Neurotropic viruses are a group of viruses that highly sensitive to central nervous system.As the first line of defense against pathogen invasion,the activation of pathogen recognition receptor signaling network in innate immune system plays a"double-edged"role in the process of neurotropic virus infection,which has both antiviral effect and may aggravate virus infection under certain circumstances.This article reviews the research progress on dual roles of pathogen recognition receptors in neurotropic virus infection.

Objective:To analyze the effects of the disease and injury spectrum on health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) among permanent residents aged 55 and above in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2030.Methods:Based on the mortality surveillance data and the permanent resident population data in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022, the Sullivan method was used to calculate the HALE during 2016—2022. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model and the grey system model were used to predict the HALE during 2023—2030. The HALE changes in the two periods were decomposed into the contributions of 20 categories of diseases and injuries, respectively.Results:From 2016 to 2022, the HALE increased from 31.41 years (95% CI: 30.50-32.32) to 33.57 years (95% CI: 32.47-34.67). During this period, the mortality effect of neurological disorders slowed the increase of HALE, with a reduction of 0.27 years. By 2030, it is anticipated that the HALE will reach 36.40 years (95% CI: 34.78-38.01). This is expected to be influenced by the mortality effects of nutritional deficiencies (-0.40 years) and mental disorders (-0.29 years), as well as the disability effects of musculoskeletal disorders (-0.66 years), skin and subcutaneous diseases (-0.21 years) and nutritional deficiencies (-0.13 years). Conclusion:The HALE of permanent residents aged 55 years and above in Shenzhen demonstrated an increasing trend over time. Greater attention should be paid to the adverse effects of neurological disorders, nutritional deficiencies, mental disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases on the continuous increase of HALE in this population.

Neurotropic viruses are a group of viruses that highly sensitive to central nervous system.As the first line of defense against pathogen invasion,the activation of pathogen recognition receptor signaling network in innate immune system plays a"double-edged"role in the process of neurotropic virus infection,which has both antiviral effect and may aggravate virus infection under certain circumstances.This article reviews the research progress on dual roles of pathogen recognition receptors in neurotropic virus infection.

The efficient production of L-glutamate is dependent on the product's rapid efflux, hence researchers have recently concentrated on artificially modifying its transport system and cell membrane wall structure. Considering the unique composition and structure of the cell wall of Corynebacterium glutamicum, we investigated the effects of CmpLs on L-glutamate synthesis and transport in SCgGC7, a constitutive L-glutamate efflux strain. First, the knockout strains of CmpLs were constructed, and it was confirmed that the deletion of CmpL1 and CmpL4 significantly improved the performance of L-glutamate producers. Next, temperature-sensitive L-glutamate fermentation with the CmpL1 and CmpL4 knockout strains were carried out in 5 L bioreactors, where the knockout strains showcased temperature-sensitive characteristics and enhanced capacities for L-glutamate production under high temperatures. Notably, the CmpL1 knockout strain outperformed the control strain in terms of L-glutamate production, showing production and yield increases of 69.2% and 55.3%, respectively. Finally, the intracellular and extracellular metabolites collected at the end of the fermentation process were analyzed. The modification of CmpLs greatly improved the L-glutamate excretion and metabolic flux for both L-glutamate production and transport. Additionally, the CmpL1 knockout strain showed decreased accumulation of downstream metabolites of L-glutamate and intermediate metabolites of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which were consistent with its high L-glutamate biosynthesis capacity. In addition to offering an ideal target for improving the stability and performance of the industrial strains for L-glutamate production, the functional complementarity and redundancy of CmpLs provide a novel target and method for improving the transport of other metabolites by modification of the cell membrane and cell wall structures in C. glutamicum.
Corynebacterium glutamicum/genetics* ; Glutamic Acid/biosynthesis* ; Fermentation ; Metabolic Engineering ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism* ; Bioreactors/microbiology* ; Gene Knockout Techniques

