800 was 1.140×10-3 mm2/s,the sensitivity and specificity were 80.0%and 93.7%,respectively.Conclusion Combining b-values 300 s/mm2 and 800 s/mm2 is recommended as routine scanning parameters for identifying the insensitive monoexponential ADC between benign and malignant solid pulmonary lesions.

Pyran- and furanocoumarins are key representatives of tetrahydropyrans and tetrahydrofurans, respectively, exhibiting diverse physiological and medical bioactivities. However, the biosynthetic mechanisms for their core structures remain poorly understood. Here we combined multiomics analyses of biosynthetic enzymes in Peucedanum praeruptorum and in vitro functional verification and identified two types of key enzymes critical for pyran and furan ring biosynthesis in plants. These included three distinct P. praeruptorum prenyltransferases (PpPT1-3) responsible for the prenylation of the simple coumarin skeleton 7 into linear or angular precursors, and two novel CYP450 cyclases (PpDC and PpOC) crucial for the cyclization of the linear/angular precursors into either tetrahydropyran or tetrahydrofuran scaffolds. Biochemical analyses of cyclases indicated that acid/base-assisted epoxide ring opening contributed to the enzyme-catalyzed tetrahydropyran and tetrahydrofuran ring refactoring. The possible acid/base-assisted catalytic mechanisms of the identified cyclases were theoretically investigated and assessed using site-specific mutagenesis. We identified two possible acidic amino acids Glu303 in PpDC and Asp301 in PpOC as vital in the catalytic process. This study provides new enzymatic tools in the epoxide formation/epoxide-opening mediated cascade reaction and exemplifies how plants become chemically diverse in terms of enzyme function and catalytic process.

Purpose The study aims to investigate the effects of various ages,genders and body mass index(BMI)on amide proton transfer weighted(APTw)in the right kidney of normal Chinese.Materials and Methods A total of 182 healthy volunteers enrolled from September 2021 to February 2022 at Xi'an GaoXin Hospital were prospectively performed.There were 7 groups(11-80 years)according to age per 10 years;2 groups according to gender,male and female;4 groups according to BMI,slim group,normal group,overweight group and obese group.3D-APTw imaging of the right kidney was performed via intermittent breath-holding.The correlation between APT values and age and BMI was analyzed,and the differences in APT values between age groups,different BMI groups and gender were analyzed,respectively.Results A total of 131 cases were finally included.There was a weak positive correlation between APT and age(r=0.325,P<0.001).There were statistical difference in APT values among different age groups(F=3.566,P=0.003),the post-hoc analysis showed that the APT values of 11-20 years[(1.853±0.357)%]old group was significantly lower than those of 41-50 years[(2.387±0.432)%]old group and 51-60 years[(2.336±0.451)%]old group(P<0.05);the APT value of male[1.980(2.320,1.820)%]was significantly lower than that of female[2.284(2.586,1.825)%;Z=2.301,P=0.021].There was a very weak positive correlation between APT and BMI(r=0.181,P=0.039),with statistically different APT values among BMI groups(F=3.265,P=0.024).The results of intra-group analysis showed that APT values in emaciation group were significantly lower than those in normal group,overweight group and obesity group,respectively(all P<0.05).Conclusion The APT value of the right kidney may be correlated with age and BMI,with males lower than females.The effect of age,gender and BMI on APT on the clinical application of 3D-APTw may be considered.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of maggot oil on the healing of rat with acute skin trauma and infection and its mechanism,in order and to provide reference for further development of maggot oil. METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,maggot oil group and Jingwanhong treatment group (positive control),with 70 mice in each group. Except for normal group,acute skin trauma and infection model was induced in other groups by smearing Staphylococus aureus suspension at the wound. After modeling,normal group and model group were given normal saline,and maggot oil group and Jingwanhong treatment group were given relevant medicine 0.3 mL/100 g,at 9:00 and 17:00,for consecutive 15 d. Wound and wound healing time of rats were observed in each group. The content of hydroxyproline in wound was determined in 10 rats of each group after 1,2,4,6,8 d of administration. The content of water in wound was determined after 2,4,6,8 d after administration. 2 h after last administration,the content of lysozyme,the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α,IL-6),the expression of NF-κB p65(in cytoplasm and nucleus)and p-IκB-α(in cytoplasm)protein were determined in 10 rats of each group. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,wound edema of model group was obvious,and wound healing time was(14.3±2.1)d. After 4,6,8 d of medication,the content of hydroxyproline in wound of rats was decreased significantly in model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After 2,4,6,8 d of medication,the content of water in wound was increased significantly in model group(P<0.01). After 15 d of medication,the serum contents of lysozyme,TNF-α and IL-6 in rats were increased significantly in model group (P<0.01). The expression of NF-κB p65 (in cytoplasm) in wound was decreased significantly (P<0.01),while the expressions of NF-κB p65 (in nucleus) and p-IκB-α(in nucleus) protein were increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with model group,above indicators of administration groups were improved significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Maggot oil could protect tissue injury induced by acute skin wound infection,promote wound healing. The possible mechanism might play anti-inflammatory effect through promoting collagen production,increasing lysozyme content,regulating NF-κB signal pathway.

