To systematically analyzed the reporting status of core elements in publicly available clinical practice guideline(hereafter referred to as "guideline") protocols published domestically and internationally over the past decade, identified existing problems, and provided evidence to inform the standardized writing and publication of future guideline protocols.

Triatoma rubrofasciata is currently the most widely distributed species of Triatoma worldwide, and it is also widespread in southern China. T. rubrofasciata has been proven to transmit Trypanosoma cruzi, and is one of vectors transmitting Chagas disease, which poses a potential risk for transmission of imported Chagas disease in China. Findings from latest studies have shown that T. rubrofasciata naturally infects T. lewisi, T. conorhini, and T. rangeli, which undoubtedly increases significant risks of and challenges to trypanosomiasis control in China. This article briefly describes the species of T. rubrofasciata-transmitted trypanosomes, and summarizes the epidemiological characteristics of trypanosomiasis, so as to provide insights into T. rubrofasciata-transmitted trypanosomiasis surveillance and control, and prevention of trypanosomiasis development and transmission in China.

Background: Adrenocortical hormones, particularly 11-oxygenated androgens, are pivotal in female reproductive health and fertility. Standardized detection kits and population-specific reference intervals are lacking in China, hindering related clinical applications. Methods: A HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) pipeline was developed, rigorously validated, and applied to simultaneously quantify corticosterone, cortisone, cortisol, 18-OH cortisol, androstenedione (A4), 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11-OH A4), dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in serum samples from 455 reproductive-aged women (18–45 yrs) in Guangxi, China. Age-dependent concentration trends were analyzed, and reference intervals stratified by age (2.5th to 97.5th percentiles) were established. Correlations with body-composition metrics, ethnicity, and the menstrual cycle were investigated. Results: The HPLC-MS/MS method demonstrated high precision (intra- and inter-assay CVs < 15%), accuracy, and sensitivity. All eight hormones exhibited significant age-related declines (P < 0.001 for seven hormones; P = 0.001 for 11-OH A4). Notably, 11-OH A4 levels were significantly lower in the 35–45-yr (3.05 nmol/L) and 25–34-yr (3.09 nmol/L) age groups than in the 18–24-yr (3.57 nmol/L) age group, whereas no significant difference was observed between the 35–45-yr and 25–34-yr age groups. Weak negative correlations were observed between the body mass index and corticosterone and cortisone levels, whereas ethnicity and the menstrual cycle showed no significant associations with hormone levels. Conclusions We developed an HPLC-MS/MS-based method for simultaneously quantifying eight adrenocortical hormones, including 11-OH A4, and defined age-specific reference intervals for reproductive-aged Chinese women. These findings advance the clinical utility of adrenocortical hormones in diagnosing and managing reproductive disorders.

OBJECTIVE:To review the development trend,target population,setting and construction process of osteoporosis-specific quality of life measures both domestically and internationally.METHODS:All of the currently available publicly available osteoporosis-specific quality-of-life scales were found by searching the PubMed,Embase,CNKI,and WanFang Data.The search period included the time from database construction to August 2024.The basic information,development trend,target population,and the setting of the scale's dimensions,entries,and levels were taken from the original research and development literature that included the scale.The content of the dimensions and the scale's construction process were then compiled and examined.RESULTS:A total of 20 osteoporosis-specific quality of life scales were included in the study,and the literature on the development of 34 scales was traced.The number of dimensions of the included scales ranged from 2-7 dimensions,all of which included physiological dimensions;the number of entries of the scales ranged from 10-84 entries,while the number of levels set under the entries was mostly focused on four or five levels.There are three main ways of constructing the scales,of which the construction of a pool of entries and the screening of the entries according to classical measurement theory and item response theory is an approach that has emerged in recent years.CONCLUSION:According to the specific target population and diversified measurement objectives,the content of osteoporosis-specific quality of life scales has become increasingly streamlined,with fewer dimensions and entries overall;and its building procedure is gradually becoming more standardized.

