Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of serum sIgE antibodies against four allergenic protein components of egg white in children with egg allergy,and then clarify the clinical application value of single component-resolved diagnostics of egg allergy.Methods Serum samples from 197 children with egg allergy were collected.The levels of serum sIgE antibodies against four major allergenic protein components of egg white,including ovomucin,ovalbumin,ovotransferrin,and lysozyme,were detected by the light-excited chemiluminescence assay(LiCA),and the distribution characteristics of sIgE antibodies were analyzed.Results The positive rates of serum sIgE antibodies against ovalbumin,ovomucin,ovotransferrin,and lysozyme in 197 chlidren with egg allergy were 77.16%(152/197),70.56%(139/197),35.02%(69/197),and 18.27%(36/197),respectively.The positive rate of serum sIgE antibody against both ovomucin and ovalbumin was 30.45%.There was a weak correlation between the levels of sIgE antibodies against egg and the cumulative levels of sIgE antibodies against four allergenic protein components(r=0.266 8,P＜0.05).There were signifi-cant individual differences in the levels of serum sIgE antibodies against four allergenic protein components of egg white in the children with egg allergy.Conclusion There is individual heterogeneity in the levels of serum sIgE antibodies against four components of egg white in the children with egg allergy.The detection of sIgE antibodies against egg white components can distinguish different forms of egg allergies,which is of great value for the accurate diagnosis and precise desensitization of children's egg allergy.

Objective:To explore the distribution of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) for children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin City and provide the evidences of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of atopic dermatitis and tested for serum sIgE in the Tianjin Children′s Hospital from March 2021 to February 2023. Using first detection results only, a total of 1 841 serum samples were tested for twenty common allergens. The method was the enzyme-linked immune capture assay. The allergen epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test based on the children′s characteristics and factors such as different sexes, ages and seasons by the mass data.Results:Among the 1 841 cases, the results showed that 1 247 (67.73%) were sensitized to at least 1 allergen-sIgE, comprising to 49.86% (918/1 841) to food allergen-sIgE and 47.96% (883/1 841) to aeroallergen-sIgE. The top three food allergens-sIgE were egg 32.10% (591/1 841), milk 25.91% (477/1 841) and wheat flour 14.61% (269/1 841); the top three positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were house dust 24.33% (448/1 841), alternaria 20.59% (379/1 841) and dermatophagoides farinae 14.83% (273/1 841). The positive rates of food allergens-sIgE were the highest in the 1-3 years old group (64.11%, 434/677) ( χ2=122.854, P<0.001), while the positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were higher in the 11-14 years old group (71.26%, 62/87) ( χ2=134.968, P<0.001). No seasonal difference was revealed in the overall positive rate of food allergen-sIgE and aeroallergen-sIgE ( χ2=4.047, P=0.256; χ2=7.549, P=0.056). The positive rates of soybean-sIgE and milk-sIgE were the highest in summer ( χ2=11.329, P=0.010; χ2=28.720 , P<0.001), whereas alternaria-sIgE and mugwort-sIgE were the highest in summer and autumn, respectively ( χ2=8.462, P=0.037; χ2=10.641 , P=0.014). Among the 1 841 cases, 32.21% were sensitized to three or more allergens-sIgE. The sIgE concentration levels of egg, milk and house dust were mainly level 1 to 2, and the proportions of level 3 and above were all under 15%; although the positive rates of crab, shrimp, and peanut were low, the proportions of grade 3 and above were all beyond 30%. Children sensitized to alternaria, dermatophagoides farinae, mugwort, and cat dander had higher sIgE concentration levels, which were 68.07%, 49.45%, 56.57% and 47.83% respectively. Conclusions:This study can reflect the epidemic characteristics of allergen-sIgE in children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin region to a certain extent. Allergen-sIgE positivity in patients differed by age, and there were seasonal differences and grade distribution differences in the positive rates of some allergens-sIgE. It is necessary to reasonably avoid the high-risk allergens according to the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, which provide valuable information for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Objective:To explore the distribution of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) for children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin City and provide the evidences of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of atopic dermatitis and tested for serum sIgE in the Tianjin Children′s Hospital from March 2021 to February 2023. Using first detection results only, a total of 1 841 serum samples were tested for twenty common allergens. The method was the enzyme-linked immune capture assay. The allergen epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test based on the children′s characteristics and factors such as different sexes, ages and seasons by the mass data.Results:Among the 1 841 cases, the results showed that 1 247 (67.73%) were sensitized to at least 1 allergen-sIgE, comprising to 49.86% (918/1 841) to food allergen-sIgE and 47.96% (883/1 841) to aeroallergen-sIgE. The top three food allergens-sIgE were egg 32.10% (591/1 841), milk 25.91% (477/1 841) and wheat flour 14.61% (269/1 841); the top three positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were house dust 24.33% (448/1 841), alternaria 20.59% (379/1 841) and dermatophagoides farinae 14.83% (273/1 841). The positive rates of food allergens-sIgE were the highest in the 1-3 years old group (64.11%, 434/677) ( χ2=122.854, P<0.001), while the positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were higher in the 11-14 years old group (71.26%, 62/87) ( χ2=134.968, P<0.001). No seasonal difference was revealed in the overall positive rate of food allergen-sIgE and aeroallergen-sIgE ( χ2=4.047, P=0.256; χ2=7.549, P=0.056). The positive rates of soybean-sIgE and milk-sIgE were the highest in summer ( χ2=11.329, P=0.010; χ2=28.720 , P<0.001), whereas alternaria-sIgE and mugwort-sIgE were the