Objective: To analyze the relationship of gross motor skills and perceptual motor abilities with physical activity levels in preschool children in a Beijing kindergarten, so as to provide a reference for promoting the development of motor competence. Methods: From September 2018 to March 2021, preschoolers aged 4-5 years were selected using convenience sampling method from an urban kindergarten in Beijing. The Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Version(TGMD-3) was used to assess basic preschoolers s gross motor skills ( n =152). The Pictorial Scale of Perceived Movement Skill Competence(PMSC) was used to evaluate perceptual motor skills ( n =151). Accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X) were used to record physical activity levels ( n =52). Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The mean scores for gross motor skills and perceptual motor abilities were (38.76±13.48) and (35.49±6.50), respectively. The moderate to vigorous physical activity(MVPA) level was(52.60±27.44) minutes per day. No statistically significant correlations were found between gross motor skills, perceptual motor abilities MVPA among boys, girls or the overall group ( r =-0.20 to 0.25, all P >0.05). However, Boys locomotor skills, overall children s locomotor skills, and boys gross motor skills were all positively correlated with MVPA( r =0.34-0.45, all P <0.05). Conclusion There is a correlation between locomotor skills and physical activity levels in 4 to 5-year-old children.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the 21 confirmed monkeypox cases in a district of Chengdu City, and to provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of subsequent monkeypox epidemics. MethodsData of confirmed monkeypox cases residing in this district were collected from the Disease Control and Prevention Information System of China. A retrospective descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the demographic, distributional and behavioral characteristics of the cases. ResultsThe first confirmed case of monkeypox was reported on July 5, 2023. Up to April 30, 2025, a total of 21 confirmed cases of monkeypox have been reported. All cases were male, with a mean age of (30.9±6.2) years. The highest proportion of cases(47.62%) was in the 30‒40 years age group. The majority were men who have sex with men (MSM) population (90.48%, 19/21). The results showed that 19.05% of cases were co-infected with HIV, and 19.05% had a history of syphilis infection. Within 21 days prior to symptom onset, 19 cases (90.48%) self-reported engaging in male-to-male sexual contact, among whom 10 cases (52.63%) reported having taken protective measures, while 9 cases (47.37%) did not take safety precautions. Thirteen cases (61.90%) had no travel history to areas with reported monkeypox cases during the 21 days before symptom onset. The predominant manifestation was exanthem (100%, 21/21), followed by fever (57.14%, 12/21) and lymphadenectasis (47.62%, 10/21). Among febrile cases, 50.00% (6/12) had low-grade fever (37.3‒38.0 ℃). All cases were identified through active medical consultation. The median interval from symptom onset to the first medical visit was 3 (2, 6) days, with a maximum interval of 14 days. The median interval from symptom onset to laboratory confirmation was 7 (5, 9) days. Six cases (28.57%) had two or more visits to the hospital, with bacterial infection being the primary initial diagnosis. ConclusionMonkeypox prevention and control efforts in a district of Chengdu City should prioritize MSM population and young and middle-aged adults aged 30 to <40 years. It is recommended to establish an integrated monkeypox epidemic prevention and control network by leveraging existing HIV/AIDS prevention and control network. Concurrently, accelerating the deployment of the national intelligent infectious disease monitoring and early warning front-end software will strengthen early detection capabilities and be beneficial for the overall effectiveness of epidemic prevention and control efforts.

ObjectiveTo investigate the pharmacological basis and mechanism of Qinlian Jiangxia decoction （QLJXD） in the treatment of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. MethodsThe Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine （ETCM） and the GeneCards database were used to predict the active components and targets of QLJXD in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） combined with dyslipidemia. The key components and core targets were screened following protein-protein interaction （PPI） network， Gene Ontology （GO）， and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analyses of the targets and then verified by molecular docking. SD rats were used to prepare the QLJXD-medicated serum， and a 3T3-L1 adipocyte model of insulin resistance （IR） was constructed with 1 μmol·L^-1 dexamethasone （DEX）. After intervention with four sera， cell glucose consumption and lipid metabolism levels were measured to screen the optimal action concentration of the medicated serum. A 3T3-L1 adipocyte model of IR with fatty acid-binding protein 4 （FABP4） overexpression was further constructed by plasmid transfection. Western blot and Real-time quantitative PCR （Real-time PCR） were employed to determine the expression of FABP4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARG） at protein and mRNA levels， respectively， on the basis of which the regulatory effect of QLJXD on the FABP4/PPARG pathway was evaluated. ResultsNetwork pharmacology revealed that the key active components of QLJXD in treating T2DM complicated with dyslipidemia were baicalein， acacetin， and α-linolenic acid， and FABP1， FABP4， and PPARG were the core targets. Molecular docking showed good binding activity between the key components and core targets. QLJXD-medicated serum improved the glucose uptake capacity， increased insulin （INS）-stimulated glucose consumption （P<0.01）， and reduced total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， and free fatty acid （FFA） levels （P<0.01） in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte model of IR， with the medium-dose-medicated serum demonstrating the most potent effects. Overexpression of FABP4 impaired the glucose uptake capacity in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte model of IR and promoted intracellular accumulation of TC， TG， and FFA （P<0.05）. The medium-dose-medicated serum improved glucose uptake capacity and reduced the accumulation of TC， TG， and FFA （P<0.01）， while decreasing the protein and mRNA expression levels of FABP4 and concomitantly increasing the protein and mRNA levels of PPARG （P<0.05） in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte model of IR with FABP4 overexpression. ConclusionThe QLJXD-medicated serum has been evidenced to ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in the 3T3-L1 adipocyte model of IR through multiple components， with the mechanism related to the FABP4/PPARG signaling pathway.

