Objective To investigate the changes in the prevalence of Babesia microti infections, spleen morphology and proportions of splenic immune cells in BALB/c mice following intravenous and intraperitoneal injections, so as to provide insights into unraveling the immune regulatory mechanisms of Babesia infections. Methods Laboratory - maintained B. microti strains were prepared into whole blood samples with 10% prevalence of B. microti infection. A total of 75 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups, including the normal control group, intravenous injection group, and intraperitoneal injection group, of 25 mice in each group. Mice in the intravenous and intraperitoneal injection groups were administered 100 μL of whole blood samples with 10% prevalence of B. microti infection, with the day of injection recorded as d0, and animals in the normal control group were given no treatments. Blood was sampled from mice in each group via the tail tip on d7, d14, d21, d28 and d35, and prepared into thin-film blood smears, and B. microti infection was observed in red blood cells. Five mice were randomly sampled from each group and sacrificed on d7, d14, d21, d28 and d35, and spleen was collected for measurement of spleen size and weight. In addition, splenic cells were isolated, and the proportions of CD3e⁺ T cells, CD45R⁺ B cells, CD49b⁺ nature killer (NK) cells, and F4/80⁺ macrophages were detected in CD45⁺ lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Results The prevalence of B. microti infection in the intravenous (22.80%) and intraperitoneal injection groups (44.82%) peaked on d7 (χ² = 8.141, P < 0.01) and then rapidly decreased, and no parasites were observed on d35. The longest mouse spleen length [(32.91 ± 2.20) mm] and width [(9.82 ± 0.43) mm], and the greatest weight [(0.78 ± 0.10) g] were found on d14 in the intravenous injection group, and the longest spleen length [(32.42 ± 3.21) mm] and width [(10.25 ± 0.73) mm], and the greatest weight [(0.73 ± 0.09) g] were seen in the intra-peritoneal injection group on d21, d7 and d14, respectively. There were significant differences among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and the normal control group in terms of spleen length (F = 10.310, P < 0.05), width (F = 9.824, P < 0.05), and weight (F = 10.672, P < 0.05) on d21, and the mouse spleen length, width and weight were all significantly greater in the intraperitoneal injection group than in the intravenous injection group (allP values < 0.05). The proportions of splenic CD3e⁺ T cells [(60.60 ± 6.20)% and (39.68 ± 7.62)%], CD45R⁺ B cells [(43.32 ± 2.08)% and (49.53 ± 4.90)%], CD49b⁺ NK cells [(6.88 ± 1.34)% and (7.71 ± 1.59)%], and F4/80⁺ macrophages [(2.21 ± 0.29)% and (3.80 ± 0.35)%] peaked on d14, d21, d21 and d14 in the intravenous and intraperitoneal injection groups, respectively. There were significant differences in the proportions of CD3e⁺ T cells (F = 16.730, P < 0.05) and F4/80⁺ macrophages (F = 15.941, P < 0.05) among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d14, and a higher proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells and a lower proportion of F4/80⁺ macrophages were detected in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (both P values < 0.01). There were significant differences among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d21 in terms of proportions of splenic CD3e⁺ T cells (F = 9.252, P < 0.05), CD45R⁺ B cells (F = 14.349, P < 0.05), CD49b⁺ NK cells (F = 13.436,P < 0.05), and F4/80⁺ macrophages (F = 8.180, P < 0.05), and a higher proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells and lower proportions of CD45R⁺ B cells and F4/80⁺ macrophages were detected in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (all P values < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant difference in the proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells among the intravenous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and normal control group on d28 (F = 9.772,P < 0.05), and a lower proportion of CD3e⁺ T cells was found in the intravenous injection group than in the intraperitoneal injection group (P < 0.01). Conclusions Both intraperitoneal and intravenous routes are effective to induce B. microti infections in BALB/c mice, and the prevalence of B. microti infections is higher in BALB/c mice through the intraperitoneal route than through the intravenous route. Intraperitoneal and intravenous injections with B. microti cause diverse spleen morphologies and proportions of splenic immune cells in mice, indicating routes of B. microti infections cause different impacts on immune response mechanisms in mice.

