Orthokeratology is an effective intervention for myopia control in adolescents,and the precision of lens fitting and the efficacy of follow-up monitoring directly influence treatment outcomes.The conventional fitting process depends largely on physicians' subjective experience,which leads to bottlenecks such as poor consistency in lens fitting and insufficient quantitative evaluation of therapeutic effects.In recent years,artificial intelligence has achieved groundbreaking progress in the field of medical image analysis,offering new options for the fitting of orthokeratology lenses.This article reviews the application and research advances of machine learning in orthokeratology lens fitting as reported in recent publications indexed in PubMed and Web of Science,aiming to provide a reference for future research.

Objective To investigate the influence of oxygen supply flow rate in high-flow nasal cannula(HFNC)oxygen therapy on pressure distributions in the upper airway.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)model of the upper airway was reconstructed using CT images from an adult male,and then coupled with a high-flow nasal cannula model to establish a coupled model of the nasal cannula and the upper airway.Subsequently,a physical model of this upper airway,which was combined with a head model,artificial lungs,and a monitoring system was created by 3D printing technology to form a physical simulation platform in vitro.Computational and physical simulations were carried out respectively to determine the air pressure at typical locations in the upper airway under different oxygen supply flow rates.Results Pressures at typical upper airway locations obtained by computational and physical simulations turned out to be in good agreement;both peak inspirational pressure(PIP)and positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)increased quadratically with the increase of oxygen supply flow rate;and the air pressure distribution was more uniform in the laryngeal cross-section as compared to the nasal part of the upper airway.Conclusions This study may provide a theoretical support for optimization of the setting of oxygen suppy flow rate and the selection of PEEP effect assessment position in the clinical application of HFNC oxygen therapy.

Objective To investigate the influence of oxygen supply flow rate in high-flow nasal cannula(HFNC)oxygen therapy on pressure distributions in the upper airway.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)model of the upper airway was reconstructed using CT images from an adult male,and then coupled with a high-flow nasal cannula model to establish a coupled model of the nasal cannula and the upper airway.Subsequently,a physical model of this upper airway,which was combined with a head model,artificial lungs,and a monitoring system was created by 3D printing technology to form a physical simulation platform in vitro.Computational and physical simulations were carried out respectively to determine the air pressure at typical locations in the upper airway under different oxygen supply flow rates.Results Pressures at typical upper airway locations obtained by computational and physical simulations turned out to be in good agreement;both peak inspirational pressure(PIP)and positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)increased quadratically with the increase of oxygen supply flow rate;and the air pressure distribution was more uniform in the laryngeal cross-section as compared to the nasal part of the upper airway.Conclusions This study may provide a theoretical support for optimization of the setting of oxygen suppy flow rate and the selection of PEEP effect assessment position in the clinical application of HFNC oxygen therapy.

Constructing functional microvascular networks in vitro represents a pivotal step in the creation of engineered tissues,organ-on-chip models,and organoids,holding profound implications for tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,drug screening,and disease modeling.As a cutting-edge bio-manufacturing approach,bioprinting enables the precise deposition of biomaterials,cells,and bioactive molecules to fabricate intricate microvascular networks that faithfully replicate the geometric architecture and functional properties of native microvasculature.This review summarizes the research progress in bioprinting microvascular networks,with a focus on bioprinting technologies,bioinks,and the biomechanical functional evaluation of microvascular networks.

The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Renshen Pingfei San,formulated by Li Dongyuan,a physician of the Earth-Tonifying School during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,is a classic prescription for invigorating qi and clearing the lungs,and was originally used to treat lung atrophy due to the punishment of the lung by heart fire.Later physicians have expanded its applications.By sorting out the origins and development of this prescription,comparing its formulation and compatibility characteristics with Xiebai San,and the evolved formulations and expanded application scope in later generations,support is provided for the clinical application of Renshen Pingfei San.

Renshen Pingfei San,formulated by Li Dongyuan,a physician of the Earth-Tonifying School during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,is a classic prescription for invigorating qi and clearing the lungs,and was originally used to treat lung atrophy due to the punishment of the lung by heart fire.Later physicians have expanded its applications.By sorting out the origins and development of this prescription,comparing its formulation and compatibility characteristics with Xiebai San,and the evolved formulations and expanded application scope in later generations,support is provided for the clinical application of Renshen Pingfei San.

Constructing functional microvascular networks in vitro represents a pivotal step in the creation of engineered tissues,organ-on-chip models,and organoids,holding profound implications for tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,drug screening,and disease modeling.As a cutting-edge bio-manufacturing approach,bioprinting enables the precise deposition of biomaterials,cells,and bioactive molecules to fabricate intricate microvascular networks that faithfully replicate the geometric architecture and functional properties of native microvasculature.This review summarizes the research progress in bioprinting microvascular networks,with a focus on bioprinting technologies,bioinks,and the biomechanical functional evaluation of microvascular networks.

Objective To evaluate the effect of helmet on biomechanical responses of pilot's intervertebral disc under vibration environment.Methods A porous media finite element model of C5-6 segment was established based on the computed tomography(CT)images of an adult.Four loading conditions(A,B,C helmets and No helmet)were applied to the validated model with a duration of 3 600 s for vibration analysis.Considering the effects of vibration frequency,the maximum porous pressure(MPP)and maximum principal stress(MPS)of nucleus pulposus(NP)and annulus substance(AS)were obtained.Results The MPP of NP and AS decreased and became stable under the same vibration frequency.The MPS of NP and AS for B helmet was the maximum,followed by C helmet,A helmet and No helmet.The curve of MPS for B helmet was higher than that of C helmet,A helmet and No helmet.At the vibration frequency of 5 Hz and 9 Hz,the MPS of AS under four helmet conditions increased with time,and reached a constant value after 1 200 s.Under the same helmet condition,after loading for 1 200-2 400 s,the MPS of NP at 9 Hz vibration frequency was higher than that at 5 Hz and 1 Hz.The MPS of AS at 9 Hz and 5 Hz was close to each other,and both were higher than that at 1 Hz.Conclusions The helmet has an important effect on the MPP of NP and AS,and the increase of vibration frequency will lead to the increase of the MPS of AS.