Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Shionone (SH), an important triterpenoid compound in the root extract of Aster, might exert a protective effect in DN mice and high glucose cultivated glomerular podocytes. The current study aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism by which SH mitigates DN. We postulate that SH stimulates the expression of sestrin-2 (SESN2), a pivotal stress-inducible protein in the anti-inflammasome machinery. Methods: We utilized high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg intraperitoneal) for DN mice model, and high glucose (30 mM, 48 hours) cultured glomerular podocytes for DN cell model to evaluate the effect of SH. We also preformed experimentation on SESN2 deficiency models (SESN2 knockout mice and SESN2 siRNA in cells) to further prove our hypothesis. Results: The results demonstrated that SH effectively suppressed glomerular fibrosis, induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, and inhibited NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation. Furthermore, our findings revealed that SH exerted its anti-inflammatory effect through Sesn2-dependent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and subsequent activation of its downstream target heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest that SH serves as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of DN-related glomerular fibrosis. SH enhances the expression of SESN2, attenuates α-smooth muscle actin accumulation, and suppresses NLRP3-related inflammation through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

The theoretical basis of premature aging originates from The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic. The etiology of premature aging is complex， and the disease mechanism is based on deficiency. The treatment for premature aging is based on tonicity. The essence-Qi-spirit theory of Qiluo doctrine summarizes that "essence is the origin of life， Qi is the driving force of life， and spirit is the embodiment of life"， which is the law of life. The theory puts forward the core disease mechanism of aging， which states that "deficiency of kidney essence is the root of aging， deficiency of primordial Qi is the key to aging， impairment of soma and spirit is the manifestation of aging". The theory also proposes the treatment of "tonifying kidney and supplementing essence， harmonizing Yin and Yang， warming and supporting primordial Qi， and nourishing soma and spirit" and the representative anti-aging drugs. The article unfolds from the perspective of the concepts of natural life span， premature senility before fifty， decline， and aging and also explains the origins and connotations of premature aging. The article explains the disease mechanism of premature aging under the guidance of the essence-Qi-spirit theory of Qiluo doctrine， which is "early deprivation of kidney essence， deficiency of primordial Qi， accumulation of deficiencies into impairment， and decline and impairment of soma and spirit"， summarizes the progress of modern medical research on the treatment of premature aging and representative drugs， and finds that Bazi Bushen capsules have a precise therapeutic effect on the overall premature aging， systematic functional decline， and related diseases. The study provides theoretical basis and new ideas to solve the problems of premature aging and geriatric diseases.

Objective:To discuss the characteristics of pulmonary function changes in the pediatric patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP),the effect of inhaled corticosteroids during the recovery phase on pulmonary function,and the improvement effects of different aerosolized medications on pulmonary function,and to clarify the significance of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of MPP pediatric patients during the recovery phase.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted.Sixty-nine MPP children who received inhaled corticosteroids after discharge were selected as treatment group.According to the different medications used after discharge,they were divided into steroid group(receiving inhaled corticosteroids alone,n=42)and combination group(receiving inhaled corticosteroids combined with inhaled long-acting bronchodilators,n=27).Additionally,30 children who did not receive aerosol therapy after discharge during the same period were selected as control group.The general data of the pediatric patients in various groups were collected.The pulmonary function parameters,including forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1),ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC),peak expiratory flow(PEF),and maximal mid-expiratory flow(MMEF),were detected using pulmonary function equipment at the time of entering the recovery phase and 1 month after entering the recovery phase.The changes in pulmonary function of the pediatric patients between control group and treatment group were analyzed.Results:The pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in the MPP pediatric patients was mainly restrictive,followed by mixed.The pulmonary function could be normal or only show small airway dysfunction in some children.In both teatment and control groups,the second pulmonary function parameters including FVC,FEV1,PEF,maximal expiratory flow at 25%of forced vital capacity(MEF25),maximal expiratory flow at 50%of forced vital capacity(MEF50),maximal expiratory flow at 75%of forced vital capacity(MEF75),and MMEF of the pediatric patients were significantly increased compared with the first measurement(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the increase in FEV1/VC at the second measurement of the pediatric patients in treatment group was not significant(P>0.05).The differences in pulmonary function parameters showed an increasing trend in treatment group and control group.The differences in MEF25 and MMEF of the pediatric patients in the treatment group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).The differences in pulmonary function parameters of the pediatic patients in both steroid group and the combination group showed an overall increasing trend.The differences in FVC,FEV1,FEV1/VC,MEF25,MEF50,and MMEF of the pediatric patients in steroid group were slightly higher than those in combination group.Compared with steroid group,the differences in PEF and MEF75 of the pediatric patients in combination group were slightly higher,but the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The differences in MEF25,MEF50,and MMEF of the pediatric patients in steroid group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Both large and small airway functions can be affected in the pediatric patients with MPP,with restrictive ventilation dysfunction being predominant.Airway function can improve during the disease recovery phase.Inhaled corticosteroids during the recovery phase may have a positive therapeutic significance in promoting the recovery of pulmonary function,especially small airway function.The bronchodilators showed no significant effect on improving the pulmonary function during the recovery phase.Therefore,inhaled corticosteroids alone during the recovery phase may promote the recovery of pulmonary function in children with MPP.

