It is believed that dampness is a key pathological factor contributing to digestive dysfunction in chronic renal failure. Damp pathogens tend to be entangled with or transformed into other pathogenic factors， obstructing the flow of qi， disturbing the functions of the zang-fu organs， and impairing the spleen and stomach's transportation and transformation functions， ultimately leading to disease onset. Based on this understanding， the treatment principle emphasizes dispelling dampness， regulating qi， and harmonizing the five zang organs. For the syndrome of spleen and kidney qi deficiency with dampness， the self-formulated Buyuan Fengzang Decoction （补元封藏煎） is used to tonify the kidney， secure essence， strengthen the spleen， and eliminate dampness. For the syndrome of turbid dampness obstructing the lung and stomach， the self-formulated Sulian Xiexin Decoction （苏连泻心汤） is applied to open with acrid， descend with bitter， dry dampness， and discharge turbidity. For the syndrome of dampness stagnating and transforming into heat， with concurrent spleen deficiency and liver qi stagnation， the self-formulated Chailian Wendan Decoction （柴连温胆汤） is employed to soothe the liver， strengthen the spleen， and disperse the accumulation. For the syndrome of damp obstruction with qi stagnation and constrained yang， the self-formulated Caozhi Erchen Decoction （草知二陈汤） is used to resolve dampness， relieve constraint， raise yang， and promote the defensive qi.

Acute lung injury （ALI） is a common clinical inflammatory respiratory emergency with high morbidity and mortality， for which there is no effective and safe therapeutic drug. Nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， as a classic inflammatory signaling pathway， can interact with upstream and downstream regulatory factors such as Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， mitogen- activated protein kinase （MAPK）， nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 （NLRP3）， high mobility group box-1 protein 1 （HMGB1）， to jointly affect ALI. This review summarizes the latest research findings in recent years regarding the treatment of ALI through traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） interventions targeting NF-κB signaling pathways. It has been found that a variety of TCM monomers （danshensu methyl ester， salidroside total glycosides， berberine， Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides， ursolic acid， chrysophanol， and polyphenols from longan seed kernels， etc.） and compound formulas （Resolving-dampness and defeating-toxins formula， Jinyin qingre oral liquid， Xuebijing injection， Combined treatment of lung and intestine， Huangqi baihe decoction， etc.） can modulate NF-κB signaling pathway， and can prevent and control ALI by inhibiting inflammation， improving oxidative stress， reducing apoptosis and modulating the intestinal flora in a multi-pathway manner.

OBJECTIVE To establish the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)fingerprint of Jingtian granule,and to evaluate its quality by chemical pattern recognition.METHODS Luna? Omega Polar C18 column(150 mmX2.1 mm,1.6 μm)was used as the chromatographic column,and acetonitrile-0.2％phosphoric acid solution was used as the mobile phase for gradient elution.The flow rate was 0.2 mL/min,the column temperature was 30 ℃,and the detection wavelength was 265 nm.With peak 16 as the reference peak,the UPLC fingerprint of Jingtian granule was established by the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012 edition).The common peaks were identified,the similarity evaluation was carried out,and the ownership of each common peak was confirmed.Hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)and principal component analysis(PCA)in chemical pattern recognition methods were used to classify 13 batches of samples(S1-S13),and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)was used to identify the key components of the differences between different batches of samples.RESULTS RSDs of precision,repeatability and stability of the UPLC method were not more than 4.4％.A total of 25 common peaks were identified in the fingerprints of 13 batches of Jingtian granules.By comparing with the reference substance fingerprint,10 common peaks were identified,namely peak 3(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde),peak 5(salidroside),peak 8(chlorogenic acid),peak 15(cinnamic acid),peak 19(aloe-emodin),peak 20(ammonium glycyrrhizinate),peak 21(rhein),peak 23(emodin),peak 24(glycyrrhetinic acid),peak 25(chrysophanol).The similarities of fingerprints of 13 batches of samples were 0.955-0.996.The results of HCA showed that 13 batches of samples could be divided into three categories,among which samples S1,S5,S7,S11-S13 were clustered in one category,S4 and S6 were clustered in one category,S2,S3 and S8-S10 were clustered in one category.PCA results showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of principal components 1-7 was 92.666％.OPLS-DA further identified 13 differential components,which were mainly derived from Polygonati Rhizoma with wine steaming,Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix Et Rhizoma,prepared Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizome Praeparata Cum Melle.CONCLUSIONS The established UPLC fingerprint of Jingtian granule is simple,stable and reproducible.Combined with the chemical pattern recognition method,it can effectively reveal the overall quality difference between different batches of Jingtian granule.The quality of Polygonati Rhizoma with wine steaming,Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix Et Rhizoma,prepared Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma,Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma,Polyporus,Cinnamomi Ramulus,Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizome Praeparata Cum Melle is the key to the overall quality of Jingtian granule.

