With the rapid development of sequencing technologies, the detection of alternative polyadenylation (APA) in mammals has become more precise. APA precisely regulates gene expression by altering the length and position of the poly(A) tail, and is involved in various biological processes such as disease occurrence and embryonic development. The research on APA in mammals mainly focuses on the following aspects:(1) identifying APA based on transcriptome data and elucidating their characteristics; (2) investigating the relationship between APA and gene expression regulation to reveal its important role in life regulation;(3) exploring the intrinsic connections between APA and disease occurrence, embryonic development, differentiation, and other life processes to provide new perspectives and methods for disease diagnosis and treatment, as well as uncovering embryonic development regulatory mechanisms. In this review, the classification, mechanisms and functions of APA were elaborated in detail and the methods for APA identifying and APA data resources based on various transcriptome data were systematically summarized. Moreover, we epitomized and provided an outlook on research on APA, emphasizing the role of sequencing technologies in driving studies on APA in mammals. In the future, with the further development of sequencing technology, the regulatory mechanisms of APA in mammals will become clearer.

Objective: To understand the moderating effect of cohabitation with parents on the association between peer dating behavior and sexual behaviors among secondary vocational school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for preventing sexual behaviors among secondary vocational school students. Methods: From March to April 2021, an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 180 students from 6 vocational schools in Shanghai (urban, suburban, exurban) and Shaanxi (Shangluo, Ankang, Baoji) using cluster sampling. Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship of cohabitation with parents, peer dating behavior and sexual behaviors among secondary vocational school students. Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the role of cohabitation with parents on peer dating behavior and sexual behaviors among secondary vocational students. Results: There was a significant negative between cohabitation with parents and sexual ( r =-0.04); and there was a positive correlation between peer dating behavior and sexual behaviors ( r =0.24), as well as cohabitation with parents and peer dating behavior ( r =0.04)( P <0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed an association between peer dating behavior and the occurrence of sexual behaviors ( OR=2.79-12.95, P <0.05). Cohabitation with parents played a moderating role in the association between peer dating behavior and sexual behaviors, and a signification interaction was found between cohabitation with parents and reporting that a small part or about half of their peers had dating behavior ( OR =0.48, P <0.05). Conclusions The more peers dating behavior are associated with a higher risk of sexual behaviors among secondary vocational school students, and cohabitation with parents can partly reduce this risk. School and family sexuality education for secondary vocational students should be strengthened to improve their interpersonal skills and decision-making, and ability to resist peer pressure, so as to reduce their risk of sexual behaviors.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure （ACLF） is a complex clinical syndrome， and early identification and accurate prognostic evaluation are of great importance for patient treatment and management. In recent years， with in-depth research on the pathogenesis of ACLF， multiple prognostic biomarkers have been proposed and used in clinical practice. This article systematically reviews the research advances in prognostic biomarkers for ACLF from the aspects of clinical predictive models， immunological biomarkers， metabolic biomarkers， genetic and epigenetic biomarkers， microbiome-related biomarkers， and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and multi-omics， and it also discusses the value and application prospects of these biomarkers in the prognostic evaluation of ACLF and proposes future research directions， in order to provide a scientific and comprehensive reference for clinicians， guide individualized treatment and management of ACLF patients， and finally improve the clinical outcomes of patients.

Objective: To examine the association between parent-child relationships and bullying behaviors among junior high school students, and to explore the moderating effect of community cohesion, so as to provide evidences for bullying intervention strategies. Methods: From November to December 2017, a cluster sampling method was used to survey 1 589 students in grades 6- 8 from three junior high schools in Jing an District,Shanghai. Anonymous electronic questionnaires collected data on parent-child relationships, community cohesion, and bullying behaviors. Multivariate Logistic regression analyzed the associations and moderation effects. Results: The prevalence of bullying behaviors among junior high school students was 7.80%. Spearman correlation analysis revealed negative associations between both parent-child relationships ( r =-0.13) and community cohesion ( r =-0.10) with bullying behaviors, while parent-child relationships positively correlated with community cohesion ( r =0.29) (all P <0.01). Junior high school students with positive parent-child relationships and higher perceived community cohesion showed lower risks of bullying behaviors ( OR=0.51, 95%CI =0.36-0.72; OR=0.58, 95%CI =0.45-0.76), with a significant interaction effect between the two factors (all P <0.05). Conclusions Positive parent-child relationships and community cohesion are negatively associated with bullying behaviors in middle school students. Supportive family relationships help reduce bullying, while stronger community cohesion enhances the protective effect of positive parent-child relationships against bullying.

Objective To study a method for determining the cumulative dose of low-energy neutrons ( < 100 keV) independently based on a CR-39 detector. Methods According to the theory of track etching kinetics, the differences in the tracks formed by low-energy neutrons or fast neutrons in a BN + CR-39 detector under broad-spectrum neutron irradiation were analyzed. A method was proposed to identify the tracks produced by low-energy neutrons under specific etching conditions while avoiding interference from fast neutron tracks. Results Experimental results demonstrated that the BN + CR-39 detector using TASTRAK PADC CR-39 track-detecting plastic could independently detect the tracks of low-energy neutrons when etched in a 6.25 mol/L NaOH solution for 1 h. The track density showed a good linear relationship with the ambient dose equivalent of low-energy neutrons, and the calibration coefficient was 0.0366 μSv·tr⁻¹·cm². Conclusion The BN + CR-39 detector proposed in this study demonstrated high sensitivity to low-energy neutrons. The track identification method can be used for effective and independent determination of the cumulative dose equivalent of low-energy neutrons.

