To systematically analyzed the reporting status of core elements in publicly available clinical practice guideline(hereafter referred to as "guideline") protocols published domestically and internationally over the past decade, identified existing problems, and provided evidence to inform the standardized writing and publication of future guideline protocols.

Triatoma rubrofasciata is currently the most widely distributed species of Triatoma worldwide, and it is also widespread in southern China. T. rubrofasciata has been proven to transmit Trypanosoma cruzi, and is one of vectors transmitting Chagas disease, which poses a potential risk for transmission of imported Chagas disease in China. Findings from latest studies have shown that T. rubrofasciata naturally infects T. lewisi, T. conorhini, and T. rangeli, which undoubtedly increases significant risks of and challenges to trypanosomiasis control in China. This article briefly describes the species of T. rubrofasciata-transmitted trypanosomes, and summarizes the epidemiological characteristics of trypanosomiasis, so as to provide insights into T. rubrofasciata-transmitted trypanosomiasis surveillance and control, and prevention of trypanosomiasis development and transmission in China.

Background: Adrenocortical hormones, particularly 11-oxygenated androgens, are pivotal in female reproductive health and fertility. Standardized detection kits and population-specific reference intervals are lacking in China, hindering related clinical applications. Methods: A HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) pipeline was developed, rigorously validated, and applied to simultaneously quantify corticosterone, cortisone, cortisol, 18-OH cortisol, androstenedione (A4), 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11-OH A4), dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in serum samples from 455 reproductive-aged women (18–45 yrs) in Guangxi, China. Age-dependent concentration trends were analyzed, and reference intervals stratified by age (2.5th to 97.5th percentiles) were established. Correlations with body-composition metrics, ethnicity, and the menstrual cycle were investigated. Results: The HPLC-MS/MS method demonstrated high precision (intra- and inter-assay CVs < 15%), accuracy, and sensitivity. All eight hormones exhibited significant age-related declines (P < 0.001 for seven hormones; P = 0.001 for 11-OH A4). Notably, 11-OH A4 levels were significantly lower in the 35–45-yr (3.05 nmol/L) and 25–34-yr (3.09 nmol/L) age groups than in the 18–24-yr (3.57 nmol/L) age group, whereas no significant difference was observed between the 35–45-yr and 25–34-yr age groups. Weak negative correlations were observed between the body mass index and corticosterone and cortisone levels, whereas ethnicity and the menstrual cycle showed no significant associations with hormone levels. Conclusions We developed an HPLC-MS/MS-based method for simultaneously quantifying eight adrenocortical hormones, including 11-OH A4, and defined age-specific reference intervals for reproductive-aged Chinese women. These findings advance the clinical utility of adrenocortical hormones in diagnosing and managing reproductive disorders.

