Objective To evaluate the advantages of powder-liquid double-chamber bag products compared with traditional powder injection. Methods The systematic review method was used to collect the literature on powder-liquid double-chamber bag, extract common evaluation indicators, evaluate the use value of powder-liquid double-chamber bag products, and conduct a comprehensive comparison with traditional powder injection products. Results A total of 23 articles were included in the literature. The effectiveness indicators used for evaluation were the stability of the liquid medicine, the accuracy of the preparation concentration, and the residual amount of the liquid medicine; the safety indicators were the incidence of insoluble particles and the incidence of punctures and scratches. The economic indicators were preparation cost, occupied volume of preparation supplies, waste weight, hospitalization cost and incidence of blood infection. The applicability indicators were preparation time, average occupation of medical staff, packaging weight and storage and transportation volume, environmental adaptability, and ease of waste disposal. Accessibility indicators are the number of manufacturers, raw material supply capacity, and patient affordability. Through the evaluation of literature evidence, it was found that the stability and concentration accuracy of the powder-liquid double-chamber bag were higher than those of the traditional powder injection, and the domestic supply had been achieved. The double-chamber bag method can reduce the infusion reaction and shorten the preparation time of the liquid medicine. Conclusion Compared with traditional powder injectabler products, powder-liquid double-chamber bags have advantages in the dimensions of effectiveness, safety, economy, suitability and innovation, and the accessibility dimension meets the requirements.

In recent years,the rapid development of medical information technology has made it critical to analyze large-scale diagnosis and therapeutic data and extract rules based on real medical environment.This has become an essential approach for marketing evaluation and regulatory decision-making of drugs and devices both domestically and internationally.Real world study(RWS),as a novel methodology for clinical evaluation of drugs in the field of drug utilization research(DUR),have presented opportunities and challenges for observational studies in assessing actual efficacy or effectiveness.However,despite being a popular methodological approach among scholars in the field,there are still limitations and deficiencies when analyzing population medication characteristics in RWS.Systematic evaluation research methods have not yet been established,leading to inadequate generation of real-world evidence(RWE).The research design,methodological pathways,evaluation indicators,confounding factors,and bias management involved in DUR based on real-world data(RWD)were reviewed in this artical with the intention of providing guidance for further exploration into DUR.

Humans ; COVID-19/genetics* ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; RNA, Viral/genetics*

Objective To perform a visual bibliometric analysis of hot spots as well as areas of Brucella disease research by searching brucellosis related literature. Methods A thematic search was conducted in the web of science core set database using Brucella disease or brucellosis as keywords to retrieve literature between January 1985 and December 2021. CiteSpace was used to visualize the countries, institutions, authors, and keywords in the retrieved relevant literatures. Results A total of 4 495 eligible articles studies were included, with the United States being the most populous country and the University of Sao Paulo being the most influential. Jilin University and Shihezi University in Xinjiang, China were relatively influential in this field. For the key words analysis, the top 3 of high-frequency words were infection, diagnosis, abortion, and in the 12 clusters formed, the clusters formed by #1, #4 were larger and the research hotspot continued. Keywords in the last five years including human brucellosis, immunity, zoonotic disease, were highlighted. Conclusion Study analysis suggested that human brucellosis with zoonosis was a research hotspot, more scholars focused on the infectious route and other exposure risks of cattle as intermediate hosts, epidemiological studies on brucellosis or will be new trends.

Objective    To introduce a new method for identifying intersegmental planes during thoracoscopic segmentectomy using pulmonary circulation single-blocking in the target segment. Methods    To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 83 patients who underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy from January 2019 to March 2020 using the pulmonary circulation single-blocking method. There were 33 males and 50 females, with a median age of 54 (46-65) years, and they were divided into a single vein group (SVG, n=31) and a single artery group (SAG, n=52), and the clinical data of two groups were compared. Results    The intersegmental planes were identified successfully in both groups and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of intersegmental plane management (P=0.823), operating time (P=0.786), intraoperative blood loss (P=0.775), chest drainage time (P=0.659), postoperative hospital stay (P=0.824) or the incidence of postoperative complications (P=1.000). Conclusion    The use of pulmonary circulation single-blocking for intersegmental plane identification during thoracoscopic segmentectomy is safe and feasible, and the intersegmental plane can be satisfactorily identified by the single-blocking of arteries or veins.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness,safety and operability of different types of pre-hospital topical hemostatic dressings given the limited clinical evidence of pre-hospital topical hemostatic dressings so as to provide reference for the subsequent establishment of a comprehensive index system.Methods A systematic review method was used to sift through and summarize the evaluation indexes of zeolite,kaolin and chitosan.Results Fifteen studies were included,only one of which was randomized controlled trial(RCT)study,and the rest were descriptive studies,involving military and civilian subjects.All the three types of hemostatic dressings in the included studies had good haemostatic effects,but the amount of data was too limited to compare the haemostatic effects between different types.Except for zeolite wounds that were likely to be burned by exothermic heat,the other types caused few adverse reactions but with unclear operability.There was no data on stability and economy in the selected literature.Conclusion Considering the ideal hemostatic agent and the standard requirements of Chinese expert consensus,it is recommended that the indicators in follow-up studies include efficacy,safety,operability,stability and economy,and that preclinical animal studies be included to supplement related indicators.

