Periodontitis has emerged as one of the most critical oral diseases, and research on this condition holds great importance for the advancement of stomatology. As the most authoritative national scientific research funding institution in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has played a pivotal role in driving the progress of periodontal science by supporting research on periodontitis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research and development progress related to periodontitis in China from 2014 to 2023, highlighting the significant contributions of the NSFC to this field. We have summarized the detailed funding information from the NSFC, including the number of applicant codes, funded programs and the distribution of funded scholars. These data illustrate the efforts of the NSFC in cultivating young scientists and building research groups to address key challenges in national scientific research. This study offers an overview of the current hot topics, recent breakthroughs and future research prospects related to periodontitis in China.
China ; Periodontitis ; Humans ; Foundations ; Research Support as Topic ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Dental Research/economics*

Mortality due to severe burns has always been at a high level. A large number of studies have shown that the rapid onset of infectious symptoms and rapid progression of severely burned patients are closely related to the occurrence of cytokine storm. However, in clinical practice, cytokine storm monitoring, early warning, and symptomatic treatment are still in exploratory stage. This article reviews the cytokine storm and its related cytokines, the mechanism, early warning, and treatment of cytokine storm induced by burn infection, aiming to provide clinical references for reducing infection and mortality in severely burned patients.

Objective:To retrospect the blood transfusion status of patients with extensive burns in multiple centers and analyze its influencing factors.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. Clinical data of 455 patients with extensive burns who met the inclusion criteria and were admitted to the burn centers of 3 hospitals from January 2016 to June 2022 were collected, including 202 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 179 patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and 74 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. The following data were collected from patients during their hospitalization, including infusion of red blood cells, plasma, and platelets during hospitalization; age, gender, body mass index, combined underlying diseases, cause of injury, time of admission after injury, type of admission, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, combination of inhalation injury, combination of other trauma, and combination of pulmonary edema; the blood lactic acid, serum creatinine, total bilirubin, and albumin values within 24 h of admission; combination of bloodstream, wound, lung, and urinary tract infection, and combination of sepsis; the number of escharectomy or tangential excision and skin grafting surgery (hereinafter referred to as surgery) and total surgical blood loss volume; occurrence of hemoglobin<70 g/L, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), conduction of mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), length of hospital stay, and prognosis were recorded. In 602 surgeries of patients within 14 days after injury, data including area of escharectomy or tangential excision and skin graft harvesting, duration of operation, and surgical blood loss volume per surgery, operation site, and use of tourniquet and wound graft were collected. Data were statistically analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman correlation analysis. Combined with the results of single factor analysis and clinical significance, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to screen the independent influencing factors of red blood cell infusion volume and plasma infusion volume, as well as blood loss volume per surgery. Results:During the whole hospitalization period, 437 (96.0%) patients received blood transfusion therapy, including 435 (95.6%) patients, 410 (90.1%) patients, and 73 (16.0%) patients who received transfusion of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets, respectively. The patients were mainly