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications has been showing an upward trend in the past few decades, posing an increased economic burden to society and a serious threat to human life and health. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the effectiveness of complementary and alternative therapies for DM and its complications. Luteolin is a kind of polyphenol flavonoid with widely existence in some natural resources, as a safe dietary supplement, it has been widely studied and reported in the treatment of DM and its complications. This review demonstrates the therapeutic potential of luteolin in DM and its complications, and elucidates the action mode of luteolin at the molecular level. It is characterized by anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. In detail, luteolin can not only improve endothelial function, insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, but also inhibit the activities of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and α-glucosidase. However, due to the low water solubility and oral bioavailability of luteolin, its application in the medical field is limited. Therefore, great importance should be attached to the joint application of luteolin with current advanced science and technology. And more high-quality human clinical studies are needed to clarify the effects of luteolin on DM patients.
Humans ; Luteolin/pharmacology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy* ; Diabetes Complications/drug therapy* ; Animals ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of monotropein on motor function recovery of mice with spinal cord injury (SCI) and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Forty-five adult female C57BL/6 mice were randomized equally into sham operation group, SCI group, and SCI group with daily intraperitoneal monotropein injection. The mice in the former two groups received daily saline injections. Motor function of the mice was evaluated using BMS scores, slant plate test, and footprint analyses. Pathological changes and neuronal counts in the spinal cord were observed using HE, LFB, and Nissl staining. The biological functions of monotropein were explored using GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. NeuN/cleaved caspase-3 immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting were used to detect neuronal apoptosis in the spinal cord of the mice. In cultured HT22 cells, the effect of monotropein on TNF-α-induced cell apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL staining and Western blotting. In monotropein-treated HT22 cells and SCI mice, the changes in the PI3K/AKT pathway were examined, and the effect of a PI3K/AKT pathway activator (IGF-1) on HT22 cell apoptosis and motor function recovery of SCI mice were observed. RESULTS: SCI mice with monotropein treatment showed significantly improved motor functions with reduced SCI areas and increased myelin retention and neuron counts in the spinal cord. Bioinformatics analysis suggested a role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in mediating the anti-apoptotic effects of monotropein. In SCI mice, monotropein obviously reduced apoptotic neurons, decreased expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax and increased Bcl-2 expression in the spinal cord. In HT22 cells, monotropein significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced apoptosis and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Treatment with IGF-1 obviously increased apoptosis of HT22 cells and exacerbated locomotor dysfunction in SCI mice. CONCLUSIONS Monotropein promotes motor function recovery in SCI mice by reducing neuronal apoptosis possibly by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Animals ; Spinal Cord Injuries/metabolism* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Female ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Neurons/pathology* ; Recovery of Function

Enamel demineralization, the formation of white spot lesions, is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment. The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties. This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment, advocating for proactive prevention, early detection, timely treatment, scientific follow-up, and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process, thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Caries/etiology* ; Dental Enamel/pathology* ; Tooth Demineralization/etiology* ; Tooth Remineralization

