In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Inulae Flos has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， production area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and others， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. After textual research， it could be verified that the medicinal use of Inulae Flos was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty. In successive dynasties， Xuanfuhua has been taken as the official name， and it also has other alternative names such as Jinfeicao， Daogeng and Jinqianhua. The period before the Song and Yuan dynasties， the main origin of Inulae Flos was the Asteraceae plant Inula japonica， and from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present， I. japonica and I. britannica are the primary source. In addition to the dominant basal species， there are also regional species such as I. linariifolia， I. helianthus-aquatili， and I. hupehensis. The earliest recorded production areas in ancient times were Henan， Hubei and other places， and the literature records that it has been distributed throughout the country since modern times. The medicinal part is its flower， the harvesting and processing method recorded in the past dynasties is mainly harvested in the fifth and ninth lunar months， and dried in the sun， and the modern harvesting is mostly harvested in summer and autumn when the flowers bloom， in order to remove impurities， dry in the shade or dry in the sun. In addition， the roots， whole herbs and aerial parts are used as medicinal materials. In ancient times， there were no records about the quality of Inulae Flos， and in modern times， it is generally believed that the quality of complete flower structure， small receptacles， large blooms， yellow petals， long filaments， many fluffs， no fragments， and no branches is better. Ancient processing methods primarily involved cleaning， steaming， and sun-drying， supplemented by techniques such as boiling， roasting， burning， simmering， stir-frying， and honey-processing. Modern processing focuses mainly on cleaning the stems and leaves before use. Regarding the medicinal properties， ancient texts describe it as salty and sweet in taste， slightly warm in nature， and mildly toxic. Modern studies characterize it as bitter， pungent， and salty in taste， with a slightly warm nature. Its therapeutic effects remain consistent across eras， including descending Qi， resolving phlegm， promoting diuresis， and stopping vomiting. Based on the research results， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas containing Inulae Flos， either I. japonica or I. britannica should be used as the medicinal source. Processing methods should follow formula requirements， where no processing instructions are specified， the raw products may be used after cleaning.

In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Inulae Flos has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， production area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and others， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. After textual research， it could be verified that the medicinal use of Inulae Flos was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty. In successive dynasties， Xuanfuhua has been taken as the official name， and it also has other alternative names such as Jinfeicao， Daogeng and Jinqianhua. The period before the Song and Yuan dynasties， the main origin of Inulae Flos was the Asteraceae plant Inula japonica， and from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present， I. japonica and I. britannica are the primary source. In addition to the dominant basal species， there are also regional species such as I. linariifolia， I. helianthus-aquatili， and I. hupehensis. The earliest recorded production areas in ancient times were Henan， Hubei and other places， and the literature records that it has been distributed throughout the country since modern times. The medicinal part is its flower， the harvesting and processing method recorded in the past dynasties is mainly harvested in the fifth and ninth lunar months， and dried in the sun， and the modern harvesting is mostly harvested in summer and autumn when the flowers bloom， in order to remove impurities， dry in the shade or dry in the sun. In addition， the roots， whole herbs and aerial parts are used as medicinal materials. In ancient times， there were no records about the quality of Inulae Flos， and in modern times， it is generally believed that the quality of complete flower structure， small receptacles， large blooms， yellow petals， long filaments， many fluffs， no fragments， and no branches is better. Ancient processing methods primarily involved cleaning， steaming， and sun-drying， supplemented by techniques such as boiling， roasting， burning， simmering， stir-frying， and honey-processing. Modern processing focuses mainly on cleaning the stems and leaves before use. Regarding the medicinal properties， ancient texts describe it as salty and sweet in taste， slightly warm in nature， and mildly toxic. Modern studies characterize it as bitter， pungent， and salty in taste， with a slightly warm nature. Its therapeutic effects remain consistent across eras， including descending Qi， resolving phlegm， promoting diuresis， and stopping vomiting. Based on the research results， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas containing Inulae Flos， either I. japonica or I. britannica should be used as the medicinal source. Processing methods should follow formula requirements， where no processing instructions are specified， the raw products may be used after cleaning.

ObjectiveTo explore the process and guidelines for ethical review in decentralized drug clinical trials， promote clinical trial progress， and ensure drug development progress. MethodsThe key points of the ethical review were summarized by studying the relevant laws and regulations on decentralized drug clinical trials， analyzing the advantages and challenges of decentralized drug clinical trials， and combining the experience of the ethics committee of the institution in reviewing decentralized drug clinical trials. ResultsRelevant laws and regulations were the basis for the ethical review， and the ethics committee should adopt appropriate review methods based on regulations and hospital ethical standard operating procedures. The ethics committee should focus on the feasibility， applicability， and rationality， the adequacy of informed consent， the protection of rights and interests and privacy of subjects， as well as the qualification and standard operating procedures of electronic platforms for conducting decentralized drug clinical trials. ConclusionDecentralized drug clinical trials are in their early stages and urgently require guidance from relevant laws and regulations. Ethical review is also constantly being refined through exploration. It is necessary to supervise the implementation of responsibilities by all parties， pay attention to the rights and interests of subjects， and gradually promote the implementation of decentralized drug clinical trials.