male, aged 18 to 92 years. There were statistically significant differences in the plasma infusion volume among patients with different combination of underlying disease, combination of inhalation injury, combination of other trauma, combination of pulmonary edema, combination of bloodstream infection, combination of wound infection, combination of lung infection, combination of urinary tract infection, combination of sepsis, occurrence of hemoglobin value <70 g/L, admission to ICU, conduction of mechanical ventilation, and conduction of CRRT (with Z values of -2.06, -4.67, -2.11, -6.13, -9.56, -4.93, -8.08, -4.78, -9.12, -6.55, -9.37, -11.46, and -7.17, respectively, P<0.05). The total burn area, full-thickness burn area, blood lactic acid value within 24 h of admission, serum creatinine value within 24 h of admission, albumin value within 24 h of admission, number of surgeries, and total surgical blood loss volume were correlated with the plasma infusion volume of patients (with r values of 0.39, 0.51, 0.14, 0.28, -0.13, 0.47, and 0.56, respectively, P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the red blood cell infusion volume among patients with different gender, combination of inhalation injury, combination of other trauma, combination of pulmonary edema, combination of bloodstream infection, combination of wound infection, combination of lung infection, combination of urinary tract infection, combination of sepsis, occurrence of hemoglobin value <70 g/L, admission to ICU, conduction of mechanical ventilation, and conduction of CRRT (with Z values of -2.00, -4.34, -3.10, -4.22, -8.24, -7.66, -8.62, -4.75, -7.42, -9.36, -6.12, and -8.31, -6.64, respectively, P<0.05). The age, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, blood lactic acid value within 24 h of admission, serum creatinine value within 24 h of admission, total bilirubin value within 24 h of admission, number of surgeries, and total surgical blood loss volume were correlated with the red blood cell infusion volume of patients (with r values of 0.12, 0.22, 0.49, 0.09, 0.18, 0.13, -0.15, 0.69, and 0.77, respectively, P<0.05). Combined underlying diseases, full-thickness burn area, combined pulmonary edema, serum creatinine value within 24 h of admission, combined sepsis, conduction of CRRT, number of surgeries, and total surgical blood loss volume were the independent influencing factors for plasma infusion volume during hospitalization in patients with extensive burns (with standardized regression coefficients of 0.09, 0.16, 0.12, 0.07, 0.11, 0.15, 0.31, and 0.26, respectively, P<0.05). Female, full-thickness burn area, serum creatinine value within 24 h of admission, combined sepsis, occurrence of hemoglobin value <70 g/L, conduction of CRRT, and total surgical blood loss volume were the independent influencing factors for red blood cell infusion volume during hospitalization in patients with extensive burns (with standardized regression coefficients of 0.10, 0.12, 0.10, 0.11, 0.05, 0.19, and 0.54, respectively, P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in blood loss volume per surgery of patients with different surgical site and wound graft (with Z values of -2.54 and -2.27, respectively, P<0.05). The area of escharectomy or tangential excision and skin graft harvesting and duration of operation were correlated with the blood loss volume per surgery of patients (with r values of 0.40 and 0.21, respectively, P<0.05). The area of escharectomy or tangential excision and skin graft harvesting, duration of operation, and active wound grafts were the independent influencing factors for blood loss volume per surgery of patients with extensive burns (with standardized regression coefficients of 0.41, 0.16, and 0.12, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions:The major factors influencing blood transfusion status in patients with extensive burns are female, combined underlying diseases, full-thickness burn area, serum creatinine value within 24 h of admission, combined pulmonary edema, occurrence of hemoglobin value <70 g/L, combined sepsis, conduction of CRRT, number of surgery, and total surgical blood loss volume. In addition, the area of escharectomy or tangential excision and skin graft harvesting, duration of operation, and active wound grafts indirectly affect the patient's blood transfusion status by affecting the blood loss volume per surgery.

