[Purpose]To analyze the trend of gastric cancer incidence and age characteristics in Jiangsu cancer registration areas from 2009 to 2019.[Methods]Cancer registration data from 2009 to 2019 meeting quality control requirements were collected from 16 cancer registries in Jiangsu Province.The crude incidence rate and age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population in 2000(ASIRC)were calculated by gender,urban/rural areas and age groups.The inci-dence trends were analyzed by Joinpoint.A birth cohort model was constructed to calculate the in-cidence rate of gastric cancer for men and women born between 1929 and 2019.The age composi-tion of gastric cancer incidence in Jiangsu Province between 2009 and 2019 was calculated and compared.[Results]The crude incidence rate and ASIRC of gastric cancer in Jiangsu cancer regi-stration areas from 2009 to 2019 showed a significant decreasing trend in both male and female or urban and rural areas,in which the decrease in male(AAPC=-1.28％,P＜0.001)was higher than that of female(AAPC=-1.17％,P=0.030),and the decrease in urban(AAPC=-1.66％,P＜0.001)was higher than that of rural(AAPC=-0.72％,P＜0.001).The incidence rates of gastric cancer in age groups of 40～79 years old showed a significant decreasing trend from 2009 to 2019 with the AAPC ranging from-6.75％to-3.54％(all P＜0.05).In age groups of 40～79 years old,the inci-dence rates of gastric cancer among people with different years of birth showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the birth year.For ASIRC,the composition of patients aged 60 years old above increased by 0.63％(95％CI:0.46％～0.81％)per year from 2009 to 2019.[Conclusion]The inci-dence rate of gastric cancer in cancer registration areas of Jiangsu Province from 2009 to 2019 showed a decreasing trend,the average age of incidence showed a trend of backward moving,and for age-standardized incidence the proportion of patients over 60 years old was increased.

Objective To determine the appropriate time to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)for acute calculous cholecystitis.Methods The clinical data of 125 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis who underwent LC between Jan.2018 and Dec.2021 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the interval time from symptom onset to operation,all patients were divided into 2 groups:immediate group(43 cases)who underwent LC within 24 hours and delayed group(82 cases)who underwent LC in 25-72 h.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,conversion to laparotomy,postoperative complications,postoperative hospitalization days and hospitalization expenses between the two groups were compared.Results The operation time,intraoperative blood loss of immediate group were lower than those of delayed group[50(45,65)min vs 65(55,95)min,10(10,20)ml vs 20(10,30)ml,P＜0.05].There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to incision infection,bile leak and biliary duct injury(4.7％vs13.4％,2.3％vs 2.4％,2.3％vs 1.2％,P＞0.05),but the total rate of postoperative complications in immediate group reduced significantly(9.3％vs 29.3％,P＜0.05).No mortality occurred in either group.Both of postoperative hospitalization days and direct medical costs reduced in immediate group[5(5,7)d vs 7(6,7)d,6 503(6 231,7 749)yuan vs 7 056(6 448,9 105)yuan,P＜0.05].Conclusion LC for the operable patient with acute calculous cholecystitis,during 24 h from onset of symptom,significantly reduced the operation time,intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay without increasing the rate of bile leak and biliary duct injury.

Objective:To prepare recombinant protein of group 36 allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae(Der f 36),to deter-mine its immunogenicity and bioinformatics analysis was performed.Methods:Nucleic acid sequence coding for Der f 36 was obtained and artificially synthesized,pET-28a(+)was inserted to construct pET-28a(+)-Der f 36 plasmid and transformed into BL21(DE3)receptor cells.After expressed and purified in BL21(DE3),recombinant allergen rDer f 36 was obtained,recombinant protein rDer f 36 was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Serum IgE binding rates of rDer f 36 was determined by IgE-ELISA.Cross-reactivity between rDer f 36 and rDer p 36 was detected by IgE-ELISA inhibition assay.HNEpC cells were cultured with rDer f 36 for 24 h and cytokines were detected.Bioinformatics softwares were used to analyze physicochemical properties and structures of Der f 36 and Der p 36.Results:Coding gene for Der f 36 was obtained with a total length of 690 bp,whose molecular weight was 25.6 kD;serum IgE binding rate of rDer f 36 was 42.1%by IgE-ELISA;IgE-ELISA inhibition assay showed that rDer p 36 had 40%(8/20)inhibition rate(>50%)for rDer f 36,with an average inhibition rate of 52.98%.Compared with control group,HNEpC cells cultured with rDer f 36 showed that IL-6,IL-8,IL-33,IL-25 and TSLP expressions had increased;bioinformatics analyses show that sequence consistency of Der f 36 and Der p 36 was 77.63%,with similar physicochemical properties.Secondary structure analysis showed that both of them contained α helix,β-turn and random coils,and content of random coils was the highest;structure of C2 domains was also highly overlapping(RMSD=0.046).Conclusion:Recombinant allergen rDer f 36 is successfully prepared with good immunogenicity,laying foundation for diagnosis and treatment of dust mite allergen single component.High similarity in physical and chemical properties,secondary structure,and tertiary structure between Der f 36 and Der p 36 determines their cross reactivity.