Objective To investigate the changes in eosinophil counts and the activation of microglial cells in the brain tissues of mice at different stages of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection, and to examine the role of microglia in regulating the progression of angiostrongyliasis and unravel the possible molecular mechanisms. Methods Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the control group and the 7-d, 14-d, 21-day and 25-d infection groups, of 10 mice in each group. All mice in infection groups were infected with 30 stage III A. cantonensis larvae by gavage, and animals in the control group was given an equal amount of physiological saline. Five mice were collected from each of infection groups on days 7, 14, 21 d and 25 d post-infection, and 5 mice were collected from the control group on the day of oral gavage. The general and focal functional impairment was scored using the Clark scoring method to assess the degree of mouse neurological impairment. Five mice from each of infection groups were sacrificed on days 7, 14, 21 d and 25 d post-infection, and 5 mice from the control group were sacrificed on the day of oral gavage. Mouse brain tissues were sampled, and the pathological changes of brain tissues were dynamically observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Immunofluorescence staining with eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) was used to assess the degree of eosinophil infiltration and the counts of microglial cells in mouse brain tissues in each group, and the morphological parameters of microglial cells (skeleton analysis and fractal analysis) were quantified by using Image J software to determine the morphological changes of microglial cells. In addition, the expression of M1 microglia markers Fcγ receptor III (Fcgr3), Fcγ receptor IIb (Fcgr2b) and CD86 antigen (Cd86), M2 microglia markers Arginase 1 (Arg1), macrophage mannose receptor C-type 1 (Mrc1), chitinase-like 3 (Chil3), and phagocytosis genes myeloid cell triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2), CD68 antigen (Cd68), and apolipoprotein E (Apoe) was quantified using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assay in the mouse cerebral cortex of mice post-infection. Results A large number of A. cantonensis larvae were seen on the mouse meninges surface post-infection, and many neuronal nuclei were crumpled and deeply stained, with a large number of bleeding points in the meninges. The median Clark scores of mouse general functional impairment were 0 (interquartile range, 0), 0 (interquartile range, 0.5), 6 (interquartile range, 1.0), 14 (interquartile range, 8.5) points and 20 (interquartile range, 9.0) points in the control group and the 7-d, 14-d, 21-d and 25-d groups, respectively (H = 22.45, P < 0.01), and the median Clark scores of mouse focal functional impairment were 0 (interquartile range, 0), 2 (interquartile range, 2.5), 7 (interquartile range, 3.0), 18 (interquartile range, 5.0) points and 25 (interquartile range, 6.5) points in the control group and the 7-d, 14-d, 21-d and 25-d groups, respectively (H = 22.72, P < 0.01). The mean scores of mice general and focal functional impairment were all higher in the infection groups than in the control group (all P values < 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining showed a significant difference in the eosinophil counts in mouse brain tissues among the five groups (F = 40.05, P < 0.000 1), and the eosinophil counts were significantly higher in mouse brain tissues in the 14-d (3.08 ± 0.78) and 21-d infection groups (5.97 ± 1.37) than in the control group (1.00 ± 0.28) (both P values < 0.05). Semi-quantitative analysis of microglia immunofluorescence showed a significant difference in the counts of microglial cells among the five groups (F = 17.66, P < 0.000 1), and higher Iba1 levels were detected in mouse brain tissues in 14-d (5.75 ± 1.28), 21-d (6.23 ± 1.89) and 25-d infection groups (3.70 ± 1.30) than in the control group (1.00 ± 0.30) (all P values < 0.05). Skeleton and fractal analyses showed that the branch length [(162.04 ± 34.10) μm vs. (395.37 ± 64.11) μm; t = 5.566, P < 0.05] and fractal dimension of microglial cells (1.30 ± 0.01 vs. 1.41 ± 0.03; t = 5.266, P < 0.05) were reduced in mouse brain tissues in the 21-d infection group relative to the control group. In addition, there were significant differences among the 5 groups in terms of M1 and M2 microglia markers Fcgr3 (F = 48.34, P < 0.05), Fcgr2b (F = 55.46, P < 0.05), Cd86 (F = 24.44, P < 0.05), Arg1 (F = 31.18, P < 0.05), Mrc1 (F = 15.42, P < 0.05) and Chil3 (F = 24.41, P < 0.05), as well as phagocytosis markers Trem2 (F = 21.19, P < 0.05), Cd68 (F = 43.95, P < 0.05) and Apoe (F = 7.12, P < 0.05) in mice brain tissues. Conclusions A. cantonensis infections may induce severe pathological injuries in mouse brain tissues that are characterized by massive eosinophil infiltration and persistent activation of microglia cells, thereby resulting in progressive deterioration of neurological functions.