Objective To explore the effects of Jingling Oral Liquid(mainly composed of Polygoni Multiflori Radix,Polygonati Rhizoma,Platycladi Semen,Nelumbinis Semen,Ligustri Lucidi Fructus,Poria,and Lilii Bulbus)as an adjunctive therapy on cognitive,motor,and social abilities in children with global developmental delay(GDD).Methods A total of 120 children with GDD who visited the Department of Neurological Rehabilitation at Hebei Children's Hospital from July 2021 to November 2023 were selected as the study subjects.The children were randomly divided into a control group and a trial group using a random number table,with 60 children in each group.The control group received conventional comprehensive rehabilitation training,while the trial group received Jingling Oral Liquid as an adjunctive therapy in addition to the control group's treatment.The treatment course lasted 12 weeks.Before and after treatment,the changes in Gesell Developmental Scale(GDS)scores,Peabody Developmental Motor Scales(PDMS)scores,motor function scores,and language ability scores in both groups were observed to evaluate the cognitive,motor,and social abilities of the children.Results(1)After treatment,the scores of all dimensions of the GDS,including adaption,developmental quotient of fine motor,language developmental quotient,and personal-social developmental quotient,were significantly increased in both groups compared to those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the improvement of GDS scores in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(2)After treatment,the scores of all dimensions of the PDMS,including fine developmental quotient score,standardized score of visual-motor integration,and standardized score of grasping,were significantly increased in both groups compared to those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the improvement of PDMS scores in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the scores of motor function indicators of fine motor quotient(FMQ),gross motor quotient(GMQ),and total motor quotient(TMQ)were significantly increased in both groups compared to those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the improvement of motor function scores in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the language ability scores were significantly increased in both groups compared to those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the improvement of language ability scores in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion The combination of Jingling Oral Liquid with conventional comprehensive rehabilitation training can effectively improve the cognitive,motor,and social abilities of children with GDD.

Objective:To explore the potential categories of internal ability of elderly patients with ischemic stroke, identify the influencing factors and propose corresponding nursing interventions.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. From January 2025 to May 2025, the elderly patients with ischemic stroke in Tianjin Huanhu Hospital were selected by convenient sampling method. The general information questionnaire, the Internal Capacity Assessment Scale for the Older People, the Health Literacy Scale for stroke patients and the Perceived Social Support Scale were used to investigate. To determine latent categories of patients' intrinsic capacity, potential profile analysis was employed. Subsequently, multivariable Logistic regression examined factors associated with these categories.Results:A total of 260 survey questionnaires were distributed, and 256 valid questionnaires were finally collected, with an effective response rate of 98.46% (256/260). Among of them, there were 166 males and 90 females, aged 68.00 (63.00, 74.00) years.The intrinsic ability of elderly patients with ischemic stroke could be divided into three potential categories: low sensation-low exercise group (27.0%, 69/256), relatively stable intrinsic ability group (37.5%, 96/256) and low cognition-low psychology group (35.5%, 91/256). Multivariable Logistic regression showed that advanced age (compared to the low sensation-low exercise group, OR=0.902; compared to the relatively stable intrinsic ability group, OR=0.813), smoking (compared to the low sensation-low exercise group, OR=0.459; compared to the relatively stable intrinsic ability group, OR=0.442), the lower the Barthel index (compared to the low sensation-low exercise group, ≤40 points with OR=0.157; 41-60 points with OR=0.285) were more likely to enter the low cognition-low psychology group (all P<0.05); other chronic disease types ≤1 (compared to the low cognition-low psychology group, OR=2.630), higher health literacy scores (compared to the low cognition-low psychology group, OR=1.033) were more likely to enter the relatively stable intrinsic ability group (both P<0.05); and stroke frequency was the first occurrence (compared to the low cognition-low psychology group, OR=2.725) was more likely to enter the low sensation-low exercise group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:In older adults with ischemic stroke, the characteristics of intrinsic ability are clearly categorized. To enhance patient outcomes, healthcare professionals are advised to tailor nursing interventions based on the unique features and specific influencing factors associated with each potential category.

Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a prevalent chronic degenerative disorder among older adults,with biomechanical factors playing a crucial role in its pathogenesis and progression.This article aims to direct clinical studies on Tai Ji Quan(Shadow Boxing)therapeutic intervention for KOA by analyzing biomechanical factors in the pathogenesis of KOA and generalizing the biomechanical characteristics of Tai Ji Quan exercise and its impact on the gait pattern,overall mechanical balance,muscle function,plantar pressure,and proprioception of KOA patients,as well as summarizing the limitations in current clinical research.