ObjectiveTo construct a group-based trajectory model (GBTM) for early medication adherence check-in, and to analyze the relationship between different trajectories and treatment outcomes in tuberculosis patients using data that were generated from smart tools for monitoring their medication adherence and check-in. MethodsFrom October 1, 2022 to September 30, 2023, a total of 163 pulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed in Fengxian District were selected as the study subjects. The GBTM was utilized to analyze the weekly active check-in trajectories of the subjects during the first 4 weeks and establish different trajectory groups. The χ² tests were employed to compare the differences between groups and logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between different trajectory groups and treatment outcomes. ResultsA total of four groups were generated by GBTM analyses, of which a low level of punch card was maintained in group A, 6% of the drug users increased rapidly from a low level in group B, 17% of drug users increased gradually from a low level in group C, and 18% of drug users maintained a high level of punch card in group D. The trajectory group was divided into two groups according to homogeneity, namely the low level medication punch card group (group A) and the high level medication punch card group (group B, group C, and group D). The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that low-level medication check-in (OR=3.250, 95%CI: 1.089‒9.696), increasing age (OR=1.030, 95%CI: 1.004‒1.056), and not undergoing sputum examination at the end of the fifth month (OR=2.746, 95%CI: 1.090‒7.009) were significantly associated with poor treatment outcomes. ConclusionThe medication check-in trajectory of pulmonary tuberculosis patients within the first 4 weeks is correlated with adverse outcomes, or namely consistent low-level medication adherence check-ins are associated with poor treatment outcomes, while high-level medication adherence check-ins are associated with a lower incidence of adverse outcomes.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Shionone (SH), an important triterpenoid compound in the root extract of Aster, might exert a protective effect in DN mice and high glucose cultivated glomerular podocytes. The current study aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism by which SH mitigates DN. We postulate that SH stimulates the expression of sestrin-2 (SESN2), a pivotal stress-inducible protein in the anti-inflammasome machinery. Methods: We utilized high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg intraperitoneal) for DN mice model, and high glucose (30 mM, 48 hours) cultured glomerular podocytes for DN cell model to evaluate the effect of SH. We also preformed experimentation on SESN2 deficiency models (SESN2 knockout mice and SESN2 siRNA in cells) to further prove our hypothesis. Results: The results demonstrated that SH effectively suppressed glomerular fibrosis, induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, and inhibited NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation. Furthermore, our findings revealed that SH exerted its anti-inflammatory effect through Sesn2-dependent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and subsequent activation of its downstream target heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest that SH serves as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of DN-related glomerular fibrosis. SH enhances the expression of SESN2, attenuates α-smooth muscle actin accumulation, and suppresses NLRP3-related inflammation through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Shionone (SH), an important triterpenoid compound in the root extract of Aster, might exert a protective effect in DN mice and high glucose cultivated glomerular podocytes. The current study aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism by which SH mitigates DN. We postulate that SH stimulates the expression of sestrin-2 (SESN2), a pivotal stress-inducible protein in the anti-inflammasome machinery. Methods: We utilized high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg intraperitoneal) for DN mice model, and high glucose (30 mM, 48 hours) cultured glomerular podocytes for DN cell model to evaluate the effect of SH. We also preformed experimentation on SESN2 deficiency models (SESN2 knockout mice and SESN2 siRNA in cells) to further prove our hypothesis. Results: The results demonstrated that SH effectively suppressed glomerular fibrosis, induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, and inhibited NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation. Furthermore, our findings revealed that SH exerted its anti-inflammatory effect through Sesn2-dependent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and subsequent activation of its downstream target heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest that SH serves as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of DN-related glomerular fibrosis. SH enhances the expression of SESN2, attenuates α-smooth muscle actin accumulation, and suppresses NLRP3-related inflammation through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Shionone (SH), an important triterpenoid compound in the root extract of Aster, might exert a protective effect in DN mice and high glucose cultivated glomerular podocytes. The current study aimed to unravel the underlying mechanism by which SH mitigates DN. We postulate that SH stimulates the expression of sestrin-2 (SESN2), a pivotal stress-inducible protein in the anti-inflammasome machinery. Methods: We utilized high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (55 mg/kg intraperitoneal) for DN mice model, and high glucose (30 mM, 48 hours) cultured glomerular podocytes for DN cell model to evaluate the effect of SH. We also preformed experimentation on SESN2 deficiency models (SESN2 knockout mice and SESN2 siRNA in cells) to further prove our hypothesis. Results: The results demonstrated that SH effectively suppressed glomerular fibrosis, induced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, and inhibited NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation. Furthermore, our findings revealed that SH exerted its anti-inflammatory effect through Sesn2-dependent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and subsequent activation of its downstream target heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest that SH serves as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of DN-related glomerular fibrosis. SH enhances the expression of SESN2, attenuates α-smooth muscle actin accumulation, and suppresses NLRP3-related inflammation through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the forensic clinical appraisal of personal injury caused by dexamethasone poisoning and provide reference for similar cases.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 16 individuals exposed to dexamethasone-adulterated drinking water in a poisoning case.The age,gender,adverse reactions,and clinical manifestations of the appraised individuals were examined based on interview records and clinical medical histories.Results Among the 16 appraised individuals,7 were male and 9 were female,aged 29-50 years.The primary clinical manifestations involved the nervous,respiratory,digestive,and muscular systems,as well as the skin and other organs.After discontinuation of the"hormone water,"5 individuals experienced adverse clinical outcomes.Conclusion Forensic clinical examination in dexamethasone poisoning cases should be performed after the completion of clinical treatment,with particular attention to damage in specific organs.The appraisal must comprehensively consider poisoning duration,dosage,treatment measures,detoxification process,and individual variability.Such cases warrant close attention in judicial practice,and relevant authorities should improve appraisal standards to better meet forensic needs.