Objective : To investigate the effect of miR-135a-5p on the expression levels of insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) and testosterone in the testicular tissues of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism mouse． Methods : A model of flutamide-induced cryptorchidism in mouse was constructed，and the experiment was divided into normal control group，flutamide group，flutamide + miR-135a-5p knockdown group and flutamide + miR-135a-5p overexpression group. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-135a-5p and INSL3 mRNA．Western blot was em- ployed to assess the protein expression level of INSL3．ELISA was performed to measure the expression level of tes- tosterone. Results : The expression levels of miR-135a-5p，INSL3 mRNA and protein and testosterone were significantly down-regulated in the testis of cryptorchid mice by flutamide (P＜0. 05) ．Knockdown of miR-135a-5p could downregulate the expression of INSL3 mRNA，INSL3 protein and testosterone (P ＜0. 01 ) ，while overexpression of miR-135a-5p had the opposite result． Conclusion miR-135a-5p decreased in flutamide-induced cryptorchidism mouse testicular tissues，and overexpression of miR-135a-5p could restore the expression levels of INSL3 and testosterone.

Objective:To develop a remote training system for CT simulation positioning of radiotherapy using virtual reality technology, and to explore a new method of medical training.Methods:The 3DMax and Maya were employed to establish the 3D model. The unity3D engine was adopted to develop 3D virtual operation and interaction system. Java spring MVC architecture was utilized as the system background service. MySQL was used as the background database system. The users were assigned into two roles: teacher and student, and the modes were divided into teaching and assessment modes.Results:The function of the system covered the whole process of CT simulation positioning, mainly including modules of patient information management, CT simulation positioning machine cognition, body position fixation technology, CT positioning scanning, and emergency handling, etc. Since it was put into use in 2018, the system has been running stably, with 14 920 pages views and an 86.66% pass rate. Compared with the traditional training, the training efficiency has been significantly improved and has received unanimous recognition.Conclusions:The remote training system can effectively improve the clinical practice ability and humanistic care ability of the trainees, which has good autonomy, sharing, and innovation. At present, the system has been put online and has strong popularization with prospects for broad application.

Objective: To observe the safety and effects of application of analgesic and sedative drugs in severely burned patients during shock stage. Methods: One hundred and eighty patients with severe burns, conforming to the study criteria, were admitted to our unit from August 2014 to August 2016. Patients were divided into analgesia and sedation group and control group according to whether receiving analgesic and sedative treatment or not, with 90 cases in each group. Patients in control group received conventional treatment, while those in analgesia and sedation group received analgesic and sedative treatment for 24 hours besides conventional treatment. Before and at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24, pain degree of patients in two groups was scored by visual analogue scale (VAS). At drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24, sedation degree of patients in two groups was scored by richmond agitation sedation scale, and the success rate of sedation was calculated. Mental state of patients within 24 hours of drug administration was observed, while pulse oxygen saturation (SpO₂), respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure were observed and dynamically evaluated every 2 hours. The accidental extubation, tachycardia, hypertension, hypoxia, bradycardia, hypotension, urinary retention, and respiratory depression of patients within 24 hours of drug administration were monitored and recorded. Data were processed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, one-way analysis of variance, t test, chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Fisher′s exact probability test. Results: (1) The VAS scores of patients in two groups were close before drug administration (t=0.675, P>0.05). The VAS scores of patients in analgesia and sedation group at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24 were (3.8±0.4), (3.9±0.6), (3.9±0.5), and (3.9±0.9) points, respectively, significantly lower than (6.0±0.9), (6.0±1.2), (6.2±0.6), and (6.3±0.4) points in control group (t=0.785, 0.730, 0.805, 0.895, P<0.05). The success rate of sedation of patients in analgesia and sedation group at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24 were 91.1% (82/90), 86.7% (78/90), 93.3% (84/90), and 90.0% (81/90), respectively, significantly higher than 7.8% (7/90), 6.7% (6/90), 14.4% (13/90), and 5.6% (5/90) in control group (Z=8.035, 7.946, 8.129, 8.014, P<0.05). (2) The respiratory rate of patients in analgesia and sedation group at drug administration hour 8, 16, and 24 were (15.78±0.69), (16.08±0.59), and (16.21±0.20) times per minute, and the heart rate were (87±9), (83±7), and (76±9) times per minute, respectively, significantly lower than (16.80±0.81), (17.09±0.50), and (17.02±0.61) times per minute and (89±8), (86±7), and (85±6) times per minute in control group (t=7.655, 7.022, 6.536, -6.931, -7.053, -10.196, P<0.01). There were no statistically significant difference in SpO₂, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure before and at drug administration hour 2, 8, 16, and 24 between the two groups (t=3.417, -2.894, -6.501, -3.719, -4.573, 2.336, 3.315, 0.942, -1.583, 1.907, 1.147, -0.968, 0.931, -1.682, 1.076, P>0.05). (3) The rates of respiratory depression, hypoxia, bradycardia, urinary retention, and hypotension of patients in the two groups were close (χ²=0.310, P>0.05). The rates of hypertension, accidental extubation, and tachycardia of patients in analgesia and sedation group were significantly lower than those in control group (χ²=16.364, 5.143, 73.309, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions Proper application of analgesic and sedative drugs in severely burned patients during shock stage has good clinical effect with low incidence rates of complications.

