As a patented characteristic medicine of Yi ethnic minority， Pingxuan capsules have the effects of nourishing the liver and kidney， pacifying the liver， and subduing Yang. With the main indications of dizziness， headache， palpitations， tinnitus， insomnia， dreaminess， waist and knee soreness caused by liver-kidney deficiency and liver Yang upward disturbance， Pingxuan capsules are widely used in the treatment of posterior circulation ischemic vertigo， vestibular migraine， benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. However， the current knowledge is limited regarding the efficacy， syndrome differentiation， and safety of this medicine. On the basis of summarizing the experience of clinicians and the existing evidence， this study invites clinical experts of traditional Chinese and Western medicine， pharmaceutical experts， and methodological experts from relevant fields across China to conduct evidence-based evaluation of Pingxuan capsules. The evaluation follows the Specifications for the Development of Clinical Expert Consensus on Chinese Patent Medicines issued by the Standardization Office of the China Association of Chinese Medicine， and reaches 5 recommendations and 16 consensus suggestions. The consensus clarifies the clinical applications， efficacy， dose， course of treatment， combination of medicines， precautions， and contraindications of Pingxuan capsules in the treatment of vertigo and explains the safety of clinical application. This consensus is applicable to clinicians （traditional Chinese medicine， Western medicine， and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine） and pharmacists in tertiary hospitals， secondary hospitals， and community-level medical and health institutions across China， providing a reference for the rational use of Pingxuan capsules in the treatment of vertigo. It is hoped that the promotion of this consensus can facilitate the rational use of drugs in clinical practice， reduce the risk of drug use， and give full play to the advantages of Pingxuan capsules in the treatment of vertigo diseases. This consensus has been reviewed and published by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， with the number GS/CACM330-2023.

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a refractory condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the bladder wall, disruption of the urothelial barrier, and neural sensitization. Current therapies, such as oral pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) or intravesical hyaluronic acid instillations, offer limited efficacy due to transient effects and an inability to reverse tissue fibrosis. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a regenerative medicine approach, has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in urological disorders through the synergistic actions of its multiple growth factors. This review summarizes the latest advances in PRP therapy for IC/BPS, revealing that the underlying mechanisms primarily involve the release of diverse growth factors, suppression of inflammatory responses, restoration of the urothelial barrier, and modulation of nerve axonal regeneration. Clinically, PRP therapy significantly alleviates symptoms including pelvic/bladder pain, urinary frequency, nocturia episodes, and improves patients'quality of life. Furthermore, it offers advantages such as convenient administration, a favorable safety profile, and strong feasibility, presenting new therapeutic methods and options for the clinical treatment of IC/BPS.

