As people’s attention to health continues to increase, the market demand for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is growing steadily. The quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials have attracted unprecedented social attention. In particular, the issue of exogenous harmful residue pollution in TCM has become a hot topic of concern for both regulatory authorities and society. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition further refines the detection methods and limit standards for exogenous harmful residues in TCM. This not only reflects China’s high-level emphasis on the quality and safety of TCM but also demonstrates the continuous progress made by China in the field of TCM safety supervision. Basis on this study, by systematically reviewing the development history of the detection standards for exogenous harmful residues in TCM and analyzing the revisions and updates of these detection standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, deeply explores the key points of the changes in the monitoring standards for exogenous harmful residues in TCM in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition. Moreover, it interprets the future development directions of the detection of exogenous residues in TCM, aiming to provide a reference for the formulation of TCM safety supervision policies.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Jiuwei-Zhuhuang San plus amoxilcillin sodium and sulbactam sodium in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in children. Methods:A total of 120 patients with bacterial pneumonia in children from 1 year to 14 years old were randomly divided into the study group ( n=90) and the control group ( n=30) with ratio 3 to 1, the random sequence created by SAS software. Both groups were treated with amoxilcillin sodium for basic treatment, the observation group was treated with Jiuwei-Zhuhuang San. Both groups were treated for 1 week and followed up for 1 week. The cough frequency, clinical effective rate, symptoms and signs score, Traditonal Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern scores and adverse event rate were observed. Results:Eighteen cases were dropped and eliminated in the observation group, and 4 cases were dropped and eliminated in the control group, so 72 of observation group and 26 of control group were analyzed. After treatment, the clinical effective rate of the observation group was 27.8% (20/72), and the control group was 0% (0/26), where the difference was significant ( χ2=7.445, P=0.006). The difference of TCM syndrome score before and after treatment in the observation group (-16.8 ± 8.2 vs. -11.0 ± 5.8, t=-3.858) was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between the two groups ( Z=-2.347, P= 0.019) in the TCM syndrome. The cough frequency of the observation group was 41.7% (30/72), and the control group was 26.9% (7/26). There wasn’t any significant differences in the cough frequency between two groups ( P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in symptoms and signs score or adverse event rate between two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:On the basis of amoxicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium, combined use of Jiuwei-Zhuhuang San can improve the clinical effectiveness of children with bacterial pneumonia.

Disulfiram, a drug that has been used for alcohol dependence. As an approved drug in clinical medicine, disulfiram can be used as the anticancer drug in the treatment of breast cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, lung cancer, etc. This paper summarized the mechanism of disulfiram for anticancer treatment and the function for liver cancer therapy, and we also analyzed the potential mechanism of disulfiram for the treatment of liver cancer and its’ value in the clinical application.

Objective :To compare therapeutic effect of propafenone and amiodarone on paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) and their safety .Methods : A total of 90 PSVT patients ,who were treated in our hospital from Jan 2013 to May 2018 ,were selected .Patients were randomly and equally divided into propafenone group and amio—darone group ,each group received corresponding medication based on routine treatment for 24h.Blood pressure , heart rate ,cardiac function indexes :LVEDV ,LVESV and LVEF before and after treatment ,cardioversion time , successful cardioversion rate within 60 min and incidence of adverse reactions during treatment were observed and compared between two groups .Results : There was no significant difference in successful cardioversion rate (propafenone group 91.11% vs.amiodarone group 93.33%, P＝1.000) between two groups .Compared with be—fore treatment ,on 24h after treatment ,there were significant reductions in blood pressure and heart rate in two groups , P＝0. 001 all ;but there was no significant difference between two groups before and after treatment , P＞0.05 all.Cardioversion time of propafenone group was significantly shorter than that of amiodarone group [ (12. 66 ± 2.06) min vs .(22. 80 ± 2.28 ) min ] , P＝ 0. 001 .Compared with propafenone group on 24h after treatment , there was significant rise in LVEF [ (63. 24 ± 3.67)% vs.(66. 83 ± 4.01)%] ,significant reductions in LVEDV [ (96.65 ± 5.24) ml vs.(92. 09 ± 4.37) ml] and LVESV [ (38.40 ± 2.87) ml vs.(30. 13 ± 7.34) ml] in amioda—rone group , P＝ 0. 001 all.Total incidence rate of adverse reactions in amiodarone group was significantly lower than that of propafenone group (8.89% vs.24. 44%) , P＝0. 048. Conclusion : Propafenone and amiodarone possess significant therapeutic effect on PSVT .Propafenone possesses shorter cardioversion time ,while amiodarone posses— ses less adverse reactions and improve cardiac function .Therefore ,medication should be selected properly according to patient′s specific condition in clinic .