Objective:To prepare recombinant protein of group 27 allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae(Der f 27),and to determine its immunoactivity.Methods:pET-28a(+)-Der f 27 plasmid was constructed and inserted into E.coli BL21(DE3)cells.After being expressed and purified,recombinant allergen rDer f 27 was obtained.IgE binding rates of rDer f 27 with sera from patients with allergic rhinitis induced by Dermatophagoides farinae was determined by ELISA and Western blot.PBMC from patients with allergic rhinitis and BESA-2B cells were cultured with rDer f 27 for 24 h,respectively,and cytokine expression was measured.Bioinformatics softwares were used to analyze physicochemical properties and structures of Der f 27.Results:pET-28a(+)-Der f 27 plasmids were prepared successfully and transformed into BL21(DE3)cells.After expressed and purified with PTG,SDS-PAGE and Western blot identified a band about 48 kD.IgE binding rates of rDer f 27 were 39.5%and 45.5%with sera from patients with allergic rhinitis allergic to Dermatophagoides farinae by IgE-ELISA and IgE-Western blot,respectively.Compared with control group,IL-6 and IL-8 expressions were increased in PBMC from patients with allergic rhinitis being cultured with rDer f 27(P<0.05);expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β were decreased in BESA-2B cells being cultured with rDer f 27,while IL-17A and IL-23A expressions were increased.Bioinformatics analysis showed that Der f 27 belong to serine protease inhibitor family and had universal structure and func-tion of this family.Secondary structure of Der f 27 was mainly composed of α-helix(42.62%)and random coil(35.60%).Conclusion:Recombinant allergen rDer f 27 has been prepared successfully with good immunoreactivity and immunogenicity,becoming one of important allergens of allergic rhinitis.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and therapeutic efficacy of central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis.Methods:The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, neuroimaging features, treatment and prognosis of 37 cases of CNS aspergillosis diagnosed and treated in the First Medical Center of People′s Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2000 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the correlation between intracranial lesions and paranasal sinus lesions, they were divided into two groups: rhino-cerebral aspergillosis (RA, n=21) group and cerebral aspergillosis (CA, n=16) group. Results:Only 16.2% (6/37) of CNS aspergillosis patients had a clear background of immunosuppression, but 35.1% (13/37) were complicated with diabetes. The most common clinical manifestations were headache (73.0%, 27/37), cranial nerve involvement (59.5%, 22/37) and fever (37.8%, 14/37). Cerebrospinal fluid characteristics included increased pressure (53.8%, 14/26), increased white blood cell count (46.7%, 14/30), decreased glucose (30.0%, 9/30), increased protein (70.0%, 21/30), and high positive results of the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of pathogenic microorganism (7/10). Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed that commonly involved sites were sinus, orbital apex, posterior orbit, cavernous sinus (43.2%, 16/37) and cerebral lobes (27.0%, 10/37). Treatment options included antifungal drugs alone (64.9%, 24/37), combination of drugs and surgery (27.0%, 10/37) and surgery alone (8.1%, 3/37). Compared with the CA group, RA group had fewer males [47.6% (10/21) vs 14/16, χ2=6.34, P=0.012] and older age [(54.2±19.4) years vs (38.4±18.4) years, t=2.50, P=0.017], and was more prone to headache [85.7% (18/21) vs 9/16, χ2=4.00, P=0.046) and cranial nerve involvement [81.0% (17/21) vs 5/16, χ 2=9.31, P=0.006]. The misdiagnosis rate of these patients in the early stage was 73.0% (27/37). A total of 29 patients (85.3%, 29/34) were treated with voriconazole successively, and the course of treatment was 3.0 (0.5, 10.4) months. Compared with salvage therapy, the mortality of primary therapy was lower (4/17 vs 9/12, χ2=7.54, P=0.006). All patients were followed up to December 2021, and 17 patients died, with a mortality rate of 45.9% (17/37). Conclusions:CNS aspergillosis may have no definite immunosuppressive background. Some of CNS aspergillosis patients are complicated with diabetes, and the clinical manifestations of the disease lack specificity, with high misdiagnosis rate in the early stage, no inflammatory changes in cerebrospinal fluid, and high positive rate of mNGS for pathogenic microorganism. Early and long-term application of voriconazole can significantly reduce the mortality rate.

