ObjectiveTo observe the short-term and long-term efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） surgical operations in treating mixed hemorrhoids. MethodsA multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted， collecting clinical data from 17，831 mixed hemorrhoid surgery patients in 8 top-tier TCM hospitals in Jiangsu Province. Standardized and structured datasets were obtained through artificial intelligence models. Patients who underwent western surgical treatment were categorized into the western surgery group （11,646 cases）， and those receiving TCM surgical operations were categorized into the TCM surgery group （6185 cases）. Propensity score matching （1∶1 matching） was used to balance baseline data between groups. The primary outcome was the one-year recurrence rate， and secondary outcomes included the main symptoms （rectal bleeding， degree of prolapse） and secondary symptoms （anal distension， anal edema， wound secretion and exudation， anal stenosis， residual skin tags， perianal itching， and anal pain） measured on days 7， 28， and 60 after discharge. ResultsAfter matching， 2194 patients were included in each group. Symptom scores showed that at 28 days after discharge， the TCM surgical group had superior improvement in rectal bleeding ［OR=5.786， 95%CI （3.092，10.827）］， degree of prolapse ［OR=4.510， 95%CI （1.649，12.333）］， and anal edema ［OR=3.188， 95%CI （1.295，7.845）］ compared to the western surgical group. At 60 days post-discharge， the TCM group still showed advantages in improving rectal bleeding ［OR=5.237， 95%CI （1.077，25.464）］ and anal pain ［OR=11.697， 95%CI （1.186，115.336）］ （P＜0.05）. Long-term follow-up showed that the one-year recurrence rate in the TCM surgery group was 1.1% （8/726）， while that in the western surgery group was 2.3% （10/444）， with no statistically significant difference between the two groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionBased on real-world data， TCM surgical treatment for mixed hemorrhoids shows significant short-term symptom improvement， particularly in terms of hemostasis， reducing swelling， and alleviating prolapse of anal masses.

OBJECTIVE To explore the ameliorative effect and potential mechanism of vitexin on inflammation in ulcerative colitis （UC） mice. METHODS The UC mice model was established by continuous administration of 3% dextran sulfate sodium solution for 5 days. Mice with successful modeling were randomly divided into UC group， vitexin low- and high-dose groups （vitexin-L and vitexin-H groups， 40， 80 mg/kg）， mesalazine group （400 mg/kg）， and vitexin-H+recombinant Jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 （rJagged-1） group （vitexin-H+rJagged-1 group， 80 mg/kg vitexin+1 mg/kg rJagged-1）， with 12 mice in each group. Another 12 normal mice were used as the control （CK） group. Mice in each group were administered the corresponding drugs or the corresponding drugs and normal saline by gavage and intraperitoneal injection once daily for 7 consecutive days. General conditions were observed during the experiment. At 24 h after the last administration， the disease activity index （DAI） score was evaluated. Colonic histopathological morphology was observed and scored. Macrophage polarization levels in the spleen and colon tissues were measured. The protein expressions of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-10， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， transforming growth factor-β 1 （TGF-β 1 ）， Jagged-1， Notch1 and Notch intracellular domain （NICD） in colonic tissues were determined. RESULTS Compared with the UC group， the symptoms （reduced food and water intake， dull fur， etc.） and pathological changes （epithelial cell shedding， inflammatory cell infiltration， etc.） were significantly improved in the vitexin-L， vitexin-H and mesalazine groups. DAI scores， colonic histopathological scores， M1 macrophage contents in spleen tissue， M1/M2 macrophage ratios， M1 macrophage proportions in colon tissue， and protein expressions of IL-6， TNF-α， Jagged-1， Notch1 and NICD in colon tissue were significantly decreased （ P ＜0.05）. Meanwhile， the M2 macrophage contents in spleen tissue， M2 macrophage proportions in colon tissue， and protein expressions of IL-10 and TGF-β 1 in colon tissue were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. Moreover， the improvement effects in the vitexin-H and mesalazine groups were significantly superior to those in the vitexin-L group （ P ＜0.05）. Compared with the vitexin-H group， the above symptoms and pathological changes were aggravated， and all quantitative indicators were significantly reversed in the vitexin-H+rJagged-1 group （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Vitexin can ameliorate the inflammation of UC mice， which is associated with its inhibition of the Jagged-1/Notch1 pathway and regulation of macrophage polarization （inhibition of M1-type polarization and promotion of M2-type polarization）.

