In recent years, the field of cardiovascular surgery has undergone revolutionary changes and made rapid progress in various aspects, bringing more hope and possibilities for the health and well-being of patients. The constant emergence of new technologies brings new opportunities and hope, as well as constant challenges to past concepts. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in cardiovascular surgery in recent years, especially since 2023. It introduces cutting-edge knowledge and technologies in the field of cardiovascular surgery, including lifelong management of aortic valve disease, artificial valves, mitral valves, treatment options for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, heart transplantation, left ventricular assist, coronary artery surgery, cardiac structural interventions for chronic heart failure, aortic dissection, and comprehensive surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. It also analyzes and explores future development directions in depth, aiming to provide useful references and inspiration for cardiovascular doctors and jointly promote the continuous progress of cardiovascular surgery in China.

In recent years, with the continuous development and increasing maturity of interventional techniques, interventional treatment for congenital heart disease (CHD) has been progressively disseminated to county- and city-level hospitals in China. Concurrently, the standardized management of adult CHD (particularly patent foramen ovale) and the lifelong management of complex CHD are gaining increasing clinical attention, while the emergence of new techniques and products continuously advances the discipline. This article aims to review the new progress made in the field of interventional treatment for congenital heart disease in China during 2024. It specifically reviews and analyzes the following key aspects: (1) annual statistics on interventional closure procedures for CHD; (2) recent insights into patent foramen ovale closure; (3) advances in transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement; (4) interventional treatment and lifelong management strategies for complex CHD; (5) new interventional techniques for acquired heart disease; and (6) the application of artificial intelligence in CHD management. Through the synthesis and discussion of these topics, this article seeks to provide a detailed analysis of the current landscape of interventional treatment for CHD in China and project its future development trends.

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Allergen-specific immunotherapy（AIT） remains the only therapeutic approach with the potential to modify the natural course of allergic rhinitis（AR）. Nevertheless, considerable inter-individual variability exists in patients'responses to AIT. To facilitate more reliable assessment of treatment efficacy, the China Rhinopathy Research Cooperation Group（CRRCG） convened young and middle-aged nasal experts in China to formulate the present consensus. The recommended subjective outcome measures for AIT comprise symptom scores, medication scores, combined symptom and medication scores, quality-of-life assessments, evaluation of disease control, and assessment of comorbidities. Objective indicators may supplement these measures. Currently available objective approaches include skin prick testing, nasal provocation testing, and allergen exposure chambers. However, these methods remain constrained by practical limitations and are not yet appropriate for routine implementation in clinical efficacy evaluation. In addition, several biomarkers, including sIgE and the sIgE/tIgE ratio, sIgG4, serum IgE-blocking activity, IgA, cytokines and chemokines, as well as immune cell surface molecules and their functional activity, have been shown to have associations with AIT outcomes. While these biomarkers may complement subjective assessments, they are subject to significant limitations. Consequently, large-scale multicenter trials and real-world evidence are required to strengthen the evidence base. The present consensus underscores the necessity of integrating patients'subjective experiences with objective testing throughout the treatment process, thereby providing a more comprehensive and accurate framework for efficacy evaluation. Looking forward, future investigations should prioritize the incorporation of multi-omics data and artificial intelligence methodologies, which hold promise for overcoming current limitations in assessment strategies and for advancing both the standardization and personalization of AIT.
Humans ; Allergens/immunology* ; China ; Consensus ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Immunoglobulin E ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; East Asian People