Although multifarious tumor-targeting modifications of nanoparticulate systems have been attempted in joint efforts by our predecessors, it remains challenging for nanomedicine to traverse physiological barriers involving blood vessels, tissues, and cell barriers to thereafter demonstrate excellent antitumor effects. To further overcome these inherent obstacles, we designed and prepared mycoplasma membrane (MM)-fused liposomes (LPs) with the goal of employing circulating neutrophils with the advantage of inflammatory cytokine-guided autonomous tumor localization to transport nanoparticles. We also utilized in vivo neutrophil activation induced by the liposomal form of the immune activator resiquimod (LPs-R848). Fused LPs preparations retained mycoplasma pathogen characteristics and achieved rapid recognition and endocytosis by activated neutrophils stimulated by LPs-R848. The enhanced neutrophil infiltration in homing of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment allowed more nanoparticles to be delivered into solid tumors. Facilitated by the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), podophyllotoxin (POD)-loaded MM-fused LPs (MM-LPs-POD) were concomitantly released from neutrophils and subsequently engulfed by tumor cells during inflammation. MM-LPs-POD displayed superior suppression efficacy of tumor growth and lung metastasis in a 4T1 breast tumor model. Overall, such a strategy of pathogen-mimicking nanoparticles hijacking neutrophils in situ combined with enhanced neutrophil infiltration indeed elevates the potential of chemotherapeutics for tumor targeting therapy.

Objective:To establish a quantitative detection method for the main components of dust mite allergens Der p 1, Der p 2 specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) by using the nano-magnetic particle chemiluminescence immunoassay.Methods:The performance indexes of the established method were evaluated after setting up and optimizing the chemiluminescence detection system and immune reaction conditions of sIgE for dust mite allergen. Serum sIgE levels of 50 suspected allergic patients with dust mite were determined by this chemiluminescence method. At the same time, this method was compared with the Phadia kit and the consistency was analyzed by Kappa test. Results:The optimal amount of magnetic beads was 25 μg, the optimal reaction buffer (pH=7.4) contained 0.1 mol/L Tris-HCl and 0.25%( W/ W) casein, the optimal coating solution contatined 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer (PB) and 1%( W/ W) bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the luminescence enhancement solution contained 0.05%( V/ V) Triton X-100. The two-step immunoreaction was adopted, and the detection could be completed with 20 μl sample at the optimal reaction temperature of 37℃. The limit of detection (LOD) of the established nano-magnetic particle chemiluminescence system in detecting Der p 1 and Der p 2 sIgE antibodies were both less than 0.01 kU/L, with the linear range of 0.2-100.0 kU/L, the precision of less than 7%, and the cross contamination rate of 0.19% and 0.21%. Compared with the Phadia system, the positive and negative coincidence rate of Der p 1 were 78.0%(32/41) and 9/9 with good consistency ( Kappa=0.65, P=0.008), and the positive and negative coincidence rate of Der P 2 were 93.3%(28/30) and 85.0%(17/20) with good consistency ( Kappa=0.79, P=0.003). Conclusion:The nano-magnetic particle chemiluminescence immunoassay is successfully established for detecting dust mite allergen sIgE, which has good detection performance and good consistency with Phadia system.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) versus plasmakinetic resection of the prostate (PKRP) in the treatment of patients with giant benign prostatic hyperplasia and their effects on erectile function. Methods:A total of 100 patients with GBPH who received treatment in the General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd., from February 2017 to January 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo either PKRP (PKRP group, n = 50) or TURP (TURP group, n = 50). Perioperative indicators were recorded. Urodynamic indicators and serum indicators pre- and post-operation were compared between the two groups. Erectile function and quality of life were compared between the two groups. The incidences of postoperative complications such as erectile dysfunction, urinary incontinence and urethral stricture were calculated. Results:Operative time, hospital stay, catheter indwelling time, and intraoperative blood loss in the PKRP group were significantly shorter and less than those in the TURP group ( t = 14.35, 8.74, 6.20, 8.34, all P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in residual urine volume and maximum urine flow rate measured before surgery between the two groups ( t = 0.59, 0.73, both P > 0.05). After surgery, residual urine volume decreased and maximum urine flow rate increased in each group. Residual urine volume was significantly lower and maximum urine flow rate was significantly higher in the PKRP group compared with the TURP group ( t = 19.85, 11.67, both P < 0.001). Before surgery, there were no significant differences in serum prostate-specific antigen and free prostate-specific antigen between the two groups ( t = 0.43, 0.33, both P > 0.05). After surgery, both serum prostate-specific antigen and free prostate-specific antigen decreased in each group, and both serum prostate-specific antigen and free prostate-specific antigen were significantly lower in the PKRP group than those in the TURP group ( t = 16.01, 5.09, both P < 0.001). Before surgery, there were no significant differences in quality of life (QOL) score and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score between the two groups ( t = 0.62, 0.63, both P > 0.05). After surgery, IIEF score was increased and QOL score was decreased in each group. After surgery, IIEF score in the PKRP group was significantly higher than that in the TURP group [(25.06 ± 3.61) points vs. (21.52 ± 3.05) points, t = 5.29, P < 0.001], and QOL score in the PKRP group was significantly lower than that in the TURP group [(1.05 ± 0.18) points vs. (1.58 ± 0.29) points, t = 5.29, 10.98, both P < 0.001]. The incidence of complications in the PKRP group was significantly lower than that in the TURP group ( χ2 = 5.98, P < 0.05). Conclusion:This study investigated the effects of TURP versus PKRP on giant benign prostatic hyperplasia from the aspects including erectile function, QOL, and perioperative indicators. This study is of certain innovation. Findings from this study confirm that both PKRP and TURP can improve erectile function, serum indicators, and urodynamic indicators in patients with giant benign prostatic hyperplasia. PKRP is preferred because it is less invasive, results in better improvements in erectile function, serum indicators, and urodynamic indicators, and has fewer complications than TURP.

