Objective To study the five-year survival status and influencing factors of elderly patients with lung cancer complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A cohort study was conducted to follow up 450 patients with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2023. The endpoint of the follow-up was the end of a five-year period or death. The Life Tables method was used to calculate survival rates and plot survival curves. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze the influencing factors of five-year survival. Results The results indicated that the overall five-year survival rate of patients was 4.89%, and it decreased year by year. Cox regression analysis showed that age, gender, family functioning, and psychological status significantly influenced patient survival rate (all P<0.05). Stratified analysis found that the smoking status, family functioning, and psychological status of male patients all had an impact on survival rate (all P<0.05), while the psychological status of female patients had a more significant impact on survival (P=0.008). Conclusion This study provides a scientific basis for comprehensive intervention of elderly lung cancer patients with COPD. It is recommended that clinical attention should be paid to psychological and family factors to improve patient prognosis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in the treatment of malignant tumors, and their related immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have attracted increasing attention. This study reports the diagnosis and treatment process of a case of immune cystitis in a patient with hepatobiliary tract malignant tumor after treatment with pembrolizumab. The patient was admitted to the hospital due to frequent urination, urgency of urination and dysuria for 1 month. Previous repeated anti-infection treatments were ineffective. Combined with medical history, laboratory tests, imaging findings, cystoscopy and pathological results, the patient was clinically diagnosed with ICIs-associated immune cystitis (Pembrolizumab) ultimately. The patient's symptoms significantly improved after treatment with glucocorticoids. This case reindicates that clinicians need to improve awareness of ICI-related urinary system irAEs. Early identification and timely intervention can significantly improve patient prognosis.

The single photon counting imaging detector based on microchannel plate(MCP)has the characteristics of high sensitivity and low dark count rate,and has been applied to the optical remote sensing detection of weak ultraviolet spectral signals in space.In this work,by using planar array single photon counting imaging detector as the detector,flat-field concave grating as the splitter,and electrodeless discharge lamp(EDL)as the excitation light source,a dispersion detection system suitable for hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry(HG-AFS)was developed.The wavelength calibration of the system was carried out,and the negative high pressure and EDL stability time of the planar array single photon counting imaging detector were analyzed and optimized.The characteristic emission spectral lines of As and Bi elements excited in the wavelength range of 180-320 nm were analyzed,and the scattering interference in the wavelength range of 257.3-306.7 nm was discussed.The results showed that the AFS dispersion detection system based on the planar array single photon counting imaging detector could detect and analyze the HG-AFS fluorescence signal initially,and the influence of scattering interference on the detection results was effectively avoided.The system had the advantages including simple structure,no refrigeration and temperature control,no moving parts and simultaneous measurement of multi-band.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated proteins(CRISPR-Cas)system has emerged as a next-generation nucleic acid detection tool due to its precise gene editing capabilities and exhibits high specificity and significant potential for application in the diagnosis of pathogen.However,the inherent shortcomings of CRISPR-Cas,including insufficient sensitivity of the traditional CRISPR-Cas system,complex operation of the CRISPR-Cas system combined with amplification,and limited capability for multi-target detection,have significantly constrained its practical applications in clinical settings.With the advantages of miniaturization,integration and automation,microfluidics has emerged as a promising tool for advancing the development of point-of-care testing(POCT)platforms.The integration of microfluidic technology with CRISPR-Cas system not only enhances the detection throughput and efficiency significantly,but also drives innovation in the development of portable POCT devices.In this paper,a comprehensive review of the research advancements of CRISPR-Cas nucleic acid detection platform facilitated by microfluidic technology was presented,with a focus on their application in detection of pathogens associated with clinical disease.This study aimed to explore emerging molecular diagnostic methodologies and offered novel insights for future research in clinical pathogen detection.

Autism spectrum disorder（ASD）is a neurodevelopmental disorder that originates in early childhood. The precise pathogenesis of ASD remains unclear，and current interventions show limited effectiveness in improving patient outcomes. Various treatment strategies are being explored.The ketogenic diet（KD），as a high-fat，low-carbohydrate，moderate-protein diet，gains attention as a potential therapeutic option for ASD. This article reviews the current application of the KD in the treatment of ASD，with a detailed exploration of its efficacy in alleviating ASD symptoms，clinical uncertainties，and potential mechanisms of action. These mechanisms include its effects on gut microbiota，neural excitation-inhibition balance，inflammation，oxidative stress，and so on. The review aims to provide reference for further scientific research and practical clinical applications.