Objective To investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease through big data combined with Mendelian randomization analysis.Methods Data from 2005 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States were utilized.Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the association between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease,while analyzing relevant influencing factors.A two-sample Mendelian randomization approach was implemented using Genome-Wide Association Studies to establish causal relationships.Results Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease(P＜0.001),with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio serving as a mediating factor in this relationship(P＜0.001).Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a positive correlation between sleep disorders and coronary heart disease(OR=1.030,95％CI:1.01-1.04).Conclusion Sleep disorders can increase the risk of coronary heart disease by activating inflammatory factors.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen,providing a theoretical basis for promoting their mental health.Methods:From Jan to Feb 2022,an online questionnaire survey was conducted,involving 483 online questionnaires from college freshmen(184 males,299 females).The depression-anxiety-stress self-rating scale,smartphone dependence self-rating scale for adolescents,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)were used for online surveys.The influencing factors of depression,anxiety,and their comorbidity among college freshmen were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results:The detection rates of smartphone dependence,sleep disorders,depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen were 26.1%,12.8%,26.3%,32.1%,and 23.6%,respectively.The detection rates of depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms in male students were significantly higher than those in female students(P＜0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that self-perceived poor mental health,smartphone dependence and sleep disorders were risk factors for depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms.Low satisfaction with college life was a risk factor for depression.Medical specialty was a risk factor for anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Male college freshmen show higher rates of depression,anxiety,and their comorbidity.Low satisfaction with college life,self-perceived poor mental health,high academic pressure,smartphone dependence,medical specialty,and sleep disorders may be risk factors for depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen.

Objective To investigate the value of CT perfusion imaging(CTP)and CT angiography(CTA)combined with serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE)in assessing the status and prognosis of collateral circulation(CC)in hemiplegic patients with stroke.Methods A total of 106 patients with stroke hemiplegia were selected in this study.All patients underwent CTA and CTP,and patients were classified into the good CC group(n=67)and the poor CC group(n=39)based on CTA images.Patients were also classified into the good prognostic group(n=56)and the poor prognostic group(n=50)based on modified Rankin Scale(mRS)scores after 3 months of treatment.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum NSE levels.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyse the correlation between CC scores and CTP parameters and serum NSE levels.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the evaluation value of serum NSE for the prognosis of hemiplegic patients after stroke.Kappa test was used to analyse the consistency of the prognosis and follow-up results of hemiplegic stroke patients assessed by CTP and CTA alone and in combination with serum NSE.Results The CTP parameters rCBF and rCBV were lower in the poor CC group than those in the good CC group(P＜0.05),and levels of rTTP,rMTT and serum NSE were higher than those in the good CC group(P＜0.01).CC score was positively correlated with rCBF and rCBV,and negatively correlated with rTTP,rMTT and serum NSE levels(P＜0.05).The rCBF and rCBV were lower in the poor prognosis group than those in the good prognosis group,and the proportion of poor CC,rTTP,rMTT,serum NSE level and mRS score were higher than those in the good prognosis group(P＜0.01).The area under the curve of serum NSE alone for predicting poor prognosis in hemiplegic patients with stroke was 0.878(95%CI:0.800-0.934),with a sensitivity of 74.00%and a specificity of 91.07%,which was in good agreement with the results of the follow-up(Kappa value=0.654,P＜0.001).Conclusion CTP,CTA combined with serum NSE have a relatively high evaluation value for the assessment of the CC status and prognosis of stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Microplastics are widely present in various environments such as water bodies,land,and atmosphere,which pose threats to the ecological environment and human health through transmission and accumulation in the food chain.The existing detection techniques for microplastics face challenges such as complex preparation procedure of samples,low efficiency in processing large batches of samples,and difficulties in handling complex samples.Therefore,there is an urgent need for rapid and efficient detection techniques suitable for complex microplastics samples in the field of environmental monitoring.Raman spectroscopy,known for its advantages such as rapidity,accuracy,high sensitivity,non-destructiveness,and non-contact,demonstrates great application potential in detection of microplastics.Deep learning,an artificial intelligence method known for its large-scale data processing,nonlinear modeling and automatic feature extraction capabilities,is receiving increasing attention in the analysis of Raman spectroscopy signals.The application of deep learning-based Raman spectroscopy has significantly improved performance indicators such as detection efficiency and accuracy.This article introduced the existing Raman enhancement techniques,summarized the deep learning methods applied in Raman spectroscopy signal analysis,reviewed the recent research and application progress of deep learning-based Raman spectroscopy in detection of microplastics,and finally discussed the challenges and future prospects of deep learning-based Raman spectroscopy in detection of microplastics.