Objective To evaluate the contraction function of puborectalis (PR) with shear wave elastography (SWE).Methods Twenty-eight patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP-Q Ⅲ group and POP-Q Ⅳ group,each n=14) and 28 healthy volunteers (control group) were enrolled.The Young's modulus of PR in the front,middle and back of pubic rectal muscles of each group at resting and maximal rectal state were measured with shear wave elastography,and then were statistically analyzed.Results Youngs modulus of maximum rectal state of each group was higher than that of resting state (all P＜0.05).At resting and maximal rectal state,the Young's modulus and their differences in POP-Q Ⅲ group and POP-Q Ⅳ group were significantly different compared with control group (all P＜0.05),but those in POP-Q Ⅲ group and POP-Q Ⅳ group were not (all P＞0.05).Conclusion Decrease of PR systolic function can be observed in patients with pelvic organ prolapse,and SWE can be used to detect abnormal function of PR systolic function.

Thyroid nodule is a common diseases of neck,which property is usually identified by ultrasound examination.Color doppler ultrasonography can reflect the distribution of blood vessels and blood flow within the nodules.And with development of new technologies,three-dimensional ultrasound increase the accuracy of identification.Three-dimension power doppler ultrasound (3D-PDUS) can reflect blood flow information within the nodule space,which is more accurate than two-dimensional ultrasound and it can be used to evaluate the blood flow in nodules qualitatively and quantitatively,provide a new reference for clinical diagnosis of thyroid nodule.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) infusion transplantation via renal artery and via caudal vein in treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rats,and to compare the expressions of aquaporin1 (AQP1) and aquaporin2 (AQP2) between the two transplantation routes.Methods A total of 50 male SD rats were selected for this experiment.Two experimental rats were used to make preparation of bone marrow MSC.CKD model was established with infusion of adriamycin via caudal vein in 36 rats.The 36 CKD models were randomly divided into adriamycininduced renal failure model control group (A-C group,n=12),MSC transplantation through the right renal artery group (M-A group,n=12) and MSC transplantation through the caudal vein group (M-V group,n=12).The remaining 12 male SD rats were used as the blank control group (N group).One week after the last bone marrow MSC transplantation,the 24 h urine volume,24 h urinary protein content,serum sodium content and serum albumin level were measured,and AQP1 and AQP2 expressions in the kidney tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with A-C group,the serum albumin level and 24h urine volume in both M-V group and M-A group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),while 24h urinary protein content and serum sodium content were remarkably decreased (P＜0.05).The 24h urinary protein content in the M-A group was obviously lower than that in the M-V group (P＜0.05).The AQP1 and AQP2 expressions in the kidney tissue in both M-V group and M-A group were strikingly lower than those in the A-C group (P＜ 0.05),but no statistically significant differences in AQP1 and AQP2 expressions existed between the M-V group and the M-A group (P＞0.05).Conclusion MSC transplantation can increase serum albumin,and lower urinary protein,serum sodium and the expressions of AQP1 and AQP2 in renal parenchymal cells,which has the effect on repairing renal injury of adriamycin-induced CKD rats.For a given period of time,the clinical curative effect of MSC transplantation via renal artery is better than that of MSC transplantation via peripheral vein,but the difference in curative effect between the two MSC transplantation pathways has no obvious correlation with AQP1 and AQP2 expressions.

The central nervous system disease and musculoskeletal diseases often involve skeletal muscles.Quantitative evaluation of strength and hardness of a single muscle accurately and rapidly are basis for causation analysis of movement dysfunction.Real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) is a new ultrasonic imaging technique developed in recent years,and still has a preliminary application in the skeletal muscle system.The application and research progresses of SWE in auxiliary diagnosis of disease in skeletal muscles were reviewed in this article.

Objective To explore the effect of different delivering methods on the pelvic floor function in vaginal delivery by transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound.Methods Eighty-four patients delivered transvaginal were classified into three groups according to the mode of delivery (perineal integrity group [n=32],episiotomy group [n=30] and forceps delivery group [n=22]).The hiatal images at resting,Valsalva,levator ani muscle maximum contraction were obtained and compared in three groups.Results There were no differences between perineal integrity group and episiotomy group in hiatal diameter and area (P＞0.05).There were significantly differences between perineal integrity group and forceps delivery group in hiatal diameter,area and change in hiatal area from rest to pelvic floor muscle contraction and from rest to Valsalva (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The injury of the pelvic floor of forceps delivery group is bigger than perineal integrity.And episiotomy is no significant difference with pelvic floor function injury.