Background The health effects of environmental exposures are often characterized by complex interactions. However, evidence on the joint health effects of ambient oxidizing pollutants and air temperature in the cold regions of Northern China remains limited. Objective To examine the independent and interactive effects of atmospheric oxidizing pollutants and air temperature on daily mortality among residents of Hohhot. Methods Daily data on air quality, meteorological factors, and cause-specific mortality in Hohhot from 2018 to2023 were collected. A quasi-Poisson generalized additive model (GAM) combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to examine the effects of ambient oxidant pollutants [ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and total oxidant (Oₓ)] and air temperature on daily circulatory and respiratory mortality. Potential interactions between oxidizing pollutants and temperature were evaluated using bivariate exposure–response surface models and quantified through stratified analyses. Results For each 10 μg·m⁻³ increase in O₃, O_X, and NO₂ concentrations, the strongest associations with circulatory disease mortality occurred at lag1, with excess risks (ERs) of 1.10% (95%CI: 0.50%, 1.71%), 1.84% (95%CI: 0.94%, 2.75%), and 1.49% (95%CI: 0.36%, 2.62%), respectively. The strongest associations of O₃ and O_X with respiratory disease mortality were observed at lag2, with ERs of 1.61% (95%CI: 0.61%, 2.62%) and 2.61% (95%CI: 1.61%, 3.62%), respectively. NO₂ showed the strongest cumulative association with respiratory disease mortality at lag02, with an ER of 3.22% (95%CI: 1.24%, 5.25%). High temperature exhibited immediate or short-term effects, while low temperature showed lagged effects. The exposure–response relationships between temperature and mortality risks for respiratory circulatory diseases were U-shaped. Positive additive interactions were observed between high temperature and high concentrations of O₃ and O_X. For the joint exposure to high temperature and high O₃, the relative excess risks due to interaction (RERIs) for circulatory and respiratory disease mortality were 0.131 (95%CI: 0.086, 0.176) and 0.279 (95%CI: 0.198, 0.360), respectively. For the joint exposure to high temperature and high O_X, the corresponding RERI values were 0.080 (95%CI: 0.038, 0.123) and 0.154 (95%CI: 0.074, 0.234), respectively. In contrast, high temperature and high NO₂ concentration exhibited antagonistic or attenuating interactions. Conclusion Ambient oxidizing pollutants, high temperature, and low temperature are independently associated with increased circulatory and respiratory disease mortality. High temperature combined with high concentrations of O₃ or O_X exerts positive additive interactions, with the respiratory system showing particular vulnerability. The mortality risks associated with NO₂ are more pronounced under low temperature conditions, whereas its interaction with high temperature appear antagonistic, suggesting a temperature-dependent risk-modifying effect.

Objective:To investigate the distribution and clinical significance of amniotic fluid karyotype results in 2 725 cases from southern Anhui.Methods:The karyotypes of amniotic fluid from 2 725 cases of second-trimester pregnant women treated in our hospital from Jan 2017 to Dec 2023 were collected.The annual abnormal detection rate and overall abnormal rate were analyzed.Meanwhile,the abnormal detection rate was compared among 8 groups of different clinical indication including adverse pregnancy history,advanced maternal age(≥35 years),high risk of Down syndrome screening,high risk of non-invasive prenatal testing(NIPT),nuchal translucency thickness(NT)≥2.5 mm,abnormal ultrasound findings,two or more concurrent positive indications,and others.The abnormal detection rate was calculated within high risk of Down syndrome screening and NIPT.Results:Significant differences in annual abnormal rates were observed from 2017 to 2023(χ2=19.705,P=0.003).Among 2 725 cases,233(8.55%)showed abnormal karyotypes.Among them,abnormal autosomal number was the most prevalent(4.41%,120/2 725),with inversion being the most common chromosome structural abnormality.Significant differences in abnormal rates were noted among the eight clinical indication groups(χ2=438.516,P＜0.01).No statistical difference was found in abnormal detection rates among the three high-risk subgroups of Down syndrome screening(χ2=0.323,P=0.851),while significant differences were observed within the high-risk subgroups of NIPT(χ2=100.901,P＜0.01).Polymorphisms were detected in 65 cases(2.38%).Conclusions:Chromosomal numerical and structural abnormalities have been detected in southern Anhui over the past seven years,with variations across subgroups.Karyotype analysis effectively detects second-trimester fetal chromosomal abnormalities,aiding in the prevention of birth defects and worthing clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the awareness of clinical practice guidelines (referred to as "guidelines") and experts consensus (referred to as "consensus") among otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery medical staff, and to analyze the effectiveness of the ninth guideline methodology workshop.Methods:Self-designed survey questionnaires were used to conduct two surveys among otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery medical staff who participated in the ninth guideline methodology workshop held in Chengdu from Jannuary 10 to 11, 2025, both before and after the training, to assess their awareness and knowledge of guideline and consensus development methodology. The effectiveness of the training was evaluated using the paired chi-square test.Results:A total of 77 peoples (95.06%), who participated in the ninth guideline methodology workshop, completed the survey questionnaires both before and after the training. One-third of the respondents reported a relatively good to very good understanding of guideline and consensus development. The overall methodology of the guidelines and consensus they had participated in developing still showed room for improvement. After the methodology training, the score rate for each test question significantly increased compared to before the training ( P<0.05), and the distribution trend of the total scores changed markedly (Before the training, 71 people scored less than 60 points, 4 people scored 60 points, and 2 people scored 70 points. After the training, only 1 person scored less than 60 points, 1 person scored 60 points, and 75 people scored between 70 and 100 points, of which 21 people scored 100 points). Conclusion:The awareness of guideline and consensus development methodology among otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery medical staff still has room for improvement. The guideline methodology workshop can enhance participants′ mastery of guideline and consensus development methodology.