Objective:To explore the correlation between frailty and carotid plaque stability in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. From May to December 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 360 patients with ischemic stroke in the Department of Neurology of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University and underwent carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound examination as the study subject. Patients were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, Barthel Index and the Edmonton Frail Scale. Carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound was used to evaluate the stability of carotid plaques in patients. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to explore the correlation between frailty and carotid plaque stability.Results:A total of 360 questionnaires were distributed, and 352 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 97.78%. The incidence of frailty in 352 ischemic stroke patients was 44.89% (158/352). Multivariate analysis showed that compared to stable plaques, unstable carotid plaques were an independent risk factor for frailty in patients with ischemic stroke ( OR=2.127, 95% confidence interval: 1.247-3.626) . Conclusions:Compared to stable plaques, unstable carotid plaques increase the risk of frailty in patients with ischemic stroke. Strengthening the assessment of carotid plaques in patients with ischemic stroke by nursing staff can early identify high-risk individuals for frailty, and timely carry out personalized interventions, thereby reducing the occurrence of adverse health events in patients.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of overexpression of miR-320e in inhibiting inflammatory response of re-spiratory syncytial virus(RSV)infected bronchial epithelial cells.Methods:Human bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE were cultured in vitro and infected with RSV,and cells were divided into Con group,RSV group,RSV+miR-NC group,RSV+miR-320e group,RSV+miR-320e+vector group,RSV+miR-320e+TLR4 group.RT-qPCR was used to detect expression levels of miR-320e and TLR4 mRNA;MTT to detect cell proliferation changes;flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis;Western blot was used to detect Bcl-2,Bax,TLR4,IκBα,p-IκBα,NF-κB and p-NF-κB protein expressions;ELISA to detect TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β and IFN-α,IFN-β expres-sions;dual luciferase experiment to verify the tageting relationship between miR-320e and TLR4.Results:Compared with Con group,miR-320e expression level,survival rate,Bcl-2 and IκBα protein expressions were significantly reduced,apoptosis rate,Bax protein expression,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β and IFN-α,IFN-β expressions,TLR4 mRNA and protein expression,and p-IκBα protein expres-sion and p-NF-κB/NF-κB were increased significantly in RSV group.Compared with RSV+miR-NC group,miR-320e expression level,survival rate,IFN-α,IFN-β expressions,Bcl-2 and IκBα protein expressions were significantly increased,apoptosis rate,Bax pro-tein expression,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β expressions,TLR4 mRNA and protein expression,and p-IκBα protein expression and p-NF-κB/NF-κB in RSV+miR-320e group were significantly reduced.miR-320e targets and negatively regulates the expression of TLR4.Up-regulation of TLR4 can partially restore the effect of overexpression of miR-320e on apoptosis and inflammatory response of RSV-infected bronchial epithelial cells 16HBE.Conclusion:miR-320e inhibits 16HBE apoptosis and inflammation in RSV-infected bronchial epi-thelial cells by targeting and negatively regulating TLR4 expression.