Heart sound analysis is significant for early diagnosis of congenital heart disease. A novel method of heart sound classification was proposed in this paper, in which the traditional mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) method was improved by using the Fisher discriminant half raised-sine function (F-HRSF) and an integrated decision network was used as classifier. It does not rely on segmentation of the cardiac cycle. Firstly, the heart sound signals were framed and windowed. Then, the features of heart sounds were extracted by using improved MFCC, in which the F-HRSF was used to weight sub-band components of MFCC according to the Fisher discriminant ratio of each sub-band component and the raised half sine function. Three classification networks, convolutional neural network (CNN), long and short-term memory network (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) were combined as integrated decision network. Finally, the two-category classification results were obtained through the majority voting algorithm. An accuracy of 92.15%, sensitivity of 91.43%, specificity of 92.83%, corrected accuracy of 92.01%, and F score of 92.13% were achieved using the novel signal processing techniques. It shows that the algorithm has great potential in early diagnosis of congenital heart disease.
Humans ; Heart Sounds ; Algorithms ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis* ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Diabetes is the most important comorbidity of cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and disability of patients with type 2 diabetes. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, the National Health Commission Capacity Building and Continuing Education Center organized the experts from the field of cardiology and endocrinology systematically reviewing the research progresses and expert experiences of relevant disciplines from home and abroad, and formulated this consensus. This consensus covers the diagnosis, drug treatment, and risk factor management for patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease (including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure) from the perspective of cardiovascular disease and diabetes management aiming to strengthen the comprehensive management of patients and ultimately to improve the prognosis of patients. The management of cardiovascular diseases mainly includes the management of blood pressure, blood lipids, anti-thrombosis, anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-ventricular remodeling and so on. Diabetes management mainly includes lifestyle intervention (including diet, exercise, weight loss, etc.), anti-hyperglycemia therapy (including drugs and insulin), blood glucose monitoring, and hypoglycemic prevention. In addition, specific clinical recommendations are given to patients with special health care needs such as diabetic nephropathy, elderly (>75 years), and cardiovascular critical illness.

Objective:To explore the efficacy of different unipolar electrocoagulation power on pathological injury of porcine kidney suffering suture-free partial nephrectomy (SFPN).Methods:From April 2018 to July 2018, nine Guizhou pigs were selected, with an average age of 3 years and an average weight of 48 kg. According to different hemostatic power of unipolar electrocoagulation during open partial nephrectomy, they were divided into three groups(60W group, 80W group, and 100W group), with 3 in each group. The left kidney was exposed with a surgical incision, parallel to the lumbosacral muscle.The left renal artery was clamped and about 2 cm renal tissue was excised at the middle pole of the left kidney. 60W, 80W and 100W were used by unipolar electrocoagulation for hemostasis until no bleeding occurred after the artery clamp was released. The total ischemia time was controlled within 20 min. Temperature was measured by a multi-channel thermometer probe which was inserted into the healthy kidney tissue at a distance of 2 mm, 5 mm, and 10 mm away from the unipolar electrocoagulation hook, and the upper pole of the kidney far away from the operation area. The time of operation, the volume of renal bleeding, the time of hemostasis and the temperature were recorded. On the 7th day after operation, the left kidneys were taken and the pathological changes were observed by toluidine blue staining.Results:All operations were completed safely and successfully. The operation time in 60W group, 80W group, and 100W group was (41.2±5.5)min, (35.1±3.7)min, (31.3±2.2)min , respectively. There was no significant difference of operation time among those group ( P>0.05). The blood loss of renal was (35.3±4.1)ml, (21.4±4.7)ml, (15.3±4.1)ml, respectively. The blood loss in the 100W group and 80W group was less than that in the 60W group ( P<0.05). And the blood loss in the 100W group was less than that in the 80W group ( P<0.05). The hemostasis time was (15.2±1.9)min, (10.1±1.4)min, (6.4±0.8)min. The hemostasis time in the 100W and 80W groups was less than that in the 60W group ( P<0.05). And the hemostasis time in the 100W group was less than that in the 80W group ( P<0.05). At the place of 10 mm away from the electrocoagulation hook, the temperature in the three groups were (33.1±1.1)℃, (34.0±1.0)℃, (34.3±0.6)℃, which was not significantly different from that of the respective upper poles. And there was no significant difference between the three groups( P>0.05). At the place of 5 mm and 2 mm away from the electrocoagulation hook, the temperature in the 100W group (41.7±1.3)℃, (61.4±6.4)℃ and the 80W group (38.6±2.4)℃, (50.3±6.0)℃ was higher than that in the 60W group (36.9±4.1)℃, (42.0±4.7)℃, and the temperature in 100W group is higher than that in 80W group ( P<0.05). When the power was 60W, 80W or 100W, the temperature in the place 10 mm away from the electrocoagulation hook was less than that in the place 5 mm away from the electrocoagulation hook ( P<0.05), and the temperature of the place 5 mm away from the electrocoagulation hook was lower than that of the place 2 mm away from the electrocoagulation hook ( P<0.05). The total pathological injury depth of wounds in 60W, 80W, 100W group was (7 323±50)μm, (8 119±100)μm, (8 896±40)μm, respectively. The depth in 100W group and 80W group was deeper than that in 60W group ( P<0.05), and the depth in 100W group was deeper than that in 80W group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:In SFPN, the hemostatic effect of three different monopolar electrocoagulation output power is satisfactory. With the increase of power, the hemostasis speed is faster. However, the temperature of surrounding healthy renal tissue would be higher, and the total pathological injury depth would be deeper.