Objective:To explore the teaching effectiveness of BOPPPS (bridge-in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory-learning, post-assessment, and summary) teaching model in the undergraduate education of pediatric surgery, compare the BOPPPS teaching model with the traditional teaching model, and examine the differences in students' understanding and mastery of knowledge, as well as their ability improvement.Methods:A total of 621 undergraduate students majoring in pediatrics at Chongqing Medical University in the 2021-2023 academic years were selected as the experimental group, and 552 undergraduate students majoring in pediatrics at Chongqing Medical University in the 2018-2020 academic years were selected as the control group. The traditional teaching method was used in the pediatric surgery teaching of the control group, while the BOPPPS teaching model was used in the experimental group. The two groups were compared based on theoretical examination scores, routine assessment scores, overall performance, and teaching satisfaction. A statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 software. Continuous data conforming to a normal distribution were expressed as ( x?±s). Two independent samples mean t test was used for analysis. Results:The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher theoretical examination scores [(70.21±10.03) vs. (62.58±8.40)], routine assessment scores [(96.38±2.10) vs. (84.11±2.02)], and total scores [(80.68±11.30) vs. (71.19±9.50)] compared to the control group ( P<0.05). The overall satisfaction with teaching was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group [(91.60±1.75) vs. (90.57±0.80)] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of BOPPPS teaching model in pediatric surgery teaching can improve undergraduate students' self-learning ability, clinical thinking ability, and team cooperation ability, thereby enhancing teaching quality.

Objective:To explore medical students'cognition,current status,and demands regarding practical skills training in a medical college under the background of new medical science.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical undergraduates from Year 1 to Year 5 in a medical college.A self-designed scale was used to investigate the cognition,current status,and demands related to new medical education concepts.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between satisfaction with practical teaching facilities and variables including understanding of new medical education,curriculum design,and proportion of practical teaching.Multiple linear regression was conducted to investigate the factors influencing satisfaction.Results:Among 1 253 participants,70.71%acquired new medical science information through online media,while 52.99%learned about it via school courses.Over 80%endorsed"whole-cycle health management"(preventive care before disease onset 91.94%,disease treatment 81.72%,and post-illness rehabilitation 82.60%).Experimental courses(85.16%),clinical skills training(66.88%),and social practice(66.24%)were primary practical forms,but the participation rates of research practice(40.78%)and innovation/entrepreneurship practice(34.72%)was comparatively lower.The satisfaction with practical teaching was positively correlated with adequacy of faculty guidance(r=0.707)and curriculum rationality(r=0.522)(P＜0.01).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that faculty guidance(β=0.436)and the proportion of practical teaching(β=0.319)were the key predictors of satisfaction.Conclusion:Medical students'cognition of practical skills training,curriculum optimization,and adequacy of faculty guidance significantly influence satisfaction with practical teaching,with faculty guidance and rationality of practical process playing key roles.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on postoperative delirium (POD) in diabetic patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, 92 diabetic patients of either sex, aged 30-80 yr, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=46 each) using a table of random numbers: control group (group C) and acupuncture group (group A). Group A received acupuncture at the Baihui (GV20), Shenting (GV24) and Sishencong (EX-HN1) acupoints before anesthesia. The needles were retained for 30 min, with manual stimulation applied every 10 min for 10 s each time. After 4 stimulations, routine anesthesia was carried out. Group C received routine anesthesia only. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was recorded on admission to the operating room (T 0), after anesthesia induction (T 1), at the start of surgery (T 2), at the end of surgery (T 3), and immediately after tracheal extubation (T 4). The POD developed within 3 days after surgery was assessed. The occurrence of needle-related adverse effects such as fainting, subcutaneous bleeding, and local paresthesia was recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the incidence of POD was significantly reduced, and the regional cerebral oxygen saturation was increased at T 1, 4 in group A ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Acupuncture can decrease the development of POD in diabetic patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, which is related to an increase in regional cerebral oxygen saturation.