Objective To construct and compare logistic regression and decision tree models for predicting systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients with type B aortic dissection (TBAD) after interventional surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of TBAD patients at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from 2020 to 2024. The patients were divided into a SIRS group and a non SIRS group based on whether SIRS occurred within 24 hours after surgery. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of SIRS occurrence in TBAD intervention patients, and a decision tree model was constructed using SPSS Modeler to compare the predictive performance of the two models. Results A total of 742 patients with TBAD were included, including 579 males and 163 females, aged 27-97 (58.85±10.79) years. Within 24 hours after intervention, a total of 506 patients developed SIRS, with an incidence rate of 68.19%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the extensive involvement of the dissection, the surgical time≥2 hours, PET coated stents implanted, serum creatinine, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, monocyte (MONO), neutrophil count levels elevated, estimated glomerular filtration rate and decreased albumin levels were independent risk factors for SIRS (P<0.05). The decision tree model selected a total of 10 explanatory variables and 6 layers with 37 nodes, among which MONO was the most important predictor. The area under the decision tree model curve was 0.829 [95%CI (0.800, 0.856)], which was better than the logistic regression model's 0.690 [95%CI (0.655, 0.723)], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion The incidence of SIRS after TBAD intervention is high, and the decision tree model has better predictive performance than logistic regression. It can identify high-risk patients with higher accuracy and provide a practical tool for early clinical intervention.

Objective To evaluate the viral composition in respiratory samples from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Yancheng，Jiangsu province，between January 2024 and June 2025 using metagenomic next-generation sequencing（mNGS）.Methods:A total of 247 respiratory specimens，including throat swabs，sputum，and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid，were collected from 247 hospitalized children in Yancheng，Jiangsu province，during the study period. The viral composition in these samples was detected and analyzed using mNGS technology.Results:Among the 247 cases，there were 136 cases of pneumonia（including 4 cases of severe pneumonia），45 cases of bronchopneumonia，27 cases of upper respiratory tract infection，and 39 cases of bronchitis. The ages of the patients ranged from 41 days to 14 years，with a median age of 3 years. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the positive detection rate for viruses in the respiratory samples was 89.88%（222/247），The detection rate of viruses causing respiratory tract infections was 69.23%（171/247），With RNA viruses detected in 71.65%（177/247）of the cases and DNA viruses in 43.32%（107/247）. The top three viruses detected were rhinovirus（24.29%，60/247），human herpesvirus 7（HHV-7）（21.86%，54/247），and influenza A H1N1（20.24%，50/247）. The common detected viruses that cause respiratory infections are rhinovirus（24.29%），influenza A virus H1N1（20.24%），RSV（17.81%），metapneumovirus（10.53%），enterovirus（6.88%），parainfluenza virus（6.07%），bocavirus（6.07%），coronavirus（2.43%），and adenovirus（2.43%）. In children with pneumonia，the top two respiratory viruses detected were rhinovirus（19.85%，27/136）and influenza A H1N1（16.91%，23/136）. In children with bronchopneumonia，the main viruses detected were rhinovirus（31.11%，14/45）and respiratory syncytial virus（24.44%，11/45）. In children with upper respiratory tract infections，the main viruses detected were influenza A H1N1（33.33%，9/27）and rhinovirus（25.93%，7/27）. In children with bronchitis，the main viruses detected were rhinovirus（30.77%，12/39）and respiratory syncytial virus（25.64%，10/39）. Among the 4 cases of severe pneumonia，the viruses detected were influenza A H1N1（2/4），respiratory syncytial virus（1/4），and bocavirus（1/4）.Conclusion:mNGS analysis revealed a high positive detection rate of respiratory viruses（89.88%）in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Yancheng，Jiangsu，from January 2024 to June 2025，with influenza A H1N1 and rhinovirus being the most predominant.