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations between Tau protein deposition and brain biochemical metabolites detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) in patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: From April, 2022 to December, 2024, 64 Tau-positive AD patients and 29 healthy individuals underwent ¹⁸F-APN-1607 PET/MR and simultaneously acquired multi-voxel ¹H-MRS in the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital. Visual analysis and voxel-based analysis of PET/MR data were performed to investigate the Tau protein deposition patterns in AD patients. Valid voxels within the ¹H-MRS field of view were selected, and their standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) in PET and metabolite levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), NAA/Cr, and Cho/Cr were recorded. The Tau-positive (Tau⁺) voxels and Tau-negative (Tau^-) voxels of the AD patients were compared for PET and ¹H-MRS parameters, and the correlations between the metabolites and Tau PET SUVr within Tau⁺ voxels were analyzed. RESULTS: Significant Tau protein deposition were observed in the AD patients, involving mainly the bilateral frontal lobes (30.07%), parietal lobes (29.96%), temporal lobes (21.07%), and occipital lobes (15.89%). A total of 1422 valid voxels in AD group (including 994 Tau⁺ and 428 Tau^- voxels) and 814 voxels in the control group were selected. The AD patients showed significantly decreased NAA level and increased SUVr compared with the control group (P<0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that Tau⁺ voxels had higher SUVr and lower Cr and Cho/Cr than Tau^- voxels (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, Tau⁺ voxels exhibited higher SUVr and lower Cr (P<0.05), while Tau^- voxels showed lower NAA (P=0.004). No significant differences were found in Cho or NAA/Cr among the subgroups (P>0.05). Within Tau⁺ voxels, NAA, Cho, and Cr were negatively correlated with SUVr (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The patients with progressive AD have significant Tau protein deposition in the brain, which is correlated with alterations in metabolite levels. Decreased NAA is more prominent in early or pre-tau deposition stages, while Cr changes is more significant in the regions with Tau protein deposition, suggesting the potential of NAA and Cr as biomarkers for Tau protein deposition in AD for disease monitoring and treatment evaluation.
Humans ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnostic imaging* ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism* ; tau Proteins/metabolism* ; Creatine/metabolism* ; Brain/metabolism* ; Biomarkers/metabolism* ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Male ; Female ; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Choline/metabolism* ; Aged ; Middle Aged

Objective:To investigate the effects of human glycolipid transfer protein(GLTP)on proliferation,migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer(PC)cells,and to elucidate their mechanisms.Methods:The difference in the expression levels of GLTP proteins between PC tissue and normal pancreas tissue was analyzed by University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Platform(UALCAN)Database,as well as the difference in the expression levels of GLTP protein between PC tissue and normal pancreas tissue of the PC patients with different clinicopathological characteristics.The PANC-1 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group(transfected with pFLAG-CMV4 plasmid)and GLTP-overexpression(GLTP-OE)group(transfected with pFLAG-GLTP plasmid).The stably GLTP transfected cells were established using the antibiotic screening method.Knock-down experiments were performed using non-specific siRNA transfected PANC-1 cells as control group and si-GLTP transfected PANC-1 cells as si-GLTP group.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression of GLTP protein in the cells in various groups,cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method was used to detect the proliferation activities of PANC-1 cells,clone formation assay was used to detect the number of clone formation,and Transwell chamber assay were used to detect the numbers of migration and invasion cells in various groups.Transcriptomics sequencing analyses were conducted to assess the possible mechanism of GLTP in the PANC-1 cells.Western blotting method was employed to detect the expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated PI3K(p-PI3K),protein kinase B(Akt),and phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt)proteins in the PANC-1 cells in various groups;Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to assess the expression levels of amphiregulin(AREG)and kinase insertion domain receptor(KDR)mRNA in the cells in various groups.The mice were randomly divided into control group(injected with pFLAG-GMV4 transfected PANC-1 cells)and experimental group(injected with pFLAG-GLTP stably transfected PANC-1 cells),and the subcutaneously transplanted tumor models were prepared;the volumes and weights of the transplanted tumors of the mice in two groups were measured.Results:UALCAN database analysis showed that the expression level of GLTP protein in PC tissue was lower than that in normal pancreas tissue(P＜0.01),and there were statistically significant differences in the GLTP protein expression between PC tissue and normal pancreas tissue of the PC patients with different cancer stages(P＜0.05),tumor grades(P＜0.05),ages(P＜0.001),and genders(P＜0.05).Compared with control group,the proliferation activity(P＜0.01)and the number of clone formation(P＜0.001)of the cells in GLTP-OE group were decreased,while the numbers of migration cells(P＜0.001)and invasion cells(P＜0.01)were decreased.In the knock-down experiment,compared with control group,the proliferation activity(P＜0.01)and the number of clone formation(P＜0.05)of the cells in GLTP-OE group were increased,while the numbers of migration cells(P＜0.001)and invasion cells(P＜0.001)were increased.Compared with control group,the tumor weight and volume of the mice in experimental group were decreased(P＜0.01),following the injection of tumor cells for a period of four weeks.In the over-expression experiment,compared with control group,the expression levels of p-PI3K(P＜0.01),p-Akt-S473(P＜0.01),and p-Akt-T308(P＜0.05)proteins in the cells in GLTP-OE group were decreased;the expression levels of AREG(P＜0.01)and KDR(P＜0.01)mRNA were decreased.In the knock-down experiment,compared with control group,the expression levels of p-PI3K(P＜0.01),p-Akt-S473(P＜0.01),and p-Akt-T308(P＜0.01)in the cells in si-GLPT group were increased,and the expression levels of AREG(P＜0.01)and KDR(P＜0.05)mRNA were increased.Conclusion:Low expression levels of GLTP in PC tissue are present.The over-expression of GLTP can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of PANC-1 cells,as well as the growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumors in the nude mice;its possible mechanism may be related to decreasing the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Hungary, as the first European country to legislate TCM, its legislation experience has significant implications for the international development of TCM. This article reviewed the historical process of TCM legislation in Hungary, summarized its legislative achievements, and analyzed the problems encountered during the implementation process. It was found that the current challenges faced by TCM legislation in Hungary mainly include constraints from the dominance of modern medicine, restrictions from strict qualification requirements, insufficient public awareness, difficulties in TCM registration, and challenges in policy coordination and cooperation. Based on these findings, the article proposed countermeasures such as improving the legal framework, strengthening educational cooperation, enhancing public awareness, promoting the mutual recognition of standards between China and Europe, and deepening China-Hungary collaboration. These measures aim to further improve the legislation and implementation of TCM in Hungary, thereby promoting the healthy development of TCM in Hungary and the global service trade of TCM.