Objective To sort,summarize,and introduce key terms related to guideline reporting,evaluation,dissemination,implementation,and updating.Methods We systematically searched guideline de-velopment manuals and methodological literature from database inception to October 25,2024.Terms related to guideline reporting,updating,evaluation,and implementation were extracted,standardized,and finalized through a structured consensus process.Results A total of 13 guideline manuals and 32 methodological articles were included,yielding 14 core terms with standardized definitions.Conclusions This article introduces key terms such as reporting standards,external review,and research gaps across guideline development phases to promote concept application and deepen readers'understanding of guideline development.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of inflammatory cytokines related to different endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis on the transcriptome of nasal epithelial cells.METHODS Human primary nasal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro,and treated with type 1,type 2,and type 3 inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ(10 ng/ml),IL-4(50 ng/ml),and IL-17A(50 ng/ml),respectively.After 48 hours,cells were collected for RNA extraction and transcriptome analysis.Differentially expressed genes were identified,followed by functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis.Additionally,common regulated genes among different cytokines were analyzed.RESULTS Treatment of primary nasal epithelial cells with IFN-γ,IL-4,and IL-17A induced significant transcriptomic alterations,with 650,540,and 192 differentially expressed genes,respectively,compared to the control group.Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis showed that IFN-γ was mainly associated with defense response to virus,antigen processing and presentation,leukocyte and lymphocyte mediated immunity,and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway;IL-4 was mainly related to the regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis,cell-cell adhesion,ECM-receptor interaction,and MAPK signaling pathway;IL-17A was involved in the regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis,response to molecule of bacterial origin,chemokine signaling pathway,and NF-κB signaling pathway.Genes commonly regulated by IFN-γ,IL-4,and IL-17A were identified,with DUOX2 being upregulated by all the three cytokines.CONCLUSION IFN-γ,IL-4,and IL-17A reshapes the transcriptomic profile of nasal epithelial cells,which mainly regulates signaling pathways related to defense response to virus,leukocyte chemotaxis,and response to bacteria,respectively.

To introduce and analyze guideline terminology related to clinical question formulation, evidence retrieval and appraisal, and recommendation development.

The development of malignant tumors is influenced by multiple factors,including genetics,environment,lifestyle,and pathogen infection.Viral infection plays a significant role in tumor development and progression.This article integrates the common pathways of seven oncogenic viruses(HPV,EBV,HBV,HCV,KSHV,HTLV-1,and HIV)based on the theory of cancer toxin pathomechanism.The findings reveal that cancer toxin formation is influenced by both internal factors(healthy qi deficiency,viscus dysfunction,and qi,blood,and body fluid stagnation)and external factors(viral infection,environmental factors,and the six exogenous pathogens),driving tumor development,metastasis,and recurrence.Viral infection not only provides the material foundation for cancer toxin but also accelerates its maturation and spread through chronic inflammation and immune imbalance,forming a complex pathogen-esis of"viral toxicity-endogenous cancer toxin",which translates into a three-stage strategy of"prevention,treatment,and post-recovery prevention".This article systematically discusses the pathogenesis of major cancer toxins and their associated tumors.Inte-grating the cancer toxin theory,the article explores preventive and therapeutic strategies for virus-associated malignancies,providing a theoretical basis and practical reference for the integrated prevention and treatment of tumors using traditional Chinese and Western medicine.