BACKGROUND:When cultivating cells with high demand for structure and oxygen,it is necessary to construct a three-dimensional biological scaffold with hollow pipe structure to make sure the cells get enough nutrients and oxygen.In recent years,hydrogel tissue engineering scaffolds with hollow pipe structure have been paid more and more attention.OBJECTIVE:The biological scaffold material based on sodium alginate was combined with coaxial printing technology to prepare a tissue engineering scaffold with a hollow pipe structure,and the cells were inoculated by perfusion to verify its biological properties.METHODS:The sodium alginate-acrylamide mixed printing solution was prepared,and the parameters such as the printing speed of the inner and outer layers in the coaxial printing process,sodium alginate concentration,and calcium chloride concentration in the receiving dish were controlled to realize the printing of the tissue engineering scaffold with a hollow pipe—sodium alginate-polyacrylamide double-crosslinked hydrogel.The microstructure and elastic modulus of the scaffold were characterized.Mouse fibroblasts were injected into hollow pipes of tissue engineering scaffolds.Cell compatibility was observed by living/dead cell staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)By exploring the printing parameters in the printing process,when the inner printing speed was constant,the outer diameter of the hollow pipe increased with the increase of the flow rate of the outer printing solution,and the inner diameter increased slightly.When the flow rate of the outer layer printing solution was constant,and the flow rate of the inner layer solution was increased,the outer diameter of the hollow pipe was basically unchanged,and the inner diameter was significantly improved.(2)Experimental results showed that the concentration of sodium alginate was 2.5%.Excessive concentration was not conducive to the fusion of multi-layer structure layers,and the mechanical properties of hydrogels prepared at too low concentration were insufficient.(3)The elastic modulus of the double-crosslinked hydrogel was higher,generally higher than 200 kPa,and increased with the increase of the concentration of calcium chloride,and reached the maximum value of 375 kPa when the concentration of calcium chloride in the inner layer was 2%and the concentration of calcium chloride in the receiving dish was 0.3%.(4)The staining of live and dead cells after the tissue engineering scaffold perfusion cells in vitro showed that the cells were distributed along the axis of the hollow pipe and had a higher survival rate,but the cell concentration was lower than that during perfusion.(5)The results show that the sodium alginate-polyacrylamide double-crosslinked hydrogel has strong mechanical properties while retaining good biocompatibility,and can be used in the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds with hollow pipes,and the method of"first preparing the scaffold,then inoculating the cells"also avoids the traditional"cells and printing solution are mixed and then prepared"method to limit the scaffold material and processing method.

BACKGROUND:When cultivating cells with high demand for structure and oxygen,it is necessary to construct a three-dimensional biological scaffold with hollow pipe structure to make sure the cells get enough nutrients and oxygen.In recent years,hydrogel tissue engineering scaffolds with hollow pipe structure have been paid more and more attention.OBJECTIVE:The biological scaffold material based on sodium alginate was combined with coaxial printing technology to prepare a tissue engineering scaffold with a hollow pipe structure,and the cells were inoculated by perfusion to verify its biological properties.METHODS:The sodium alginate-acrylamide mixed printing solution was prepared,and the parameters such as the printing speed of the inner and outer layers in the coaxial printing process,sodium alginate concentration,and calcium chloride concentration in the receiving dish were controlled to realize the printing of the tissue engineering scaffold with a hollow pipe—sodium alginate-polyacrylamide double-crosslinked hydrogel.The microstructure and elastic modulus of the scaffold were characterized.Mouse fibroblasts were injected into hollow pipes of tissue engineering scaffolds.Cell compatibility was observed by living/dead cell staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)By exploring the printing parameters in the printing process,when the inner printing speed was constant,the outer diameter of the hollow pipe increased with the increase of the flow rate of the outer printing solution,and the inner diameter increased slightly.When the flow rate of the outer layer printing solution was constant,and the flow rate of the inner layer solution was increased,the outer diameter of the hollow pipe was basically unchanged,and the inner diameter was significantly improved.(2)Experimental results showed that the concentration of sodium alginate was 2.5%.Excessive concentration was not conducive to the fusion of multi-layer structure layers,and the mechanical properties of hydrogels prepared at too low concentration were insufficient.(3)The elastic modulus of the double-crosslinked hydrogel was higher,generally higher than 200 kPa,and increased with the increase of the concentration of calcium chloride,and reached the maximum value of 375 kPa when the concentration of calcium chloride in the inner layer was 2%and the concentration of calcium chloride in the receiving dish was 0.3%.(4)The staining of live and dead cells after the tissue engineering scaffold perfusion cells in vitro showed that the cells were distributed along the axis of the hollow pipe and had a higher survival rate,but the cell concentration was lower than that during perfusion.(5)The results show that the sodium alginate-polyacrylamide double-crosslinked hydrogel has strong mechanical properties while retaining good biocompatibility,and can be used in the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds with hollow pipes,and the method of"first preparing the scaffold,then inoculating the cells"also avoids the traditional"cells and printing solution are mixed and then prepared"method to limit the scaffold material and processing method.