Objective: To explore the association between parent-child connectedness and romantic relationships of secondary vocational school students and the moderating effect of peers romantic behavior, providing scientific basis for family and school health education. Methods: From March to April 2021，2 426 students from six secondary vocational and technical schools in Shanghai and Shaanxi Province were selected to conduct the survey by combining convenience sampling and cluster sampling.Electronic questionnaires were used to collect data on students family characteristics,oneself and peer romantic behaviors, and parent-child bonding. The t-test was employed for inter group comparisons, and binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between parent-child bonding levels, peer romantic behavior, and the romantic behavior of secondary vocational students. Results: The mother-child connection (2.63±0.77) was higher than that of father-child connection (2.48±0.78), with statistically significant difference ( t =6.83, P <0.01). Multivariable Logistic regression showed that overall father-child connectedness was negatively associated with students romantic relationships( OR =0.86，95% CI =0.76-0.97， P =0.02)and was only associated to girls romantic relationships when stratified by gender( OR =0.79，95% CI =0.66-0.93， P =0.01). Peers romantic relationships were positively associated with students romantic relationships ( OR =3.19-5.12, all P <0.01), and there was a moderating effect of the association between maternal connectedness and boys romantic relationships ( OR =1.67, 95% CI =1.05-2.66, P =0.03). Among boys without romantic peers, mother-child connectedness was negatively associated with their romantic relationships ( OR = 0.60 , 95% CI =0.36-0.99, P <0.05). In the total sample of Shanghai and girls of Shaanxi, father-child connectedness was negatively correlated with the romantic relationships of secondary vocational school students ( OR =0.84,0.65,95% CI =0.71-1.00,0.50-0.85,both P <0.05). Peer romantic relationships exhibited a negative moderating effect on the influence of mother-child connectedness on the romantic relationships of males in Shanghai ( OR =1.91, 95% CI =1.03-3.57, P <0.05). Conclusions The father-daughter connectedness is negatively correlated with girls romantic behavior, and peer romantic behavior weakens the correlation between mother-child connectedness and boys romantic behavior. Efforts should be made to enhance the parent-child connectedness of secondary vocational students and their ability to cope with peer influence, providing proper guidance for adolescents heterosexual interactions.

Animals ; Macaca mulatta ; Optic Disk ; Glaucoma ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Intraocular Pressure ; Low Tension Glaucoma

China has entered a stage of deep aging. The expanding aging population and subsequently an aging labor force pose significant challenges to China’s social and economic development. European Union (EU) countries have entered the aging phase earlier and to a greater extent. To address the labor shortage and the rising dependency ratio, the EU has implemented a series of policies and measures, including raising retirement age, promoting flexible retirement, enhancing work flexibility, improving welfare for elderly workers, creating age-friendly environments, focusing on occupational health, strengthening knowledge and skills training, and leveraging digital technologies in the workplace. These measures aim to prevent premature exit of elderly workers, better balance their work and life needs, improve occupational health and skills, and enhance overall work efficiency of companies. This review discussed the experience and lessons learned from the EU countries in addressing the aging workforce from the perspectives of occupational health and occupational skills development, aiming to provide rational suggestions to assist China in better adapting the challenges of aging workforce after steadily and orderly advancing the gradual reform of the statutory retirement age, thereby improving the efficiency of the overall workforce and the stability of the labor market, driving the talent dividend of highly educated and skilled middle-aged and elderly employees, and ultimately promoting sustained economic and social development.

The purpose of this study was to enrich the genomic information and provide a basis for further development and utilization of Polygonatum kingianum. The fresh rhizome of P. kingianum was used as the experimental material, and the full-length transcriptome was sequenced by PacBio Sequel platform. The final measured polymerase reads were 1 120 485, with a total of 77.73 GB of data. In NR database, 41 864 homologous sequence alignments were aligned to 5 species; 40 506 were annotated in the KOG database and classified into 26 categories based on their functionality; 69 060 GO annotated 32 functional groups divided into 3 categories: cellular components, molecular functions, and biological processes; 45 779 annotations were added to 145 metabolic pathways in the KEGG database. Among them, there are 127 identified transcripts related to polysaccharide synthesis in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolic pathway, 144 in the starch and sucrose metabolic pathway, 85 in the amino acid sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolic pathway, and 69 in the fructose and mannose metabolic pathway. In addition, 1 781 transcription factors were detected, distributed in 37 transcription factor families; 180 293 SSR loci were detected, among which single base repeats accounted for the most, accounting for 30.48% of all base repeats, and at least five base repeats, accounting for only 0.14% of single base repeats. The results of this study provide important data supporting for enriching the genomic information of P. kingianum and exploring its effective biosynthetic pathway.

A high-throughput three-dimensional (3D) hepatocyte culture model is constructed in this study. It is capable of replicating the 3D in vivo environment and offers the advantages of high throughput, enhanced reproducibility, low cost, and simplified operation, rendering a valuable tool for hepatotoxicity screening of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). First, we constructed the 3D high throughput liver chip model using collagen hydrogel. The precision and its difference with traditional cell culture plates were assessed using acetaminophen, Tripterygium hypoglaucum, and Qili San as the references. The feasibility of this model was also investigated by comparing the hepatotoxicity among four batches of T. hypoglaucum and Qili San. The methodology verification shows that the 3D hepatocyte model is better than traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture model in precision and feasibility. Subsequently, we compared the hepatotoxicity of different samples over a period of three or seven days and found that the hepatotoxicity of TCM extracts increased over time. Finally, we compared the hepatotoxicity of T. hypoglaucum and its compound formula Kunxian capsule under equivalent concentration. The results showed that the compound Kunxian capsule could significantly reduce hepatotoxicity of T. hypoglaucum. Generally, we constructed a high-throughput, robust 3D liver-on-a-chip model with the potential of rapid assessing TCM-induced liver toxicity.