Objective To develop a method for rapidly identifying Clostridioides difficile(C.difficile)and de-termining high-producing toxin strains,conduct clinical evaluation.Methods The loop-mediated isothermal amplifi-cation(LAMP)method was used to identify C.difficile based on the tcdC,tcdA,and tcdB genes.The sensitivi-ty,specificity,and overall consistency of the detection method were evaluated.Results Feces specimens from 499 hospitalized patients suspected of C.difficile-associated diarrhea were detected,with C.difficile detection rate of 12.8％(64/499),out of which the detection rate of toxin-producing C.difficile was 10.8％(54/499).The sensi-tivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of the detection method for tcdA were 87.2％,98.9％,89.1％,and 98.6％,respectively,and 88.2％,99.6％,90.0％,and 98.73％for tcdB,respec-tively.The total toxin levels of different strains were different,but the average toxin production level of A+B+strains(1.79 μg/mL)was higher than those of A-B+strains(0.72 μg/mL)and A-B-strains(＜0.10 μg/mL).Conclusion The portable high-throughput LAMP detection method can rapidly and efficiently identify C.difficile and determine high-producing toxin strains.

Objective:To investigate the distribution and clinical significance of amniotic fluid karyotype results in 2 725 cases from southern Anhui.Methods:The karyotypes of amniotic fluid from 2 725 cases of second-trimester pregnant women treated in our hospital from Jan 2017 to Dec 2023 were collected.The annual abnormal detection rate and overall abnormal rate were analyzed.Meanwhile,the abnormal detection rate was compared among 8 groups of different clinical indication including adverse pregnancy history,advanced maternal age(≥35 years),high risk of Down syndrome screening,high risk of non-invasive prenatal testing(NIPT),nuchal translucency thickness(NT)≥2.5 mm,abnormal ultrasound findings,two or more concurrent positive indications,and others.The abnormal detection rate was calculated within high risk of Down syndrome screening and NIPT.Results:Significant differences in annual abnormal rates were observed from 2017 to 2023(χ2=19.705,P=0.003).Among 2 725 cases,233(8.55%)showed abnormal karyotypes.Among them,abnormal autosomal number was the most prevalent(4.41%,120/2 725),with inversion being the most common chromosome structural abnormality.Significant differences in abnormal rates were noted among the eight clinical indication groups(χ2=438.516,P＜0.01).No statistical difference was found in abnormal detection rates among the three high-risk subgroups of Down syndrome screening(χ2=0.323,P=0.851),while significant differences were observed within the high-risk subgroups of NIPT(χ2=100.901,P＜0.01).Polymorphisms were detected in 65 cases(2.38%).Conclusions:Chromosomal numerical and structural abnormalities have been detected in southern Anhui over the past seven years,with variations across subgroups.Karyotype analysis effectively detects second-trimester fetal chromosomal abnormalities,aiding in the prevention of birth defects and worthing clinical application.

OBJECTIVE To construct the drug utilization evaluation criteria for Dezocine injection,so as to provide reference for the rational drug use in medical institutions.METHODS On the basis of evidence methodology,relevant guidelines/expert consensus,systematic reviews/meta-analysis were consulted;the evaluation criteria framework for Dezocine injection was established after screening evidence.Delphi method was employed,whereby 28 clinicians and clinical pharmacists from secondary and above-level medical institutions across eight provinces,including Tianjin,Beijing and Shandong,were selected to participate in two rounds of questionnaire surveys.The final indicators were determined based on the experts'enthusiasm coefficient,authority coefficient,and degree of coordination.RESULTS The effective recovery rate of questionnaire was 100%in the first round and 92.86%in the second round;expert authority coefficient was 0.82 in the first round and 0.81 in the second round;the coordination degree of experts in the first round was 0.29,and in the second round was 0.31(P＜0.001).Drug utilization evaluation standard system for Dezocine injection was formed finally,including three dimensions of medication indications,medication process and medication results,with a total of 11 first-level indicators(such as indications,usage and dosage)and 33 second-level indicators(such as labor analgesia and the management of severe pain following major or moderate surgeries combined with other analgesic drugs).The average importance scores for each indicator ranged from 4.08 to 5.00 points,with an overall average score of 4.61 points and coefficient of variation ranging from 0 to 0.19.CONCLUSIONS The drug utilization evaluation criteria for Dezocine injection established based on evidence-based methodology and Delphi method is authoritative and scientific,which provides a reference for subsequent evaluation of the rationality of clinical medication.