AIM: To explore the improvement effect and mechanism of crocin on cognitive impairmrnt of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats. METHODS: The hippocampus of SD rats were injected with Aβ 25-35 to establish AD model, then rats were randomly divided into AD group, AD + low, medium, high dose of crocin groups (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) and AD + donepezil group (1 mg/kg), intraperitoneal injection treatment for 4 weeks, set sham group. Dark avoidance test and water maze test were used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of rats, ELISA was used to detect serum Aβ content, HE staining and Tunel staining were used to determine pathological changes and neuronal apoptosis of hippocampus of rats, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Brdu, Dcx and NeuN in hippocampus of rats, and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Aβ, DKK3, β-catenin, p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 in hippocampus of rats. RESULTS: Compared to sham group, the learning and memory abilities of AD group rats were decreased, serum Aβ content increased, the pathological change in hippocampus was serious, neuronal apoptosis was increased, the expression of Brdu, Dcx, NeuN were decreased, the protein expression of Aβ, DKK3, p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, Caspase-3, Bax were increased, protein expression of β-catenin, Bcl-2 were decreased (P<0.01). Compared to AD group, after the treatment of doses of crocin and donepezil, the learning and memory abilities of AD rats were improved, serum Aβ content were increased, and the pathological change in hippocampus were alleviated, neuronal apoptosis were reduced, the expression of Brdu, Dcx, NeuN were decreased, the protein expression of Aβ, DKK3, p-GSK-3β/ GSK-3β, Caspase-3, Bax were decreased, the protein expression of β-catenin, Bcl-2 were increased, notely, dose-dependent effect of crocin was significant. CONCLUSION: Crocin reduced neuronal apoptosis and mediated DKK3 to regulate GSK-3β/ β-catenin pathway to improve the cognitive impairment of AD rats.

Objective:To investigate impacts of a deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm on image quality of lower extremity CTA with low kVp and reverse flow direction scanning.Methods:From January 2021 to March 2021, fifty patients with suspected lower extremities diseases and received lower extremity CTA with low kVp and reverse flow direction scanning in Union Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University were retrospectively collected in this study. Six groups of CT images were reconstructed at the thickness of 0.625 mm using two algorithms including ASIR-V of three blending ratios (ASIR-V 20%, ASIR-V 50% and ASIR-V 80%) and DLIR of three strengths (DLIR-H, DLIR-M and DLIR-L). Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on proximal abdominal aorta (AA), distal AA, left and right common iliac arteries, left and right femoral arteries (upper segment), left and right superficial femoral arteries (middle segment), left and right popliteal arteries. The CT value and SD value were measured for each group; the signal-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. The lower extremity CTA was divided into four segments, and the subjective evaluation was independently performed on noise and sharpness using 4 points scales by two radiologists. One-way analysis of variance was utilized to evaluate the differences in subjective scoring and objective parameters among the six groups.Results:For all arteries segments, with the increase of blending ratios for ASIR-V and reconstruction strength of DLIR, the SD values were reduced while SNR and CNR were increased (all P<0.05). Among the six groups, DLIR-H and ASIR-V80% images had lowest SD as well as highest SNR and CNR (all P<0.05). In comparison to ASIR-V20% and ASIR-V50% images, DLIR-H images showed lower SD, higher SNR and CNR values (all P<0.05). There were no statistical differences between ASIR-V80% and DLIR-H images in SD, SNR and CNR values (all P>0.05). Subjective scoring results showed that the DLIR-H images displayed the best noise performance for the entire lower extremity arteries from AA to the foot artery, and the sharpness scores of DLIR-H images were also significantly higher than ASIR-V80% (all P<0.05). Conclusion:DLIR can significantly reduce the image noise and improve the image quality in CTA for abdominal aorta to lower extremity arteries. DLIR-H showed the greatest noise reduction ability and the best effect balancing noise and sharpness, providing highest image quality.