Objective:To explore medical students'cognition,current status,and demands regarding practical skills training in a medical college under the background of new medical science.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical undergraduates from Year 1 to Year 5 in a medical college.A self-designed scale was used to investigate the cognition,current status,and demands related to new medical education concepts.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between satisfaction with practical teaching facilities and variables including understanding of new medical education,curriculum design,and proportion of practical teaching.Multiple linear regression was conducted to investigate the factors influencing satisfaction.Results:Among 1 253 participants,70.71%acquired new medical science information through online media,while 52.99%learned about it via school courses.Over 80%endorsed"whole-cycle health management"(preventive care before disease onset 91.94%,disease treatment 81.72%,and post-illness rehabilitation 82.60%).Experimental courses(85.16%),clinical skills training(66.88%),and social practice(66.24%)were primary practical forms,but the participation rates of research practice(40.78%)and innovation/entrepreneurship practice(34.72%)was comparatively lower.The satisfaction with practical teaching was positively correlated with adequacy of faculty guidance(r=0.707)and curriculum rationality(r=0.522)(P＜0.01).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that faculty guidance(β=0.436)and the proportion of practical teaching(β=0.319)were the key predictors of satisfaction.Conclusion:Medical students'cognition of practical skills training,curriculum optimization,and adequacy of faculty guidance significantly influence satisfaction with practical teaching,with faculty guidance and rationality of practical process playing key roles.

The processing mechanism of the human brain for speech information is a significant source of inspiration for the study of speech enhancement technology. Attention and lateral inhibition are key mechanisms in auditory information processing that can selectively enhance specific information. Building on this, the study introduces a dual-branch U-Net that integrates lateral inhibition and feedback-driven attention mechanisms. Noisy speech signals input into the first branch of the U-Net led to the selective feedback of time-frequency units with high confidence. The generated activation layer gradients, in conjunction with the lateral inhibition mechanism, were utilized to calculate attention maps. These maps were then concatenated to the second branch of the U-Net, directing the network's focus and achieving selective enhancement of auditory speech signals. The evaluation of the speech enhancement effect was conducted by utilising five metrics, including perceptual evaluation of speech quality. This method was compared horizontally with five other methods: Wiener, SEGAN, PHASEN, Demucs and GRN. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method improved speech signal enhancement capabilities in various noise scenarios by 18% to 21% compared to the baseline network across multiple performance metrics. This improvement was particularly notable in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, where the proposed method exhibited a significant performance advantage over other methods. The speech enhancement technique based on lateral inhibition and feedback-driven attention mechanisms holds significant potential in auditory speech enhancement, making it suitable for clinical practices related to artificial cochleae and hearing aids.
Humans ; Attention/physiology* ; Speech Perception/physiology* ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Speech ; Noise ; Feedback

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, computational pathology has been seamlessly integrated into the entire clinical workflow, which encompasses diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and biomarker discovery. This integration has significantly enhanced clinical accuracy and efficiency while reducing the workload for clinicians. Traditionally, research in this field has depended on the collection and labeling of large datasets for specific tasks, followed by the development of task-specific computational pathology models. However, this approach is labor intensive and does not scale efficiently for open-set identification or rare diseases. Given the diversity of clinical tasks, training individual models from scratch to address the whole spectrum of clinical tasks in the pathology workflow is impractical, which highlights the urgent need to transition from task-specific models to foundation models (FMs). In recent years, pathological FMs have proliferated. These FMs can be classified into three categories, namely, pathology image FMs, pathology image-text FMs, and pathology image-gene FMs, each of which results in distinct functionalities and application scenarios. This review provides an overview of the latest research advancements in pathological FMs, with a particular emphasis on their applications in oncology. The key challenges and opportunities presented by pathological FMs in precision oncology are also explored.
Humans ; Precision Medicine/methods* ; Medical Oncology/methods* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Neoplasms/pathology* ; Computational Biology/methods*

Objective:To evaluate the effect of acupuncture on postoperative delirium (POD) in diabetic patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, 92 diabetic patients of either sex, aged 30-80 yr, with a body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=46 each) using a table of random numbers: control group (group C) and acupuncture group (group A). Group A received acupuncture at the Baihui (GV20), Shenting (GV24) and Sishencong (EX-HN1) acupoints before anesthesia. The needles were retained for 30 min, with manual stimulation applied every 10 min for 10 s each time. After 4 stimulations, routine anesthesia was carried out. Group C received routine anesthesia only. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was recorded on admission to the operating room (T 0), after anesthesia induction (T 1), at the start of surgery (T 2), at the end of surgery (T 3), and immediately after tracheal extubation (T 4). The POD developed within 3 days after surgery was assessed. The occurrence of needle-related adverse effects such as fainting, subcutaneous bleeding, and local paresthesia was recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the incidence of POD was significantly reduced, and the regional cerebral oxygen saturation was increased at T 1, 4 in group A ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Acupuncture can decrease the development of POD in diabetic patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, which is related to an increase in regional cerebral oxygen saturation.