Objective:To digitally measure the three-dimensional (3D) size of primary tooth crowns and the dimensions of the dental arch in children with individual normal primary dentition, preliminarily obtaining baseline data on the 3D size of primary tooth crowns as well as the length and width of the dental arch, and their influence factors. This study aims to provide a data foundation for the design of reference models for primary dentition.Methods:From May to June 2021, 122 caries-free children aged 3.5-4.5 years with individual normal occlusion were selected from five kindergartens in Haidian District, Beijing. Impressions were taken and plaster models were cast. After preliminary screening, 67 eligible models were scanned to obtain digital dental models. Digital measurement software was used for landmark-based measurements. Parameters included 3D crown dimensions (mesiodistal diameter, buccolingual diameter, and occlusogingival height), dental arch dimensions (length and width at specific regions), and occlusal measurements (overjet and overbite at the primary central incisors, and Bolton index for anterior and full dentition). Gender differences in crown dimensions and bilateral symmetry of homologous teeth, as well as the correlations between arch dimensions and gender, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed.Results:The homonymous teeth of 67 children exhibited strong bilateral symmetry in all 3D dimensions ( P>0.05). Gender differences were observed in the buccolingual dimension for all deciduous molars except for the right mandibular first deciduous molar ( P<0.05). For the occlusogingival dimension, gender differences were found in the right maxillary first and second deciduous molars, left maxillary first deciduous molar, and left mandibular first and second deciduous molars ( P<0.05). For the mesiodistal dimension, only the left mandibular second deciduous molar and right mandibular deciduous canine showed gender differences ( P<0.05). All significant differences above indicated larger dimensions in boys compared to girls. In both maxillary and mandibular arches, the lengths and widths at various locations were significantly larger in boys than in girls ( P<0.05). Univariate correlation analysis revealed that body weight was positively correlated with the width of the terminal plane in both the maxilla and mandible and the total length of the mandibular dental arch, while BMI was positively correlated with the width of the maxillary terminal plane and the widths at all measured sites in the mandible ( P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that, after controlling for relevant variables, BMI was a significant positive predictor for the lengths and widths at various sites of the dental arch ( P<0.05), and height was a positive predictor for dental arch length ( P<0.05), as well as body weight was a positive predictor for the width in the molar region ( P<0.05). Overjet at the primary central incisors was 2.28 (1.57, 2.66) mm, and overbite was 1.13 (0.75, 1.92) mm. The anterior Bolton index was 0.79±0.03, and the overall Bolton index was 0.94±0.03. Conclusions:Primary tooth crowns of individual normal occlusion children demonstrate strong bilateral symmetry in homologous teeth. Most primary molars exhibit gender differences in buccolingual and occlusogingival dimensions, with larger values in boys. Arch dimensions (length and width) are consistently larger in boys.

Objective:To explore the influence of quality sensitive indicator optimization process management combined with information traceability system on management quality for external medical apparatuses in central sterile supply department(CSSD),so as to realize comprehensive,accurate and efficient management for external medical apparatuses.Methods:The quality sensitive indicators of management for external medical apparatuses were determined,and information traceability system was applied to record the information of apparatuses,and the management measures were optimized from retrieving,cleaning,packaging,sterilization and distribution one by one to manage apparatuses.A total of 400 external apparatuses that were cleaned and sterilized at CSSD of Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected.The 200 external medical apparatuses from January 2022 to January 2023 were managed by conventional management mode,and other 200 external medical apparatuses from February 2023 to January 2024 were managed by quality sensitive indicator optimization process management combined with information traceability system(combined management mode).The two management modes were compared in terms of management quality scores,management effects,incidence rates of adverse events and incidence rates of nosocomial infection for external medical apparatuses,as well as the theoretical and operational achievement results of CSSD staffs in each link.Results:The management quality scores of combined management mode for external medical apparatuses in the links of cleaning,sterilization,packaging,storage and distribution were respectively(18.05±1.05)points,(18.23±0.62)points,(17.13±1.01)points,(16.30±1.15)points and(17.08±1.02)points,which were higher than those of conventional management mode(t=11.454,3.738,5.517,4.094,7.375,P<0.05).The qualified rates of cleaning,disassembly,assembly,and the time of delivering apparatuses were higher than those of conventional management mode,while the error rate of packaging was lower than that of conventional management mode(x2=11.308,21.711,23.236,18.254,8.688,P<0.05).Both of theoretical and operational achievement results of CSSD staffs were higher than those of conventional management mode,and the differences were significant(t=4.132,4.363,P<0.05).The total incidence rate of adverse events and incidence rate of nosocomial infection were lower than those of conventional management mode,and the differences were significant(x2=13.474,4.230,P<0.05).Conclusion:The quality sensitive indicator optimization process management combined with information traceability system can significantly improve the management quality and management efficiency of CSSD for external medical apparatuses,and reduce the risk of occurring adverse events,and enhance business knowledge level and operational skills of CSSD staff.

Based on the core collection retrieval of the Web of Science database,researches related to the medicinal field of plant-derived vesicles(PDVs)were retrieved.The research hotspots and their changes in the pharmaceutical field of PDVs are visually analyzed by using bibliometric software VOSviewer and CiteSpace.A detailed discussion is held around the author,institution,country,key research hotspots and annual develop-ment hotspots,revealing the current research status of PDVs in the pharmaceutical field and predicting future trends,which provides valuable perspectives for researchers to understand the current research status of PDVs in the pharmaceutical field and discover possible unexplored areas in this field.