To investigate the impact and underlying mechanism of NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2) on gastric cancer progression, TCGA database was used and revealed a significant upregulation of NSUN2 expression in gastric cancer tissues. Western blot analysis revealed that NSUN2 was upregulated in gastric cancer cells compared with gastric mucosal epithelial cells. Colony formation assays demonstrated an enhanced colony-forming capacity in NSUN2-overexpressing cells. Furthermore, Transwell assays showed a marked increase in cell migration and invasion upon high NSUN2 expression. Moreover, TCGA database analysis suggested ARMC9 as a potential downstream target of NSUN2. Subsequently, MeRIP-qPCR analysis revealed that NSUN2 overexpression could increase m5C modification of ARMC9 mRNA, and reduce its degradation rate, thus enhancing protein expression. Additionally, ARMC9 overexpression augmented cellular colony formation and migratory and invasive capabilities. These findings indicate that NSUN2 promotes gastric cancer progression by elevating m5C modification of ARMC9 mRNA, increasing its stability and enhancing its expression, therefore, NSUN2 and ARMC9 may serve as potential therapeutic targets for gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the causes of intracranial infection after endoscopic microvascular decom-pression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in a teaching hospital.METHODS An epidemiological survey was conducted on 2 patients(F and Z)who developed intracranial infections after microvascular decompression for trigemi-nal neuralgia in the department of neurosurgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University in July 2024.Bacteriolog-ical sampling and culture were carried out for the staff,environment and materials involved in the surgery.The homology of strains between the strains recovered from the patients and those from the environmental was analyzed by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)and second-generation illumina sequencing.RESULTS All the three electric ra-zors that were used for preoperative shaving of the patients were found to be contaminated with Enterobacter hor-maechei and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Enterobacter hormaechei strain(E1)and K.pneumoniae strains(K1 to K4)were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of patient F.Enterobacter hormaechei strains(E2 and E3)were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and wound secretion of patient Z.PFGE analysis showed that the E.hormaechei strains(E1,E2 and E3)isolated from the patients were homologous to the strains of E.hormaechei isolated from the electric shavers(B2-E,B3-E and B4-E),and all these strains were of ST50 type and carried blaACT-15 and 6laCTX-M-3 genes,and that the K.pneumoniae strains(K1-K4)were also homologous to the K.pneumoniae strains isolated from the electric shavers(B2-K,B3-K and B4-K),and all these strains were of ST8 type and car-riedblaSHV-164 and blaTEM-1A genes.CONCLUSIONS The intracranial infections that occur after endoscopic microvas-cular decompression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia are related to the preoperative use of electric shavers contaminated with E.hormaechei and K.pneumonia during skin preparation.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out the disinfection of electric shavers that are used for skin preparation and monitor the disinfection effect.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical efficacy and experience of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome (KMS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of pediatric patients with KMS who underwent ultrasound-guided RFA in Department of Hemangioma Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between March 2018 and March 2024. Preoperative laboratory tests and imageological examination were performed. Under general anesthesia, the working tip of the RFA electrode needle was precisely reached the bottom of the lesion under ultrasound guidance. The electrode needle was then gradually withdrawn until the entire lesion area was covered by hyperechoic signals, indicating complete ablation. Postoperative symptomatic and supportive treatments, such as ice pack application and dressing changes, were administered to the surgical area. Platelet detection was performed immediately after the operation. Complications were closely monitored and regular follow-ups were carried out.Results:A total of 30 pediatric patients were included, comprising 14 males and 16 females, from 10 min to 5 months and 29 d after birth, with a median time of 6 d. Lesions were located in the limbs and trunk in 27 cases, and head and neck region in 3 cases, with lesion volumes ranged from 2.4 cm×2.3 cm×1.2 cm to 14.4 cm×9.3 cm×3.3 cm. The mean preoperative platelet count was 43×10 9/L, among them, the platelet values of 11 cases were (10-30) ×10 9/L, and those of 6 cases were lower than 10×10 9/L, other 13 cases with progressive thrombocytopenia. All patients successfully underwent RFA, achieving complete lesion ablation and normalization of platelet counts postoperatively. Platelet counts recovered to above 300×10 9/L in 15 patients, with no severe complications observed. The RFA area became slightly hardened within 7 d postoperatively but gradually returned to normal after consistent dressing changes for 2 weeks. During the follow-up period of 6 months to 2 years, complete lesion ablation was confirmed, with disappearance of the mass, no recurrence, good local function, mild local scar formation, and satisfactory cosmetic appearance. Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided RFA for KMS has advantages of favorable therapeutic outcomes, minimal tissue damage, no significant complications, and satisfactory cosmetic result.

Objective:To compare the performance of 4 mainstream convolutional neural network models in one-step automatic di-agnosis of cervical vertebra maturation(CVM)and sagittal skeletal type on lateral cephalogram.Methods:600 lateral cephalograms were collected.2 orthodontists were included to determine the stage of CVM and semi-automatic measurement of sagittal skeletal type.After the data set was enhanced,80％was used as the training set and 20％as the test set.The same training method was used to compare the performance of convolutional neural network models of InceptionV3,ResNet50,ShuffleNetV2 and VGG16).Results:The accuracy of InceptionV3,ResNet50,ShuffleNetV2 and VGG16 in distinguishing CVM stage was 98.44％,89.85％,60.55％and 67.97％,and the accuracy of sagittal bone surface classification 96.56％,92.19％,80.00％and 88.13％,respec-tively.Conclusion:Among the 4 convolutional neural network models,InceptionV3 has the best overall learning performance for CVM stage and sagittal skeletal type classification.

Objective:Comparative clinical outcome and satisfaction analysis of latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction versus prosthetic breast reconstruction in the surgical management of female breast cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analysed 102 female breast cancer patients diagnosed in the Department of Breast Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University between Jan. 2020 and Dec. 2022, and collected clinical data from the latissimus dorsi muscle reconstruction group and the prosthesis reconstruction group, comparing them in terms of operation time, postoperative complications, average length of hospital stay, total hospitalization cost, postoperative satisfaction, and cosmetic effect.Results:Patients in both the latissimus dorsi muscle group and the prosthesis group underwent successful surgery. There were significant statistical differences between the two groups in terms of nipple preservation, radiotherapy, surgery time, average postoperative hospitalization time, total hospitalization costs, overall satisfaction, and social satisfaction ( P<0.001) . Conclusions:In female breast cancer, latissimus dorsi reconstruction has fewer complications and higher satisfaction than prosthetic reconstruction, and it can be popularized in the clinic.