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective:To analyze the effects of the disease and injury spectrum on health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) among permanent residents aged 55 and above in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2030.Methods:Based on the mortality surveillance data and the permanent resident population data in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2022, the Sullivan method was used to calculate the HALE during 2016—2022. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model and the grey system model were used to predict the HALE during 2023—2030. The HALE changes in the two periods were decomposed into the contributions of 20 categories of diseases and injuries, respectively.Results:From 2016 to 2022, the HALE increased from 31.41 years (95% CI: 30.50-32.32) to 33.57 years (95% CI: 32.47-34.67). During this period, the mortality effect of neurological disorders slowed the increase of HALE, with a reduction of 0.27 years. By 2030, it is anticipated that the HALE will reach 36.40 years (95% CI: 34.78-38.01). This is expected to be influenced by the mortality effects of nutritional deficiencies (-0.40 years) and mental disorders (-0.29 years), as well as the disability effects of musculoskeletal disorders (-0.66 years), skin and subcutaneous diseases (-0.21 years) and nutritional deficiencies (-0.13 years). Conclusion:The HALE of permanent residents aged 55 years and above in Shenzhen demonstrated an increasing trend over time. Greater attention should be paid to the adverse effects of neurological disorders, nutritional deficiencies, mental disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases on the continuous increase of HALE in this population.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective To analyze the relationship between plasma mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA),macrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP1α)and monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1)in vastus lateralis tissues and postoperative muscle atrophy,recovery of hip function in patients with hip fractures.Methods A total of 86 patients with hip fractures and 43 patients with coxitis in Jinan Eighth People's Hospital were enrolled as hip fracture group and coxitis group between October 2020 and October 2022,respectively.The lateral muscle tissues were collected as samples during surgery.The level of plasma mtDNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Before surgery,levels of serum interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Before surgery,cross-sectional areas of types Ⅰ and Ⅱ vastus lateralis fibers were detected by immunofluorescence method.Before surgery,expression levels of MIP1α and MCP-1 proteins in lateral muscle tissues were detected by Western blot.All patients with hip fracture were effectively followed up for 6 months after surgery.At 3 and 6 months after surgery,total lean mass(TLM)and unaffected limb lean mass(ULLM)were detected by DXA.Results The level of plasma mtDNA in hip fracture group was higher than that in coxitis group before surgery[(4.12±0.53)vs(2.37±0.36),P＜0.05],levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were higher than those in coxitis group[(34.68±6.14)pg/ml,(21.54±4.12)pg/ml vs(12.74±3.06)pg/ml,(10.81±2.71)pg/ml,P＜0.05],cross-sectional areas of types Ⅰ and Ⅱ vastus lateralis fibers were smaller than those in coxitis group[(4321.45±441.36)μm2,(2384.38±247.11)μm2 vs(5417.63±553.27)μm2,(3569.24±368.22)μm2,P＜0.05],and expression levels of MIP1α and MCP-1 proteins were higher than those in coxitis group[(2.34±0.25),(2.47±0.28)vs(1.18±0.15),(1.95±0.23),P＜0.05].In patients with hip fracture after 6 months of follow-up,there were 53 cases with good prognosis and 33 cases with poor prognosis.The level of plasma mtDNA in poor prognosis group was higher than that in good prognosis group before surgery[(4.53±0.52)vs(3.87±0.44),P＜0.05],levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were higher than those in good prognosis group[(35.97±5.32)pg/ml,(20.74±4.27)pg/ml vs(33.51±5.16)pg/ml,(22.83±4.33)pg/ml,P＜0.05],cross-sectional areas of types Ⅰ and Ⅱ vastus lateralis fibers were smaller than those in good prognosis group[(4174.26±434.60)μm2,(2309.56±246.18)μm2 vs(4394.42±450.12)μm2,(2430.97±250.72)μm2,P＜0.05],and expression levels of MIP1α and MCP-1 proteins were higher than those in good prognosis group[(2.47±0.28),(1.95±0.23)vs(2.26±0.24),(1.82±0.21),P＜0.05].TLM and ULLM at 6 months after surgery were lower than those at 3 months after surgery in good prognosis group and poor prognosis group(P＜0.05).At 3 and 6 months after surgery,there was no significant different in TLM or ULLM between good prognosis group and poor prognosis group(P＞0.05).Conclusion Traumatic stress injury will increase level of plasma mtDNA in patients with hip fracture,which will induce the increase of systemic inflammatory indexes(serum IL-6,TNF-α)and inflammatory factors(MCP-1,MIP1α)levels,aggravate muscle atrophy and cause postoperative decline of hip function.

Objective　To explore the mediating role of cognitive function in the association between literacy level and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people in China. Methods　 Using the fourth national follow-up data of the China Health and Elderly Care Tracking Survey 2018, 8 124 middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 years and above were included as the study subjects. The PROCESS 4.0 program was used to test the mediating effect of cognitive function between literacy level and depressive symptoms, and the Bootstrap method was used for the mediator variable validation. Results The detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly people in China was 38.10%. After controlling for gender, place of residence, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise, literacy level was a negative predictor of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people (β =－0.480, t =－11.248, P<0.001). Cognitive function accounted for 58.75% of the amount of mediating effect between literacy level and depressive symptoms. Conclusion 　Literacy level and cognitive function are associated with depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people. Literacy level can influence depressive symptoms directly or indirectly through the mediation of cognitive dysfunction.