Radiotherapy is a crucial component of the treatment of tumors. In addition to directly causing DNA damage in tumor cells and inducing cell apoptosis, radiotherapy is also involved in the regulation of systemic immune status. Increasing evidence indicates that radiotherapy can remodel the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and reverse the immunosuppressive state, thereby enhancing anti-tumor effects and demonstrating stronger immune responses and therapeutic benefits when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Taking lung cancer as an example to explore the impacts and potential mechanisms of radiotherapy on the TIME and anti-tumor immunity, which can provide a scientific basis for optimizing the treatment strategies of lung cancer.

Objective To explore the effect of Osthole on neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease(AD)by regulating the lactylation of pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2).Methods(1)Animal experiments:18 mice were divided into three groups,namely wild-type(WT)group,APP/PS1 group and APP/PS1+Osthole group.Learning-and memory-related biobehavioral indicators were compared among the three groups.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expression of Iba1 in brain tissue,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to detect the levels of interleukin(IL)-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and IL-1β in brain tissue,and Western Blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of Pan lactylation(Pan-kla)and PKM2 lactylation(PKM2-kla)in brain tissue.(2)Cell experiments:an in vitro AD model was constructed by treated in mouse microglia(BV2 cells)with LPS/Aβ1-42,and followed by treatment with Osthole.Cell viability was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT),expression of Iba1(a marker of microglial activation)was detected by Western Blot,nitric oxide(NO)production was assessed by Griess reagent,and levels of IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by ELISA.BV2 cell-conditioned medium(CM)was co-cultured with neuroblastoma cells(Na2 cells)to assess the protective effect of Osthole on Na2 cells.(3)Molecular docking was performed between Osthole and PKM2,and experimental verification was conducted.Results In animal experiments,deficits of learning and memory in mice were aggravated in APP/PS1 group compared with that in WT group,which were improved upon treatment with Osthole.Furthermore,the APP/PS1 group mice showed an increase in Iba1 positive cells in brain tissue,an increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α and IL-1β,as well as an increase in the levels of Pan-kla and PKM2-kla compared with the WT group,while the above indexes were inhibited by the Osthole treatment.In cell experiments,Osthole had no significant effect on BV2 cell viability at concentrations up to 100 μmol/L.Treatment with LPS/Aβ1-42 upregulated the expression of Iba1,NO production,and levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in BV2 cells,while Osthole significantly inhibited the expression of these LPS/Aβ1-42-induced indicators.Meanwhile,Osthole attenuated the damage of BV2-CM on Na2 cells.The molecular docking results indicated a good binding affinity between Osthole and PKM2.Treatment with Osthole can down-regulated the levels of lactate,Pan-kla and PKM2-kla in the AD cell model.Conclusion Osthole can improve the condition of AD and reduce neuroinflammation by inhibiting the lactylation of PKM2.

OBJECTIVE To establish a core competency evaluation system for drug clinical trial quality management personnel in China and validate its application. METHODS Based on the scope of work， responsibilities， and role positioning of quality management personnel in drug clinical trials， a preliminary draft of the core competency evaluation system was constructed through literature analysis and expert consultation. The draft was refined through a Delphi method involving 17 experts who provided feedback and revisions， ultimately forming a complete evaluation system. The developed system was applied to conduct electronic surveys from March to May 2024 among 110 quality management personnel from 38 drug clinical trial institutions， comparing their scores on indicator importance and self-assessed capabilities. RESULTS The response rate of both rounds of questionnaire survey was 100%， with Kendall’s W coefficients of 0.256 and 0.277 （P＜0.001 for both）， and an expert authority coefficient of 0.946. The finalized evaluation system for core competencies of clinical trial quality management personnel comprised 9 primary indicators， covering individual professional competence， communication skills， implementation condition verification， informed consent process review， clinical trial execution monitoring， adverse event disposal， reporting and documentation， trial record examination， trial report auditing， and inspection of other tasks， and 107 secondary indicators. Empirical research revealed significant discrepancies between importance scores and self-assessed competency scores across 70 indicators among 110 respondents （P＜0.05）. Indicators with relatively notable gaps between importance scores and self-assessed competency scores included in-depth understanding of Good Clinical Practice （GCP） requirements （0.34-point gap）， familiarity with national and institutional clinical trial inspection priorities （0.24-point gap），etc. CONCLUSIONS The indicator system constructed in this study has good scientificity and reliability. Clinical trial quality management personnel demonstrate deficiencies in multiple critical competencies， highlighting the urgent need for targeted training programs to enhance their overall professional capabilities.