Objective Because of the poor prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma(COAD),it is necessary to screen prognosis-related genes in COAD patients and establish a new prognostic risk assessment model.Methods COAD-related data from the cancer genome atlas(TCGA)and gene expression omnibus(GEO)were used as training and validation sets,respectively.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),a Cox regression model and least absolute selection and shrinkage operator(LASSO)regression analysis were used to screen prognosis-related genes of COAD and establish a prognostic model.A receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was combined with a survival curve to verify the model accuracy,and a nomogram was constructed.Patients were divided into two groups by the median risk score.The immune cell proportion score(IPS)was used to evaluate the immunotherapy response of the two groups.Results A total of 15 feature genes were screened.The area under the ROC curve in the predictive model of COAD patients was＞0.6,and the survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group(P＜0.05),suggesting a good distinguishing ability for high-and low-risk COAD patients.Patients in the low-risk group had a higher IPS(P=0.026),indicating a better response to immunotherapy.Conclusions The model developed for COAD in this study has a good ability to predict the survival of patients at high and low risk of COAD.

In fixed prosthodontics, clear exposure of the preparation margin is the prerequisite for obtaining accurate digital impressions and improving the marginal fit of restorations. To resolve the issues associated with the cord retraction technique, such as pain, acute injury, and prolonged procedural time, this study proposes a new technology for intraoral digital impression taking with pneumatic gingival retraction. The new scanning head blows a high-speed airflow that instantaneously separates the free gingiva, locally exposing the subgingival preparation margin. Combined with the farthest point preservation stitching algorithm based on the distance from the normal vector and high-speed laser scanning photography, it achieves global preparation edge data and gingival reconstruction, realizing painless, non-invasive, and efficient precise acquisition of the preparation margin. Using this new technique, a patient with a full porcelain crown restoration on a posterior tooth was treated. The digital impression revealed a clear margin of the preparation, and the crown made from this data has a good marginal fit.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of mortice and tenon joint and end-to-end bone contact of zygomatic arch in reduction malarplasty, and to explore the clinical application value of mortice and tenon joint.Methods:The clinical data of patients who underwent reduction malarplasty in Sichuan Friendship Hospital and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from January 2013 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were treated with classical or modified L-shaped zygomatic arch osteotomy. According to the bone connection mode of the zygomatic arch, the patients were divided into Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ. The patients in Group Ⅰ were treated with mortice and tenon joint (from June 2017 to June 2020), and the ones in Group Ⅱ were treated with end-to-end contact (from January 2013 to May 2017). The movement between zygomatic body and zygomatic arch were measured 6-24 months after surgeries. The postoperative satisfaction rate was investigated, and the incidence of complications within 2 years after operation was recorded. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. The measurement data were expressed by Mean±SD, and the counting data were expressed by cases (%). T-test was used to compare the age difference, zygomatic body and zygomatic arch movement distance between the two groups. Chi-square test was used to compare the sex composition ratio, postoperative satisfaction rate (sum of very satisfied and satisfied cases/sum of cases in respective group) and incidence of complications between the two groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 380 patients presenting with zygomatic protrusion were included in this retrospective study. One hundred and ninety patients were included in Group Ⅰ[22 men and 168 women; aged(26.8 ±8.6) years)] and 190 patients in Group Ⅱ [16 men and 174 women; aged (25.2 ±8.8) years)]. There was no significant difference in sex constituent ratio and age between the two groups ( P>0.05). After the operation, the width of the face was narrowed, and the contour of the face was significantly improved. The medial movement distance of zygomatic body in Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ was (2.65±0.76) mm versus (2.51±0.78) mm, and the movement distance of zygomatic arch in Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ was (4.58 ±0.44) mm versus (2.60±0.28) mm. There was no significant difference in movement distance of zygomatic body between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ ( t=1.77, P=0.077), but there was significant difference in the zygomatic arch ( t=52.33, P<0.001). The satisfaction rate of patients in Group Ⅰ was 75.8% (144/190), which was higher than that in Group Ⅱ (55.3%, 105/190) ( χ2=17.72, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infection, temporary paresthesia, and hematoma between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of facial asymmetry, sagging cheek, bone suture and nonunion in Group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in Group Ⅰ ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with end-to-end bone contact in reduction malarplasty, the mortice and tenon joint of the zygomatic arch achieved better facial narrowing effect and long-term stability, higher patient satisfaction rate and less postoperative complications.