Objective:To investigate the distribution law of TCM syndromes in DPN patients with different TCM syndromes and their correlation with neuroelectrophysiological indexes.Methods:The general data of 252 DPN patients in Nanchong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from October 2021 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into 139 cases of primary deficiency syndrome group and 113 cases of excess in superficiality group according to TCM syndrome type. The distribution of TCM syndromes in DPN patients was observed, nerve electrophysiological indicators were detected, the differences of nerve electrophysiological indicators among patients with different TCM syndromes were compared, and the correlation between TCM syndromes distribution and nerve electrophysiological indicators in DPN patients was analyzed.Results:Among 139 patients of DPN with primary deficiency syndrome, there were 56 cases of qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, 44 cases of yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, 39 cases of liver and kidney deficiency syndrome; among 113 cases of excess in superficiality syndrome group, 42 cases of phlegm-dampness blocking collaterals syndrome, 37 cases of blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome, and 34 cases of damp-heat blocking collaterals syndrome. There was no significant difference in the general data of patients with different TCM syndrome types ( P>0.05). The MCV and SCV of the median nerve, common peroneal nerve, and ulnar nerve in patients with primary deficiency syndrome group were lower than those in the excess in superficiality syndrome ( P<0.001), and the MCV and SCV of the median nerve, common peroneal nerve, and ulnar nerve in patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, and liver and kidney deficiency syndrome sequentially decreased ( P<0.01); there was no statistical significance ( P>0.05) in MCV and SCV between the three types of patients in the excess in superficiality group. Point-biserial correlation analysis results showed that DPN patients with primary deficiency syndrome had significant correlation with MCV and SCV ( P<0.05), while DPN patients with excess in superficiality syndrome had no significant correlation with MCV and SCV ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome is the most common among DPN patients with primary deficiency syndrome. Compared with patients with excess in superficiality group syndrome, MCV and SCV of patients with primary deficiency syndrome are at a lower level, and the TCM syndrome types of DPN patients are closely related to nerve conduction velocity.