Objective To analyze the effect of the new conformal index(nCI)and the conventional conformal index(CI)on the treament planning quality of lung stereotopic radiotherapy(SBRT).Methods A total of 19 peripheral lung cancer patients,treated with SBRT in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from 2014 to 2017,were analyzed retrospectively.Each patient was planned twice yielding identical CI and nCI.The prescription to 95％of planning target volume(PTV)was 48 Gy in four fractions,and renormalization was performed when needed for nineteen nCI plans.The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine the dosimetric index.Results The dose conformity plots indicate that nCI does not only reflect the dose to the organ at risk outside tumor,but also represents the dose distribution in the PTV.In addition,nCI was stricter with treatment planning qualities when the dose around PTV was closer to the prescribed dose.The value of target coverage(TC),the ratio of out-of-target volumes receiving 105％prescribed dose to the target volume(R105％),the ratio of volume covered by 50％isodose line to the target volume(R50％),and the ipsilateral lung V20were 98.70％,0.56,5.53,15.59％in the CI plans,vs.90％,0,4.99,14.42％in the corresponding nCI plans,respectively.All index were significantly lower in the nCI group(Z ＝-3.823,-3.180,-3.823,-3.783,respectively,P＜0.05).The ratio of the maximum dose to the 2 cm external margin from the PTV(D2 cm)to the maximum dose to the PTV were 63.70％and 64.07％respectively in the two groups,and the differences were not statistially significant(P＞0.05).The conformity values denoted a clinically favorable value as 1 between D95％and D99％of nCI plans,yet were not applicable to CI plans.Conclusions It is more clinically relavant to evaluate lung SBRT plans using nCI,TC and other indicators collectively than using CI alone.

BACKGROUND:Currently, there is no effective treatment for keloids that often recur. Its pathogenesis is stil entirely unclear, and fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis have become a research hotspot.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of Livin, Smac and Caspase-3 in keloids and to analyze their relationship so as to preliminarily explore the significance of Livin, Smac and Caspase-3 in the pathogenesis of keloids.
METHODS:RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Livin, Smac and Caspase-3 in keloids (n=20) and normal skin tissues (n=20).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal skin tissue, the mRNA and protein positive expressions of Livin were significantly higher in keloids (P < 0.05), while the mRNA and protein positive expressions of Smac and Caspase-3 were lower in keloids (P < 0.05). There was a negative association between Livin and Smac, Caspase-3 protein expression in keloids. These findings indicate that the high mRNA expression of Livin may cause the imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts by inhibiting the mRNA expression of Smac and Caspase-3, and eventualy lead to the formation of keloid.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of bladder hydrodistension and combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC) and evaluate its therapeutic efficacy.Methods Twenty-three confirmed IC patients were treated with bladder hydrodistension plus HBO therapy.Results Two IC patients abandoned the therapy,due to intolerance to HBO pressure,the remaining 21 patients all completed the prescheduled therapy.As compared with those before therapy,statistical significance could be noticed in the scores of interstitial cystitis symptom index (ICSI),maximum urine volume,visual analogue scale (VAS),24-hour urination and quality of life (QOL),following 3 and 6 months of treatment respectively.Interestingly,the therapeutic efficacy after 3 months of treatment was more prominent(P ＜ 0.05) Conclusions Bladder hydrodistentioa combined with HBO therapy was a safe and effective treatment method for IC.However,its long term effect remained to be seen.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of bladder hydrodistension and combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC) and evaluate its therapeutic efficacy.Methods Twenty-three confirmed IC patients were treated with bladder hydrodistension plus HBO therapy.Results Two IC patients abandoned the therapy,due to intolerance to HBO pressure,the remaining 21 patients all completed the prescheduled therapy.As compared with those before therapy,statistical significance could be noticed in the scores of interstitial cystitis symptom index (ICSI),maximum urine volume,visual analogue scale (VAS),24-hour urination and quality of life (QOL),following 3 and 6 months of treatment respectively.Interestingly,the therapeutic efficacy after 3 months of treatment was more prominent(P ＜ 0.05) Conclusions Bladder hydrodistentioa combined with HBO therapy was a safe and effective treatment method for IC.However,its long term effect remained to be seen.