Objective To investigate the technical requirements for the 3.0T multi-modal quantitative MR imaging of the rabbit liver.Methods A total of 8 rabbits were scanned and T1 mapping,T2 mapping,MT and Gd EOB-DTPA dynamic enhancement images were acquired.For the dynamic enhanced scanning,injecting contrast medium was followed by saline flush with different combinations of injection flow rate (1.5 mL/s and 2 mL/s) and injection volume(6 mL and 8 mL).The quality of the images was assessed and analyzed statistically.Results The total scanning time was about 20-25 min.High-quality images were acquired by T1 mapping,T2 mapping and MT sequences.There was no significant difference in image quality among different groups in Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic enhanced scanning(P＞0.05).Two rabbits died when the combination of injection flow rate of 2 mL/s and injection volume of 8 mL was used.Conclusion 3.0 T multi-modal quantitative MR scanning of rabbit liver can be achieved successfully if scanning parameters are properly chosen.

Objective To dynamically the preparation process of Huangqi injection and to verify the rationality and existing problems of the process. Methods The preparation was made by the current standard (WS3-B-3335-98) issued by Ministry of Health, and the solid amount of the key processes were measured. The HPLC separation was performed on a Agilent Zorbax Bio-C18 reversed-phase column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm) in gradient mode of acetonitrile-water with UV detection at 254 nm. The column temperature was kept at 25 ℃, and the flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min. Results Solid amounts of different operations of Huangqi injection were measured accurately. The content of the third water extracts was only 6.1%, and the changes of HPLC pointed the content of the 12 peaks of the second peaks decreased obviously. Conclusion The technological rationality of Huangqi injection need to be verified and optimized, the dynamic analysis of HPLC describes the changes of chemical constituents of Huangqi injection qualitatively, which also provides a reference value for establishing its fingerprint.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of targeted imaging and therapy of prostate cancer using nanocomposite probes composed of fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles(FMCNPs) and single chain Fv(ScFv) antibody specific for gama-seminoprotein.Methods:The nanocomposite probes(FMCNPs-ScFv) were prepared by conjugating fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles with singlegama-chain Fv antibody specific gama-seminoprotein,and were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy,fluorescent spectrum and magnetic spectrum.Nanocomposite probes were incubated with prostate cancer LNCaP cells,and the targeting results of nanocomposite probes were observed by fluorescent microscopy.The cytotoxicity effect of the nanocomposite probes was measured by MTT.Nude mice models of prostate cancer were established and identified by immunohistochemistry method.The nanocomposite probes were injected into nude mice via tail vein.The distribution of nanocomposite probes in the nude mice was observed by Micro-animal imaging system,targeted imaging of the prostate cancer was observed by MR instrument.The nude mice with prostate cancer were irradiated with 100 W magnetic field for 30 min,and the changes of tumor sizes were observed.Results:The FMCNPs-ScFv nanocomposite probes were successfully prepared.Nanocomposite probes entered into the cytoplasm of cancer cells and exhibited low cytotoxicity effect.Nude mice model with prostate cancer were successfully fabricated;the nanocomposite probes distributed quickly in the main organs of mice,and gradually concentrated on the tumor tissues within 24 h.MR images showed that the tumor images were gradually enhanced from 6 h to 24 h after injection of the nanocomposite probe.Four days after magnetic irradiation,the tumors in the nude mice grew slower compared with the control nude mice(P