Breast cancer, a malignant tumor that significantly endangers women′s health, has shown a gradually rising incidence in recent years. Some breast cancer patients experienced poor prognosis. The commonly used imaging techniques for breast cancer include ultrasound, mammography, and magnetic resonance (MR), which suffer from certain limitations in accurately diagnosing and staging breast cancer. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) enables tumor imaging at the cellular and molecular levels by utilizing radiolabeled molecular probes targeting different ligands. This technique facilitates precise localization and qualitative diagnosis of lesions to improve the staging accuracy, thereby reducing biopsy frequency and enhancing treatment effects for patients. Therefore, PET/CT has gradually developed into an essential imaging method for breast cancer in clinical practice. It plays a critical role in assessing the extent of lesion invasion, predicting immune subtypes, and estimating targeted therapy efficacy, holding promising application prospects. Recently, significant research breakthroughs have been achieved in this field. This review summarized the advances in clinical applications of different PET/CT molecular probes in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, aiming to enhance the understanding of this aspect.

Breast cancer, a malignant tumor that significantly endangers women′s health, has shown a gradually rising incidence in recent years. Some breast cancer patients experienced poor prognosis. The commonly used imaging techniques for breast cancer include ultrasound, mammography, and magnetic resonance (MR), which suffer from certain limitations in accurately diagnosing and staging breast cancer. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) enables tumor imaging at the cellular and molecular levels by utilizing radiolabeled molecular probes targeting different ligands. This technique facilitates precise localization and qualitative diagnosis of lesions to improve the staging accuracy, thereby reducing biopsy frequency and enhancing treatment effects for patients. Therefore, PET/CT has gradually developed into an essential imaging method for breast cancer in clinical practice. It plays a critical role in assessing the extent of lesion invasion, predicting immune subtypes, and estimating targeted therapy efficacy, holding promising application prospects. Recently, significant research breakthroughs have been achieved in this field. This review summarized the advances in clinical applications of different PET/CT molecular probes in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, aiming to enhance the understanding of this aspect.