Objective:To compare the outcomes of the total mandibular inferior border ostectomy and the T-shape genioplasty for chin narrowing combined with mandibular contouring and to assess the indications of the total mandibular inferior border ostectomy.Methods:In this retrospective study, the clinical data were collected from the patients who received mandibular contouring and chin narrowing at the Department of Orthognathic and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from January 2015 to January 2019. According to the surgical procedure, patients were divided into Total inferior border ostectomy (Group I) and T-shaped genioplasty combined with mandibular contouring (Group II). Computed tomography scans, combined with medical records and photographs, were collected preoperatively and in the final follow-up postoperatively. Lower facial height, chin width, chin symmetry, facial proportions as well as patients’ satisfaction and complications were investigated to assess the clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD, and the counting data were expressed as case (%). T-test was performed to compare the age difference, average satisfaction score and the relative measurements between the two groups. Pearson’s chi squared test was used to compare the sex composition ratio and complication ratio between the two groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:102 patients were involved in this study, including 42 patients in group I, 7 males and 35 females; 60 patients in group Ⅱ, 11 males and 49 females. All patients improved lower facial contours. No severe complications were observed during the follow-up period(6~24 months) Regarding appearance satisfaction, 30 cases were very satisfied, 11 cases were satisfied, and 1 case was neutral in group I. 43 cases were very satisfied, 15 cases were satisfied, and 2 cases were neutral in group II. There was no significant difference ( P >0.05) between group I and group II in age, sex, inferior lip numbness, hematoma, severe swelling, infection, soft tissue ptosisand appearance satisfaction.There was a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.01) in preoperative lower facial height [(63.05±4.15) mm vs. (52.87±4.07) mm], Preoperative lower and midfacial height ratio [(107.89±3.11) % vs. (91.29±7.94) %], and preoperative chin width and lower facial height ratio [(90.31±3.19) % vs. (104.32±5.28) %], chin width change [(12.11±2.59) mm vs. (8.39±1.89) mm], postoperative chin deviation [(0.17±0. 09)mm vs. (0.36±0.20) mm] and Postoperative chin width and lower facial height ratio [(76.80±1.85) % vs. (80.95±3.75) %]. No statistical difference ( P>0.05) was found in preoperative chin deviation, midfacial height, postoperative lower facial heigh, postoperative lower and midfacial height ratio. Conclusion:In conclusion, compared to T-shape genioplasty combined with mandibular contouring, total mandibular inferior border ostectomy had a large amount of chin narrowing and better postoperative symmetry and is well suited for a longer, wider, and more asymmetrical chin. The surgical options should be considered and chosen quantitatively to achieve aesthetically satisfactory results.