[Objective]To investigate Professor BA Yuanming's experience in the treatment of simple renal cyst(SRC) based on the theory of the deficient kidney and the gathering of blood stasis and accumulation,Combining with orgams syndrome differentiation.[Methods]Through clinical shadowing and the collection of medical records of outpatients with SRC,Professor BA's academic thinking and clinical experience in the treatment of SRC based on the theory of the deficient kidney and the gathering of blood stasis and accumulation were summarized and discussed,and a case was attached to prove it.[Results]Professor BA believes that the main etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are owing to the deficient kidney and the gathering of blood stasis and accumulation.Treatment should focus on eliminating accumulation and removing stasis,tonifying the kidney and protecting the essence.Clinically,the self-formulated Jinku Erxian Dihuang Decoction can be effectively used for treatment,which includes the combination of Zhibai Dihuang Decoction and Shuilu Erxian Pellet,added with Prunella vulgaris and chicken nugget.The attached SRC case showed the deficiency of Qi and Yin,with blood stasis,treated with the method of nourishing Yin and kidney,and reducing the accumulation and eliminating dampness,administered with Jinku Erxian Dihuang Decoction tailored according to the syndromes,and achieved good curative effect.[Conclusion]Professor BA's treatment of SRC is based on the theory of the deficient kidney and the gathering of blood stasis and accumulation and is highly effective,which provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of SRC.

[Objective]To investigate Professor BA Yuanming's experience in the treatment of simple renal cyst(SRC) based on the theory of the deficient kidney and the gathering of blood stasis and accumulation,Combining with orgams syndrome differentiation.[Methods]Through clinical shadowing and the collection of medical records of outpatients with SRC,Professor BA's academic thinking and clinical experience in the treatment of SRC based on the theory of the deficient kidney and the gathering of blood stasis and accumulation were summarized and discussed,and a case was attached to prove it.[Results]Professor BA believes that the main etiology and pathogenesis of this disease are owing to the deficient kidney and the gathering of blood stasis and accumulation.Treatment should focus on eliminating accumulation and removing stasis,tonifying the kidney and protecting the essence.Clinically,the self-formulated Jinku Erxian Dihuang Decoction can be effectively used for treatment,which includes the combination of Zhibai Dihuang Decoction and Shuilu Erxian Pellet,added with Prunella vulgaris and chicken nugget.The attached SRC case showed the deficiency of Qi and Yin,with blood stasis,treated with the method of nourishing Yin and kidney,and reducing the accumulation and eliminating dampness,administered with Jinku Erxian Dihuang Decoction tailored according to the syndromes,and achieved good curative effect.[Conclusion]Professor BA's treatment of SRC is based on the theory of the deficient kidney and the gathering of blood stasis and accumulation and is highly effective,which provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of SRC.

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the most common thyroid dysfunction, and its relationship with blood pressure (BP) has been controversial. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between SCH and newly-diagnosed hypertension. Methods: Based on data from the Thyroid disease, Iodine nutrition and Diabetes Epidemiology (TIDE) study, 49,433 euthyroid individuals and 7,719 SCH patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled. Patients with a history of hypertension or thyroid disease were excluded. SCH was determined by manufacturer reference range. Overall hypertension and stage 1 and 2 hypertension were diagnosed according to the guidelines issued by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association in 2017. Results: The prevalence of overall hypertension (48.7%), including stage 1 (28.9%) and 2 (19.8%) hypertension, increased significantly in SCH patients compared with euthyroid subjects. With elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, the hypertension prevalence also increased significantly from the euthyroid to different SCH subgroups, which was more profound in females or subjects aged <65 years. The age- and sex-specific regression analysis further demonstrated the same trends in the general population and in the 1:1 propensity matched population. Similarly, several BP components (i.e., systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP) were positively associated with TSH elevation, and regression analysis also confirmed that all BP components were closely related with SCH in female subjects aged <65 years. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension increases for patients with SCH. SCH tends to be associated with hypertension and BP components in females younger than 65 years.