Objective:To explore the teaching effectiveness of BOPPPS (bridge-in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory-learning, post-assessment, and summary) teaching model in the undergraduate education of pediatric surgery, compare the BOPPPS teaching model with the traditional teaching model, and examine the differences in students' understanding and mastery of knowledge, as well as their ability improvement.Methods:A total of 621 undergraduate students majoring in pediatrics at Chongqing Medical University in the 2021-2023 academic years were selected as the experimental group, and 552 undergraduate students majoring in pediatrics at Chongqing Medical University in the 2018-2020 academic years were selected as the control group. The traditional teaching method was used in the pediatric surgery teaching of the control group, while the BOPPPS teaching model was used in the experimental group. The two groups were compared based on theoretical examination scores, routine assessment scores, overall performance, and teaching satisfaction. A statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 software. Continuous data conforming to a normal distribution were expressed as ( x?±s). Two independent samples mean t test was used for analysis. Results:The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher theoretical examination scores [(70.21±10.03) vs. (62.58±8.40)], routine assessment scores [(96.38±2.10) vs. (84.11±2.02)], and total scores [(80.68±11.30) vs. (71.19±9.50)] compared to the control group ( P<0.05). The overall satisfaction with teaching was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group [(91.60±1.75) vs. (90.57±0.80)] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of BOPPPS teaching model in pediatric surgery teaching can improve undergraduate students' self-learning ability, clinical thinking ability, and team cooperation ability, thereby enhancing teaching quality.

Objective:To explore the impact of sleep duration, physical exercise, and their interactions on the risk of dyslipidemia in older adults aged ≥80 (the oldest old) in China.Methods:The study subjects were the oldest old from four rounds of Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study (2008-2009, 2011-2012, 2014 and 2017-2018). The information about their demographic characteristics, lifestyles, physical examination results and others were collected, and fasting venous blood samples were collected from them for blood lipid testing. Competing risk model was used to analyze the causal associations of sleep duration and physical exercise with the risk for dyslipidemia. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) function was used to explore the dose-response relationship between sleep duration and the risk for dyslipidemia. Additive and multiplicative interaction model were used to explore the interaction of sleep duration and physical exercise on the risk for dyslipidemia.Results:The average age of 1 809 subjects was (93.1±7.7) years, 65.1% of them were women. The average sleep duration of the subjects was (8.0±2.5) hours/day, 28.1% of them had sleep duration for less than 7 hours/day, and 27.2% had sleep for duration more than 9 hours/day at baseline survey. During the 9-year cumulative follow-up of 6 150.6 person years (follow-up of average 3.4 years for one person), there were 304 new cases of dyslipidemia, with an incidence density of 4 942.6/100 000 person years. The results of competitive risk model analysis showed that compared with those who slept for 7-9 hours/day, the risk for dyslipidemia in oldest old with sleep duration >9 hours/day increased by 22% ( HR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.07-1.39). Compared with the oldest old having no physical exercise, the risk for dyslipidemia in the oldest old having physical exercise decreased by 33% ( HR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.57-0.78). The RCS function showed a linear positive dose-response relationship between sleep duration and the risk for hyperlipidemia. The interaction analysis showed that physical exercise and sleep duration had an antagonistic effect on the risk for hyperlipidemia. Conclusion:Physical exercise could reduce the adverse effects of prolonged sleep on blood lipids in the oldest old.

【Objective】 To explore the model of "One Core, Multiple Elements" emergency blood donation volunteer team (referred to as the Model) . 【Methods】 The Nanjing City Voluntary Blood Donation Joint Meeting serves as the core, with diverse entities including party committees, government departments, district governments, social organizations, enterprises, blood donors, etc. Following the principles of "emergency response in emergencies, wartime readiness, combining regular and wartime efforts," and adhering to the framework of the Model, the emergency blood donation volunteer team system in Nanjing was constructed. 【Results】 1) After the construction of the Model (2018—2022), the total number of emergency blood donation volunteers in Nanjing City increased by 191% compared to the pre-construction period (2013—2017), with an average annual blood donation of 20 929, showing significant differences (P<0.05). 2) After the construction of the Model, the number of emergency blood donation during the winter and summer increased by 206% and 185%, respectively, compared to the pre-construction period, demonstrating significant differences (P< 0.05) .3) Prior to the construction of the Model, Nanjing lacked a relatively stable emergency volunteer team. After the construction, Nanjing established a total of 5 relatively stable volunteer teams, with the district-level government and township personnel accounting for the highest proportion (52.96%), followed by medical personnel (23.95%), enterprise team (11.10%), State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission team (7%), and Nanjing municipal government team (4.98%). 4) Following the Model, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Nanjing successfully initiated two Level Ⅱ blood emergency responses, with emergency blood donations reaching 23 041. 【Conclusion】 The Model can effectively ensure the blood supply in Nanjing region during emergencies.