With the pandemic of COVID-19, the World Health Organization warns that disease X is on the verge of a global outbreak, and the problem of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in medical and healthcare institutions becomes more serious. Compared with chemical disinfectants, ultraviolet light (UV), as a physical disinfection method, has received broad attention for its ability to kill a wide spectrum of microbial with high efficiency and rapidity, low drug-resistance, and direct use of the disinfected items after disinfection. Traditional low-pressure mercury UV lamps have been used to develop new disinfection equipment such as upper air disinfection systems, disinfection bracket lamps and automatic circuit disinfection vehicles. In addition, new UV disinfection lamps such as light-emitting diode (LED), pulsed xenon, and 222 nm lamps have been continuously iterated and upgraded, especially 222 nm UV lamps, which is a safer means of disinfection, and will provide new solutions for air and even object surface disinfection in the future. There is a complete set of laws, regulations and standards for disinfection products in China, as well as the maturity of new UV disinfection technologies. In view of the differences in product quality, the sensitivity of different pathogens to UV light, and the possible safety risks of using 222 nm UV light in the presence of people, this research reviews the new application of mercury UV lamp disinfection technology, the characteristics and application of new UV lamp disinfection technology, as well as the compliance, effectiveness, and safety of the new UV disinfection technology.

Objective:To systematically evaluate and integrate the qualitative research of nursing students participating in hospice care practice experience, to provide a basis for the better development of hospice care education.Methods:A computer search was conducted on the China national knowledge infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, VIP database, Wanfang Medical Database, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed for qualitative research on nursing students' participation in hospice care practices. The search period was from the establishment of the database to February 2023. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the qualitative research quality evaluation criteria of the Australian JBI Evidence Based Health Care Center. A aggregative integration method was used for result integration.Results:A total of 16 articles were included, and 46 major research results were extracted and summarized into 9 new categories, forming 4 integrated results: providing hospice care services for patients and their families; emotional experience of nursing dying patients; coping with negative experience and harvesting personal growth; needs and difficulties.Conclusions:Nursing students experience multiple emotional experiences in hospice care practice, and are eager to help and support in various aspects. It is suggested for managers to pay attention to the inner experience and needs of nursing students, improve hospice care education in China, and improve the end-of-life care ability of nursing students.

Pyran- and furanocoumarins are key representatives of tetrahydropyrans and tetrahydrofurans, respectively, exhibiting diverse physiological and medical bioactivities. However, the biosynthetic mechanisms for their core structures remain poorly understood. Here we combined multiomics analyses of biosynthetic enzymes in Peucedanum praeruptorum and in vitro functional verification and identified two types of key enzymes critical for pyran and furan ring biosynthesis in plants. These included three distinct P. praeruptorum prenyltransferases (PpPT1-3) responsible for the prenylation of the simple coumarin skeleton 7 into linear or angular precursors, and two novel CYP450 cyclases (PpDC and PpOC) crucial for the cyclization of the linear/angular precursors into either tetrahydropyran or tetrahydrofuran scaffolds. Biochemical analyses of cyclases indicated that acid/base-assisted epoxide ring opening contributed to the enzyme-catalyzed tetrahydropyran and tetrahydrofuran ring refactoring. The possible acid/base-assisted catalytic mechanisms of the identified cyclases were theoretically investigated and assessed using site-specific mutagenesis. We identified two possible acidic amino acids Glu303 in PpDC and Asp301 in PpOC as vital in the catalytic process. This study provides new enzymatic tools in the epoxide formation/epoxide-opening mediated cascade reaction and exemplifies how plants become chemically diverse in terms of enzyme function and catalytic process.