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is the most common thyroid dysfunction, and its relationship with blood pressure (BP) has been controversial. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between SCH and newly-diagnosed hypertension. Methods: Based on data from the Thyroid disease, Iodine nutrition and Diabetes Epidemiology (TIDE) study, 49,433 euthyroid individuals and 7,719 SCH patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled. Patients with a history of hypertension or thyroid disease were excluded. SCH was determined by manufacturer reference range. Overall hypertension and stage 1 and 2 hypertension were diagnosed according to the guidelines issued by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association in 2017. Results: The prevalence of overall hypertension (48.7%), including stage 1 (28.9%) and 2 (19.8%) hypertension, increased significantly in SCH patients compared with euthyroid subjects. With elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, the hypertension prevalence also increased significantly from the euthyroid to different SCH subgroups, which was more profound in females or subjects aged <65 years. The age- and sex-specific regression analysis further demonstrated the same trends in the general population and in the 1:1 propensity matched population. Similarly, several BP components (i.e., systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP) were positively associated with TSH elevation, and regression analysis also confirmed that all BP components were closely related with SCH in female subjects aged <65 years. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension increases for patients with SCH. SCH tends to be associated with hypertension and BP components in females younger than 65 years.

Objective To investigate the function of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in pancreatic injury and systematic inflammatory response in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis ( ANP) . Methods SD rats were randomly divided into the ANP group (n=48), ANP+JAK2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib group (ANP+R group, n=48), ANP+STAT3 inhibitot Stattic group (ANP+S group, n=48), ANP+Ruxolitinib+Stattic group (ANP+R+S group, n=48), and sham operation group (SO group, n=48). 5％ sodium taurocholate injection via retrograde pancreatobiliary duct was used to establish ANP model. Blood samples from abdominal aorta and pancreatic tissue were collected after 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 18 h after modeling. Serum amylase (AMY) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were tested. JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA expression and protein expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in pancreas were examined by RT qPCR and western blot, respectively. Results AMY, TNF-α and IL-4 in plasma, and JAK2 mRNA, STAT3 mRNA, p-JAK2 protein and p-STAT3 protein at different time points in ANP group were all obviously higher than those in SO group(P<0. 05). Serum AMY, TNF-αand IL-4 in ANP+R group, ANP+S group and ANP+R+S group at different time points were lower than those in ANP group [12 h (5391 ± 1009),(6130 ± 1227),(4818 ± 992)U/L vs (8524 ± 1360) U/L;(147.25 ± 27.85),(156.25 ± 23.17),(127.87 ± 21.39) ng/L vs (187.58 ±20.09)ng/L;(45.89 ±16.95),(50.19 ±15.87),(38.87 ±14.03)ng/L vs (58.85 ±9.34)ng/L] . JAK2 mRNA and p-JAK2 protein,STAT3 mRNA and p-STAT3 protein in ANP+R group and ANP+R+S group at different time points were obviously lower than those in ANP group (12 h 0. 357 ± 0. 091 vs 0. 597 ± 0. 121,1. 115 ± 0. 203 vs 1. 217 ± 0. 213,0. 361 ± 0. 089 vs 0. 489 ± 0. 097,0. 965 ± 0. 189 vs 1. 128 ± 0. 217, 0. 362 ± 0. 092 vs 0. 597 ± 0. 121,1. 107 ± 0. 212 vs 1. 217 ± 0. 213,0. 297 ± 0. 087 vs 0. 489 ± 0. 097,0. 713 ± 0. 184 vs 1. 128 ± 0. 217). STAT3 mRNA and p-STAT3 protein in ANP+S group were obviously lower than those in ANP group(0. 319 ± 0. 107 vs 0. 489 ± 0. 097,0. 849 ± 0. 177 vs 1. 128 ± 0. 217), and the difference was statistically different (P<0.05). Conclusions The activation of JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in pancreas may play a key role in the pathogenesis of systematic inflammatory response in ANP.

Hydronephrosis is a common and frequent clinical disease. With the extensive application of minimally invasive techniques of Western medicine, it can quickly remove the obstruction and eliminate water. However, there may be problems of easy recurrence after surgery, causing more serious irreversible kidney damage. TCM has a unique advantage in the treatment of hydronephrosis, which can radically relieve the pain of patients, prevent recurrence, and protect the kidney function. Professor SHAO Zhao-di thinks that the cause of hydronephros is deficiency of kidney qi, which affects the function of gasification. Therefore, the treatment should be nourishing qi to invigorate spleen and reinforcing kidney for diuresis. In clinical practice, Bixie Fenqing Decoction can be used to treat hydronephrosis, which can obtain good efficacy.

s:Professor SHAO Zhao-di is a famous old TCM doctor. She has been engaged in clinical of TCM for a long time, with extensive acquaintance and experiences. This article discussed three cases of her to treat allergic purpura nephritis.