Objective To analyze the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)on coronary plaque burden in elderly patients.Methods A total of 120 COPD patients admitted to the Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University from January 2022 to December 2024 were prospectively enrolled and served as the COPD group.Another 120 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group during the same period.The general clinical data and coronary plaque burden were compared between the two groups.Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1)and coronary plaque burden as well as left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify the influencing factors of total coronary plaque bur-den and calcified plaque burden.Results The COPD group had significantly larger smoking ratio and higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and IL-6,but obviously lower LVEF and FEV1 levels than the control group(P＜0.01).Notably increased total coronary plaque burden(38.30±8.22 vs 24.61±5.56,P＜0.01),calcified plaque burden(21.11±6.57 vs 12.54±3.65,P＜0.01)and non-calcified plaque burden(17.19±5.39 vs 12.07±3.92,P＜0.01)were observed in the COPD group than the control group.FEV1 was negatively correlated with coro-nary plaque burden,calcified plaque burden,and non-calcified plaque burden,and positively corre-lated with LVEF(P＜0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that FEV1 and IL-6 were influencing factors for both total coronary plaque burden(P＜0.01)and coronary calcified plaque burden(P＜0.01),and FEV1 was an influencing factor of non-calcified plaque burden in coronary arteries(P＜0.01).Conclusion COPD promotes the development of coronary plaque burden.So,for COPD patients,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and early prevention of coronary plaque burden.

Objective To sort,summarize,and introduce key terms related to guideline reporting,evaluation,dissemination,implementation,and updating.Methods We systematically searched guideline de-velopment manuals and methodological literature from database inception to October 25,2024.Terms related to guideline reporting,updating,evaluation,and implementation were extracted,standardized,and finalized through a structured consensus process.Results A total of 13 guideline manuals and 32 methodological articles were included,yielding 14 core terms with standardized definitions.Conclusions This article introduces key terms such as reporting standards,external review,and research gaps across guideline development phases to promote concept application and deepen readers'understanding of guideline development.

Objective:To explore the effects of Ziyu Ointment on granulation tissue,TGF-β and downstream Smad protein in the process of wound healing in rats by constructing a rat model of back trauma.Methods:A rat model of back trauma was constructed,and 100 SD male rats were separated into healthy group,back trauma group,Ziyu Ointment treatment group,petrolatum treatment group,Ziyu Ointment+TGF-β1 activation group,with 20 per group.Wound formation surgery was performed,and wound healing of rats in each group was recorded at 5th,10th,and 15th day after operation;the levels of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum of rats in each group were detected;the granulation tissue formed by wound healing at 15th day was selected for HE and Masson staining,the proportion of blood vessel area and collagen area of granulation tissue of rats in each group were analyzed and calculated;the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in granulation tissues of rats in each group were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR;the expression levels of TGF-β1,Smad3 and p-Smad3 in granulation tissues of rats in each group were detected by Western blot.Results:The healthy group rats had complete epidermal tissue;the levels of serum IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α,the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in the wound granulation tissue,and the phosphorylation of Smad3 in the back trauma group were obviously higher than the healthy group(P<0.05);compared with back trauma group,the wound healing rate,proportion of collagen area,and propor-tion of blood vessel area in Ziyu Ointment treatment group and petrolatum treatment group were obviously increased,the serum IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α contents,TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression,and Smad3 phosphorylation were obviously decreased(P<0.05);compared with Ziyu Ointment treatment group,the petrolatum treatment group,Ziyu Ointment+TGF-β1 activation group had obviously lower wound healing rate,collagen area percentage,and blood vessel area percentage,and obviously lower serum IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α contents,TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression and Smad3 phosphorylation(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ziyu Ointment can inhibit the expression of related genes and proteins by regulating the TGF-β/Smad signal pathway,thereby alleviating inflammation and promoting wound healing.