highest in summer and autumn, respectively ( χ2=8.462, P=0.037; χ2=10.641 , P=0.014). Among the 1 841 cases, 32.21% were sensitized to three or more allergens-sIgE. The sIgE concentration levels of egg, milk and house dust were mainly level 1 to 2, and the proportions of level 3 and above were all under 15%; although the positive rates of crab, shrimp, and peanut were low, the proportions of grade 3 and above were all beyond 30%. Children sensitized to alternaria, dermatophagoides farinae, mugwort, and cat dander had higher sIgE concentration levels, which were 68.07%, 49.45%, 56.57% and 47.83% respectively. Conclusions:This study can reflect the epidemic characteristics of allergen-sIgE in children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin region to a certain extent. Allergen-sIgE positivity in patients differed by age, and there were seasonal differences and grade distribution differences in the positive rates of some allergens-sIgE. It is necessary to reasonably avoid the high-risk allergens according to the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, which provide valuable information for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats（CRISPR）/CRISPR associated nuclease 9 （CRISPR/Cas9） is a self-defense system found in bacteria and archaea that enables targeted gene editing based on the principle. Due to its universality， efficiency， and simplicity， CRISPR/Cas9 has been applied in the pathological mechanism and prevention and treatment of diseases in many fields. Cerebrovascular diseases and central nervous system diseases seriously endanger human health. Stroke is related to genetics， unhealthy living habits， chronic diseases， and other factors. The brain tissue structure is complex and the cell types are diverse. It is difficult for a universal gene editing platform to study target genes safely， specifically， and efficiently. Scholars have continuously improved and optimized gene editing technology， explored the potential and research methods of gene editing technology， and promoted the research process of brain science. After a brief introduction to the mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9， this paper mainly summarized the optimization of the system in the fields of cerebral science including delivery methods， adeno-associated virus assembly， and new nanomaterials. Its application in cerebrovascular research including vascular homeostasis， microglial homeostasis， angiogenesis， blood-brain barrier， and drug screening was also summarized. Finally， this paper prospected the development of CRISPR/Cas9 in traditional Chinese medicine， hoping to provide references for related research design.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, apoptotic cell death caused by massive lipid peroxidation-mediated cell membrane damage. Recent evidence suggests that exosomes, as a 30-100 nm diameter follicular body, contain a variety of active ingredients such as proteins, various RNAs and lipids that can have a great impact on the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases by regulating cellular iron death. To this end, this paper elaborates the research significance of exosomes in the regulation of cell ferroptosis, analyzes their role in disease treatment, and reviews the relevant reports and studies on exosomes regulating cell ferroptosis in recent years.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship among spontaneous turning direction, balance ability and fall risk in patients with stroke during walking. MethodsFrom December, 2021 to November, 2022, 94 patients with stroke were recruited from Beijing Bo'ai Hospital. They were assessed with simple Timed 'Up and Go' Test (TUGT, TUGT1), TUGT with a cup in hand (TUGT2), and TUGT with calculation task (TUGT3). The spontaneous turning directions at the turn point were recorded, and the patients were divided into no-same group (n = 34) and same group, and the same group was further divided into affected group (n = 33) and unaffected group (n = 27), according to the spontaneous turning direction. After a spontaneous turning of each TUGT, the patients were asked to finish another TUGT turning to the opposite direction. And then, they were assessed with single leg standing test, Functional Reach Test (FRT), 360° turning test and the Morse Fall Scale (MFS). ResultsThere were the most patients with left hemiplegia in the affected group (χ² = 7.995, P < 0.05). The time of TUGT1, TUGT2 and TUGT3 was the most in the affected group and the least in the unaffected group (F > 4.009, P < 0.05), and it was more in the affected group than in the unaffected group as post-hoc test (P < 0.05). The one leg standing time (H = 9.403, P = 0.009) and FRT distance (F = 4.300, P = 0.016) were the least in the affected group and the most in the unaffected group, and it was less in the affected group than in the unaffected group as post-hoc test (P < 0.05). The turning time (F = 4.134, P = 0.019) and turning steps (F = 5.611, P = 0.003) were the most in the affected group and the least in the unaffected group, and it was more in the affected group than in the unaffected group as post-hoc test (P < 0.05). The score of MFS was the most in the affected group and the least in the unaffected group (H = 8.192, P = 0.017), and it was more in the affected group than in the unaffected group as post-hoc test (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe stroke patients spontaneously turning to the affected side during walking usually are poorer in balance function, and in a risk of fall.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor that more commonly occurs in children and adolescents. The most commonly used treatment for OS is surgery combined with chemotherapy, but the treatment outcomes are typically unsatisfactory. High rates of metastasis and post-treatment recurrence rates are major challenges in the treatment of OS. This underlines the need for studying the in-depth characterization of the pathogenetic mechanisms of OS and development of more effective therapeutic modalities. Previous studies have demonstrated the important role of the bone microenvironment and the regulation of signaling pathways in the occurrence and development of OS. In this review, we discussed the available evidence pertaining to the mechanisms of OS development and identified therapeutic targets for OS. We also summarized the available treatment modalities for OS and identified future priorities for therapeutics research.