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of molecular targeted agents in children with progressive pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on pLGG patients treated with oral targeted therapies at the Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from July 2021. Treatment responses and safety profiles were assessed. RESULTS: Among the 20 enrolled patients, the trametinib group (n=12, including 11 cases with BRAF fusions and 1 case with BRAF V600E mutation) demonstrated 4 partial responses (33%) and 2 minor responses (17%), with a median time to response of 3.0 months. In the vemurafenib group (n=6, all with BRAF V600E mutation), 5 patients achieved partial responses (83%), showing a median time to response of 1.0 month. Comparative analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in progression-free survival rates between the two treatment groups (P>0.05). The median duration of clinical benefit (defined as partial response + minor response + stable disease) was 11.0 months for vemurafenib and 18.0 months for trametinib. Two additional cases, one with ATM mutation treated with olaparib for 24 months and one with NF1 mutation receiving everolimus for 21 months, discontinued treatment due to sustained disease stability. No severe adverse events were observed in any treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Molecular targeted therapy demonstrates clinical efficacy with favorable tolerability in pLGG. Vemurafenib achieves high response rates and induces early tumor shrinkage in patients with BRAF V600E mutations, supporting its utility as a first-line therapy.
Humans ; Glioma/genetics* ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Retrospective Studies ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics* ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/adverse effects* ; Adolescent ; Infant ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics* ; Pyrimidinones/therapeutic use* ; Mutation

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the RHD genotyping and sequencing results of RhD serology negative samples in the clinic, and to further explore the laboratory methods for RhD detection, in order to provide a basis for clinical precision blood transfusion. METHODS: A total of 27 200 whole blood samples were screened for RhD blood group antigen using microcolumn gel card method.Serologic RhD-negative confirmation tests were performed on blood samples that were negative for RhD on initial screening using three different clonal strains of IgG anti-D reagents. The 10 exons of the RHD gene on chromosome 1 were also analyzed by PCR-SSP to determine RHD genotyping.When the PCR-SSP method did not yield definitive results, the RHD gene of the sample was analyzed by the third-generation sequencing. RESULTS: The results of the initial screening test by the microcolumn gel card method showed that 136 of the 27 200 samples were RhD-negative, of which 86 underwent RhD-negative confirmation testing and RHD genotyping, 88.37% (76/86 cases) of the RhD-negative confirmation test results were negative for the three anti-D reagents, and the results of RHD genotyping showed that 67.44% (58/86 cases) of the cases had a complete deletion of 10 exons, and the remaining 28 cases were RHD*711delC (1 case), RHD*D-CE(1-9)-D (1 case), RHD*D-CE(2-9-)D (2 cases), RHD*D-CE(3-9)-D (4 cases), RHD*DEL1 (c.1227G >A) mutation (16 cases), RHD*weak partial 15(845G >A) mutation (3 cases), and a mutation of c.165C >T base was found in 1 sample by three-generation sequencing. CONCLUSION RHD genotype testing of samples that are serologically negative for RhD antigen shows that some of the samples have RHD gene variants, not all of which are total deletions of RHD, suggesting that there are some limitations of the serologic method for RhD detection. Due to the polymorphism of the RHD gene structure, different RhD variants present different serologic features, which need to be further detected in combination with molecular biology testing, especially for the identification of Asian-type DELs, which is important for clinical precision blood transfusion.
Humans ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/genetics* ; Genotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Exons ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching

BACKGROUND: Meningeal metastasis (MM) is a form of malignant metastasis where tumor cells spread from the primary site to the pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid, subarachnoid space, and other cerebrospinal fluid compartments. Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor types with MM. MM not only signifies that the lung cancer has progressed to an advanced stage but also leads to a range of severe clinical symptoms due to meningeal involvement. Currently, the risk factors associated with the development of MM are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for MM in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) who underwent non-surgical interventions, in order to identify LUAD patients at high risk for MM. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of patients diagnosed with LUAD at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to July 2024. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation methods, and risk factors were identified through LASSO, univariate, and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 170 patients with LUAD were included in this study and divided into two groups: 87 patients with MM and 83 patients without MM. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses revealed that younger age at diagnosis (P=0.004), presence of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) L858R gene mutation (P=0.008), and concurrent liver metastasis at baseline (P=0.004) were independent risk factors for developing MM in LUAD patients who did not undergo surgical intervention. Conversely, higher baseline globulin levels (P=0.039) and the presence of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene mutation (P=0.040) were associated with a reduced risk of MM development. CONCLUSIONS Age at diagnosis, EGFR L858R mutation status, ALK gene mutation status, concurrent liver metastasis, globulin levels at baseline were significantly associated with the risk of developing MM in patients with LUAD patients who did not undergo surgical intervention. For patients diagnosed at a younger age, carrying the EGFR L858R mutation, or presenting with baseline liver metastasis, early implementation of tertiary prevention strategies for MM is crucial. Regular monitoring of MM status should be conducted in these high-risk groups.
Humans ; Male ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/therapy* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Meningeal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Adult