Objective To explore the symptom prevalence in the patients with pulmonary nodules in Lingnan area and to investigate the influencing factors,thus to provide data support for the construction of differentiation and treatment system of symptoms-syndrome elements-syndromes-constitutions for patients with pulmonary nodules,and to promote the establishment of secondary prevention system of lung cancer with the in-depth participation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods A cross-sectional study was adopted to investigate patients with pulmonary nodules who admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from August 2023 to January 2024.Data collection covered the basic information,clinical characteristics and symptoms of the patients.Likert four-level scale was used for the grading of the severity of the symptoms,multivariate linear regression was adopted to construct three regression models,and then the factors influencing the severity of symptoms of patients with pulmonary nodules were explored.Results(1)A total of 274 patients were enrolled in the analysis,including 160 females and 114 males,with a mean age of(54.44±12.00)years old and the symptom scores averaging(3.97±3.80)point.The included patients with pulmonary nodules were characterized by females outnumbering males,a higher proportion of middle-aged and elderly people,multiple pulmonary nodules being more common.(2)The analysis of the symptoms of the 274 patients showed that symptoms with an incidence over 30%were fatigue(116 cases,42.34%),cough(105 cases,38.32%),expectoration of white sputum(89 cases,32.48%),and irritability and distress(87 cases,31.75%).(3)Multivariate linear regression analysis after variable adjustment suggested that the overall symptomatic severity in the male was milder than that in the female[β=-1.67,95%CI(-2.67,-0.68),P<0.001],and symptom score was positively correlated with age[β=0.07,95%CI(0.03,0.10),P<0.001],history of exposure to secondhand smoke[β=1.27,95%CI(0.26,2.27),P=0.015],history of exposure to other hazardous substances[β=1.96,95%CI(0.39,3.53),P=0.015],and history of allergy[β=2.38,95%CI(1.22,3.54),P<0.001]significantly.Conclusion The overall symptoms of patients with pulmonary nodules in Lingnan area are mild,and the high prevalence of symptoms are fatigue,cough,expectoration of white sputum,and irritability and distress.The symptom severity is correlated with gender,age,history of exposure to secondhand smoke,history of exposure to other hazardous substances,and history of allergy.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) often spreads to the liver, necessitating surgical treatment for CRC liver metastasis (CRLM). Iron-deficiency anemia is common in CRC patients and is associated with fatigue and weakness. This study investigated the effects of iron-deficiency anemia on the outcomes of surgical resection of CRLM. Methods: This population-based, retrospective study evaluated data from adults ≥20 years old with CRLM who underwent hepatic resection. All patient data were extracted from the 2005–2018 US National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. The outcome measures were in-hospital outcomes including 30-day mortality, unfavorable discharge, and prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS), and short-term complications such as bleeding and infection. Associations between iron-deficiency anemia and outcomes were determined using logistic regression analysis. Results: Data from 7,749 patients (representing 37,923 persons in the United States after weighting) were analyzed. Multivariable analysis revealed that iron-deficiency anemia was significantly associated with an increased risk of prolonged LOS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.30–3.30), unfavorable discharge (aOR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.83–3.19), bleeding (aOR, 5.05; 95% CI, 2.92–8.74), sepsis (aOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.04–2.46), pneumonia (aOR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.72–3.74), and acute kidney injury (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.24–2.35). Subgroup analyses revealed consistent associations between iron-deficiency anemia and prolonged LOS across age, sex, and obesity status categories. Conclusion In patients undergoing hepatic resection for CRLM, iron-deficiency anemia is an independent risk factor for prolonged LOS, unfavorable discharge, and several critical postoperative complications. These findings underscore the need for proactive anemia management to optimize surgical outcomes.

As an adjuvant therapy,transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)can prolong the disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with primary liver cancer(PCL).However,postoperative adverse reactions and recurrence still possibly persist.Based on years of clinical practice,Professor Lin Lizhu proposes that patients with PCL undergoing TACE exhibit pathological mechanisms characterized by deficiency,stagnation,toxicity,and stasis.In clinical practice,these patients can be treated with Chinese herbal medicine based on the therapeutic principle of strengthening spleen and soothing liver.The treatment strategy involves:invigorating spleen and stomach to restore healthy qi,soothing liver and nourishing blood to support liver function,and detoxifying and dispersing stasis to prevent recurrence.Derived from the classic formula Sini San,Professor Lin has developed Sini Kang'ai Formula,which mainly consists of Eupolyphaga Steleophaga,Bupleuri Radix,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Aurantii Fructus Immaturus,Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Codonopsis Radix,Persicae Semen,Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus,etc.In clinical application,Sini Kang'ai Formula should be flexibly modified depending on the characteristic symptom patterns of patients during the perioperative period of TACE,thus to alleviate postoperative adverse reactions,prevent tumor recurrence,prolong disease-free survival and overall survival,and improve patients' quality of life.

[Objective] To study on the genotyping of a sample with inconsistent forward and reverse serological tests, and to conduct a pedigree investigation and molecular biological mechanism study. [Methods] The ABO blood group of the proband and his family members were identified using blood group serological method. The ABO gene exon 1-7 of samples of the proband and his family were sequenced by Sanger and single molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT). DeepTMHMM was used to predict and analyze the transmembrane region of proteins before and after mutation. [Results] The proband and his mother have the Bw phenotype, while his maternal grandfather has ABw phenotype. The blood group results of forward and reverse typing of other family members were consistent. ABO gene sequencing results showed that there was B new mutation of c.3 G>C in exon 1 of ABO gene in the proband, his mother and grandfather, leading to a shift in translation start site. DeepTMHMM analysis indicated that the shift in the translation start site altered the protein topology. [Conclusion] The c.3G>C mutation in the first exon of the ABO gene leads to a shift in the translation start site, altering the protein topology from an α-transmembrane region to a spherical signaling peptide, reducing enzyme activity and resulting in the Bw serological phenotype.