Objective:To compare the pharmacoeconomics value of domestic olanzapine with imported olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia to provide reference for the rational drug use in clinics. Methods:Two hundred patients with schizophrenia were ran-domly divided into group A ( treated with domestic olanzapine ) and group B ( treated with imported olanzapine ) with 100 cases in each. The treatment course was 8 weeks. The patient’ s condition, adverse reactions, social function, quality of life and daily activity in the two groups were evaluated. Meanwhile, cost-efficacy analysis was performed. Results:The scores of PANSS, SDSS, SQLS and ADL after the treatment were all significantly lower than those before the treatment in both groups (P<0. 01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05). In the 2nd and 4th weekend after the treatment, the scores of TESS in group A were all significantly higher than those in group B (P<0. 01). The effectiveness of the two groups was similar. The cost in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0. 01). The efficacy-cost ratio in group A was higher than that in group B(P<0. 01). Conclusion:The domestic olanzapine is as effective and safe as imported olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia with lower treat-ment cost. Therefore, the pharmacoeconomics value of domestic olanzapine is much better.

Totally 1 360 pregnant women during the first trimesters (4-12 weeks) who visited Ningbo University Affiliated Hospital and Ningbo Jiangbei Maternal Health Hospital from February 2010 to October 2011,and 216 non-pregnant healthy women,who contemporaneous by visited the hospital,were enrolled in this study.The thyroid screening was made by determining urinary iodine and serum free thyroxine,free triiodothyronine,total thyroxine,total triiodothyronine,thyrotropin,and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb).The median concentration of urinary iodine in the pregnant women was not different from that of non-pregnant women (P＞0.05) ; 1 360 pregnant women were screened,268 (19.71％) of them were identified to suffer from thyroid disorders or with positive thyroid autoantibody.29(13.43％) of non-pregnant women were identified to suffer from thyroid disorders or with positive thyroid autoantibody.There was significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =4.40,P＜0.05).Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction may increase during early pregnancy.The screening for thyroid function and autoantibody should be recommended in that period.

Objective To evaluate the role and efficacy of preventing bone mineral loss in patients with endometriosis treated by gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-a) combined with addback therapy.Methods Prospective,randomized controlled studies of the use of GnRHa with add-back therapy in treatment of endometriosis were enrolled in this study from Medline,Embase,Cochrane library,China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI),Chinese Biological Medicine Disk (CBM) and Data Base of Wanfang.After quality assessment and data extraction,meta-analysis were conducted in the change of BMD,reproductive hormone (E2) and visual pain score (VAS) by Stata 11.0 software.Results A total of 785patients from 13 randomized controlled trail (RCT) studies enrolled in this study after exclude no following up,poor quality and repeat published studies.377 patients were in group of GnRH-a with add-back treatment and 408 patients were in group of GnRna alone.The findinds were showed in meta-analysis:(1) there was a significant difference in percentage change of bone mineral density (BMD) between two groups,the addback therapy was more effective in prevention of bone loss which was (SMD =0.223,95％ CI:0.003 to 0.443,P =0.047).(2) There was no significant difference in the level of reproductive hormone between two groups (SMD =-0.053,95％ CI:-0.479 to 0.373,P =0.807).(3) There was also no significant difference in the visual pain score between the two groups (SMD =-0.157,95％ CI:-0.474 to 0.160,P=0.332).Conclusions GnRH-a with add-back therapy have been shown to be more effective in preventing loss of BMD than GnRH-a treatment alone.However,the long term effect of preventing BMD should be studied.