Child ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Signal Transduction ; Bone and Bones/metabolism* ; Treatment Outcome ; Osteosarcoma/drug therapy* ; Tumor Microenvironment

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effect of Shenlian prescription on acute lung injury induced by particulate matter （PM） exposure in rats and explore the mechanism. MethodFifty male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， Shenlian low-dose group （4.32 g·kg^-1）， Shenlian high-dose group （8.64 g·kg^-1）， and roflumilast group （3.46 mg·kg^-1）， with 10 in each group. Pre-administration with drugs by gavage was performed for one week. On the 8^th and 11^th days， the control group was instilled with normal saline in the trachea and the other groups with PM suspension to establish a rat model of acute lung injury induced by PM exposure. After modeling， drugs were given continuously until the end of the experiment. Forty-eight hours after the last exposure， the lung function of rats was detected. Then the rats were sacrificed and the lung morphological changes and pathological changes by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining were observed. CD68 expression in lung was detected by immunohistochemistry， and the levels of lung injury markers surfactant protein A （SP-A） and Clara cell protein16 （CC16） in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The mRNA expression of interleukin-1α （IL-1α）， IL-6， IL-18， and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） in lung tissue was measured by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with those in the control group， the rats in the model group had decreased lung function and obvious structural damage of lung tissue， PM deposition， and infiltration of CD68 positive cells. The expressions of IL-1α， IL-6， IL-18， and MCP-1 in lung tissue were increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Shenlian prescription low and high doses restored the rats' lung function injury（P<0.05，P<0.01）， improved lung morphological and pathological structure， and reduced PM deposition. Infiltration of CD68 positive cells in lung was not significantly decreased. The levels of inflammatory factors IL-1α， IL -6， IL-18， and MCP-1 in lung were lowered （P<0.01）. ConclusionShenlian prescription could protect the rats' lung injury caused by PM exposure， improve lung morphology， and reduce PM deposition and inflammatory factor expression.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the influencing factors on unplanned shutdown of continuous blood purification, and to provide reference basis for the prevention of unplanned shutdown.Methods:The literatures related to the influencing factors of unplanned shutdown of continuous blood purification in CNKI, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Full-text Database, PubMed and Web of Science were searched.The retrieval time of Chinese database was from the establishment of the database to March 2021.English databases were searched from March 2016 to March 2021.Literature selection, quality evaluation and data extraction were independently conducted by two researchers, and Meta-analysis was performed by Stata 14.0 software.Results:A total of 11 studies were included, including 3 031 cases of continuous blood purification treatment and 1 412 cases of unplanned discontinuation.The combined OR value and 95% CI of all influencing factors were as follows: treatment mode 2.22 (1.06-4.62), blood flow velocity 0.91 (0.776-1.09), agitation 4.54 (2.33-8.86), ventilator 2.67 (1.63-4.38), transfusing blood products and fat milk 1.07 (0.34-3.36), one-time catheter success 0.26 (0.05-1.42), catheterization site (femoral vein vs.jugular vein) 2.24 (0.83-6.02). Conclusion:Unplanned deplaning is influenced by many factors.Treatment mode, agitation and ventilator use are the risk factors for unplanned deplaning.There is no correlation between blood flow velocity, transfusing blood products and fat milk, one-time catheterization success, catheterization site and unplanned deplaning.

Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is the death of the femoral head caused by long-term use of glucocorticoid (GC). Its pathological manifestations are mainly trabecular bone collapse and increased empty bone lacunas, osteocyte apoptosis rate and autophagy rate. Its pathogenesis is complicated, and the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of endogenous, non-coding small RNAs with an average length of 23 nucleotides. They are responsible for negatively regulating gene expression after transcription by inhibiting target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). MiRNAs play an important role in physiological processes, including cell development, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, migration and apoptosis. According to bioinformatics analysis, MiRNAs play an important role in regulating gene expression, and it is estimated that more than one-third of human genes are regulated by them. In the past few years, more and more miRNAs have been found to be related to osteonecrosis, such as regulating the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts. This article aims to review the relationship between steroid-induced femoral head necrosis and miRNAs.