Objective:Comparative clinical outcome and satisfaction analysis of latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction versus prosthetic breast reconstruction in the surgical management of female breast cancer.Methods:We retrospectively analysed 102 female breast cancer patients diagnosed in the Department of Breast Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University between Jan. 2020 and Dec. 2022, and collected clinical data from the latissimus dorsi muscle reconstruction group and the prosthesis reconstruction group, comparing them in terms of operation time, postoperative complications, average length of hospital stay, total hospitalization cost, postoperative satisfaction, and cosmetic effect.Results:Patients in both the latissimus dorsi muscle group and the prosthesis group underwent successful surgery. There were significant statistical differences between the two groups in terms of nipple preservation, radiotherapy, surgery time, average postoperative hospitalization time, total hospitalization costs, overall satisfaction, and social satisfaction ( P<0.001) . Conclusions:In female breast cancer, latissimus dorsi reconstruction has fewer complications and higher satisfaction than prosthetic reconstruction, and it can be popularized in the clinic.

AIM:To investigate the effects of emo-din on autophagy and apoptosis in rats with severe pneumonia(KP)caused by K.pneumoniae and its possible mechanism.METHODS:The KP rat model was established by infecting K pneumonia was treat-ed with Emodin.The rats were grouped into Sham surgery group,KP group,low concentration Emodin group,medium concentration Emodin group,high concentration Emodin group,and Emodin+sirtinol(SIRT1 activity inhibitor)group;Arterial partial pres-sure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),arterial partial pres-sure of oxygen(PaO2)and arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2)were measured by blood gas analyzer;the white blood cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveo-lar lavage fluid(BALF)were measured by Wright-Gi-emsa staining;HE staining was applied to detect pathological changes in lung tissue in each group;ELISA was applied to detect the expression of IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-1β in lung tissues of each group;elec-tron microscopy scanning was applied to observe the autophagy of cells in lung tissues of each group;the expression of LC3B in lung tissues was observed by immunofluorescence staining;TUNEL method was applied to detect changes in cell apoptosis in lung tissue of rats in each group;Western blot was applied to detect the expression of silent informa-tion regulatory factor(SIRT1),adenosine monophos-phate activated protein kinase(AMPK),LC3-Ⅱ,LC3-Ⅰ,c-caspase-3,and caspase-3 proteins in lung tissue.RESULTS:K.pneumoniae caused severe lung tissue damage in rats with pneumonia,increased inflam-matory infiltration and cytokine release in the lungs,arterial blood PaO2 and SaO2 levels de-creased,PaCO2 levels increased,white blood cells and neutrophils count increased in BALF,increased cell apoptosis rate and c-caspase-3/caspase-3 level,and the cell autophagy and the levels of autophagy related proteins LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were decreased(all P＜0.05),after Emodin treatment,SIRT1/AMPK signal-ing pathway was activated,PaO2 and SaO2 levels in arterial blood were increased,PaCO2 levels was de-creased,inflammatory reaction was inhibited,cell apoptosis in lung tissue was inhibited(all P＜0.05),and cell autophagy level was restored,sirtinol,a SIRT1 inhibitor,partially reversed the therapeutic ef-fect of Emodin on KP rats after inhibiting SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Emodin may enhance autophagy of lung tissue cells and inhibit apoptosis of rat lung tissue cells by acti-vating SIRT1/AMPK pathway,which may provide po-tential therapeutic options for KP.

Objective:To compare the performance of 4 mainstream convolutional neural network models in one-step automatic di-agnosis of cervical vertebra maturation(CVM)and sagittal skeletal type on lateral cephalogram.Methods:600 lateral cephalograms were collected.2 orthodontists were included to determine the stage of CVM and semi-automatic measurement of sagittal skeletal type.After the data set was enhanced,80％was used as the training set and 20％as the test set.The same training method was used to compare the performance of convolutional neural network models of InceptionV3,ResNet50,ShuffleNetV2 and VGG16).Results:The accuracy of InceptionV3,ResNet50,ShuffleNetV2 and VGG16 in distinguishing CVM stage was 98.44％,89.85％,60.55％and 67.97％,and the accuracy of sagittal bone surface classification 96.56％,92.19％,80.00％and 88.13％,respec-tively.Conclusion:Among the 4 convolutional neural network models,InceptionV3 has the best overall learning performance for CVM stage and sagittal skeletal type classification.