In the past ten years, the research and application of microbiome has continued to increase. The microbiome has gradually become the research focus in the fields of life science, environmental science, and medicine. Meanwhile, many countries and organizations around the world are launching their own microbiome projects and conducting a multi-faceted layout, striving to gain a strategic position in this promising field. In addition, whether it is scientific research or industrial applications, there has been a climax of research and a wave of investment and financing, accordingly, products and services related to the microbiome are constantly emerging. However, due to the rapid development of microbiome sequencing and analysis related technologies and methods, the research and application from various countries have not yet unified on the standards of technology, programs, and data. Domestic industry participants also have insufficient understanding of the microbiome. New methods, technologies, and theories have not yet been fully accepted and used. In addition, some of the existing standards and guidelines are too general with poor practicality. This not only causes obstacles in the integration of scientific research data and waste of resources, but also gives related companies unfair competition opportunity. More importantly, China still lacks national standards related to the microbiome, and the national microbiome project is still in the process of preparation. In this context, the experts and practitioners of the microbiome worked together and developed the consensus of experts. It can not only guide domestic scientific research and industrial institutions to regulate the production, learning and research of the microbiome, the application can also provide reference technical basis for the relevant national functional departments, protect the scale and standardized corporate company's interests, strengthen industry self-discipline, avoid unregulated enterprises from disrupting the market, and ultimately promote the benign development of microbiome-related industries.
China ; Consensus ; Humans ; Industry ; Microbiota

Objective: To establish a nanometer magnetic particle chemiluminescence methodfor the detection of specific IgE antibodies to Tyrophagus putrefaciens allergen. Methods: According to the routine operation steps of chemiluminescence, chemiluminescence reaction system and suitable immune reaction conditions for detection of specific IgE of Tyrophagus putrescentiae allergen are established. Considering the performance of the chemiluminescence method established in this paper, the American Somerfly Phadia method wasused as the gold standard to evaluate the test performance of the established chemiluminescence method. Results: In thechemiluminescence reaction system, Luminol concentration in luminescent substrate A solution is 0.4 mg/ml, Urea hydrogen peroxidein luminescent substrate B solutionis 0.2 mg/ml.The sensitivity of this luminescent reaction system to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is very high, the minimum detectable HRP is 0.01 ng/ml.In the immune response, the room temperature light-shielding reaction was detected for 5 min after the addition of substrates A and B, and the detection values were effective within 5-30 min. 37 ℃ is optimum luminescence reaction temperature. Choose the range of 0.35-100 IU/ml as the standard curve. According to the results of 120 clinical trials, using Phadia (immunofluorescence method) as the gold standard, the chemiluminescence method established in this study has significant significance for the detection of Tyrophagus putrescentiae allergen. Conclusion A nanometer magnetic particle chemiluminescence method was successfully established for the detection of specific IgE antibodies to Tyrophagus putrescentiae allergen.