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of mortice and tenon joint and end-to-end bone contact of zygomatic arch in reduction malarplasty, and to explore the clinical application value of mortice and tenon joint.Methods:The clinical data of patients who underwent reduction malarplasty in Sichuan Friendship Hospital and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from January 2013 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were treated with classical or modified L-shaped zygomatic arch osteotomy. According to the bone connection mode of the zygomatic arch, the patients were divided into Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ. The patients in Group Ⅰ were treated with mortice and tenon joint (from June 2017 to June 2020), and the ones in Group Ⅱ were treated with end-to-end contact (from January 2013 to May 2017). The movement between zygomatic body and zygomatic arch were measured 6-24 months after surgeries. The postoperative satisfaction rate was investigated, and the incidence of complications within 2 years after operation was recorded. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software. The measurement data were expressed by Mean±SD, and the counting data were expressed by cases (%). T-test was used to compare the age difference, zygomatic body and zygomatic arch movement distance between the two groups. Chi-square test was used to compare the sex composition ratio, postoperative satisfaction rate (sum of very satisfied and satisfied cases/sum of cases in respective group) and incidence of complications between the two groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 380 patients presenting with zygomatic protrusion were included in this retrospective study. One hundred and ninety patients were included in Group Ⅰ[22 men and 168 women; aged(26.8 ±8.6) years)] and 190 patients in Group Ⅱ [16 men and 174 women; aged (25.2 ±8.8) years)]. There was no significant difference in sex constituent ratio and age between the two groups ( P>0.05). After the operation, the width of the face was narrowed, and the contour of the face was significantly improved. The medial movement distance of zygomatic body in Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ was (2.65±0.76) mm versus (2.51±0.78) mm, and the movement distance of zygomatic arch in Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ was (4.58 ±0.44) mm versus (2.60±0.28) mm. There was no significant difference in movement distance of zygomatic body between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ ( t=1.77, P=0.077), but there was significant difference in the zygomatic arch ( t=52.33, P<0.001). The satisfaction rate of patients in Group Ⅰ was 75.8% (144/190), which was higher than that in Group Ⅱ (55.3%, 105/190) ( χ2=17.72, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infection, temporary paresthesia, and hematoma between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of facial asymmetry, sagging cheek, bone suture and nonunion in Group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in Group Ⅰ ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with end-to-end bone contact in reduction malarplasty, the mortice and tenon joint of the zygomatic arch achieved better facial narrowing effect and long-term stability, higher patient satisfaction rate and less postoperative complications.

Objective:To compare the outcomes of the total mandibular inferior border ostectomy and the T-shape genioplasty for chin narrowing combined with mandibular contouring and to assess the indications of the total mandibular inferior border ostectomy.Methods:In this retrospective study, the clinical data were collected from the patients who received mandibular contouring and chin narrowing at the Department of Orthognathic and Temporomandibular Joint Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from January 2015 to January 2019. According to the surgical procedure, patients were divided into Total inferior border ostectomy (Group I) and T-shaped genioplasty combined with mandibular contouring (Group II). Computed tomography scans, combined with medical records and photographs, were collected preoperatively and in the final follow-up postoperatively. Lower facial height, chin width, chin symmetry, facial proportions as well as patients’ satisfaction and complications were investigated to assess the clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The measurement data were expressed as Mean±SD, and the counting data were expressed as case (%). T-test was performed to compare the age difference, average satisfaction score and the relative measurements between the two groups. Pearson’s chi squared test was used to compare the sex composition ratio and complication ratio between the two groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:102 patients were involved in this study, including 42 patients in group I, 7 males and 35 females; 60 patients in group Ⅱ, 11 males and 49 females. All patients improved lower facial contours. No severe complications were observed during the follow-up period(6~24 months) Regarding appearance satisfaction, 30 cases were very satisfied, 11 cases were satisfied, and 1 case was neutral in group I. 43 cases were very satisfied, 15 cases were satisfied, and 2 cases were neutral in group II. There was no significant difference ( P >0.05) between group I and group II in age, sex, inferior lip numbness, hematoma, severe swelling, infection, soft tissue ptosisand appearance satisfaction.There was a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.01) in preoperative lower facial height [(63.05±4.15) mm vs. (52.87±4.07) mm], Preoperative lower and midfacial height ratio [(107.89±3.11) % vs. (91.29±7.94) %], and preoperative chin width and lower facial height ratio [(90.31±3.19) % vs. (104.32±5.28) %], chin width change [(12.11±2.59) mm vs. (8.39±1.89) mm], postoperative chin deviation [(0.17±0. 09)mm vs. (0.36±0.20) mm] and Postoperative chin width and lower facial height ratio [(76.80±1.85) % vs. (80.95±3.75) %]. No statistical difference ( P>0.05) was found in preoperative chin deviation, midfacial height, postoperative lower facial heigh, postoperative lower and midfacial height ratio. Conclusion:In conclusion, compared to T-shape genioplasty combined with mandibular contouring, total mandibular inferior border ostectomy had a large amount of chin narrowing and better postoperative symmetry and is well suited for a longer, wider, and more asymmetrical chin. The surgical options should be considered and chosen quantitatively to achieve aesthetically satisfactory results.